{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T10:46:18Z","timestamp":1778755578969,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441065600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]],"date-time":"2015-09-01T14:03:58Z","timestamp":1441116238000},"page":"e0136664","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Evidence of High Out of Pocket Spending for HIV Care Leading to Catastrophic Expenditure for Affected Patients in Lao People's Democratic Republic"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hubert","family":"Barennes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amphonexay","family":"Frichittavong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marissa","family":"Gripenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulin","family":"Koffi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1111\/tmi.12032","article-title":"Financial burden of health care for HIV\/AIDS patients in Vietnam.","volume":"18","author":"BX Tran","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.3844\/ajidsp.2009.219.224","article-title":"Mortality among HIV-Infected Patients in Resource Limited Settings: A Case Controlled Analysis of Inpatients at a Community Care Center","volume":"5","author":"N Rajagopalan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-7547-7-6","article-title":"Cost estimates of HIV care and treatment with and without anti-retroviral therapy at Arba Minch Hospital in southern Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"AD Bikilla","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cost Eff Resour Alloc"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"864962","article-title":"The Economic Burden of HIV\/AIDS and myocardial infarction treatment in Brazil","author":"DV Araujo","year":"2013","journal-title":"ScientificWorldJournal 2013"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-200311070-00013","article-title":"Costs of medical services for patients with HIV\/AIDS in Khon Kaen, Thailand","volume":"17","author":"T Kitajima","year":"2003","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12097","article-title":"Antiretroviral treatment-based cost saving interventions may offset expenses for new patients and earlier treatment start","volume":"15","author":"C Angeletti","year":"2014","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1086\/500453","article-title":"Distribution of health care expenditures for HIV-infected patients","volume":"42","author":"RY Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121003605047","article-title":"User fees and access to ARV treatment for persons living with HIV\/AIDS: implementation and challenges in Burkina Faso, a limited-resource country","volume":"22","author":"S Kouanda","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"292","article-title":"Assessing the direct cost of medical care for HIV between the third and tenth year of ARV treatment in Dakar","volume":"107","author":"S Boufkhed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bull Soc Pathol Exot"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Costing analysis of national HIV treatment and care program in Vietnam","author":"DT Anh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"232046","article-title":"Cost-Effectiveness of Improving Health Care to People with HIV in Nicaragua","volume":"2014","author":"E Broughton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs Res Pract"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"101","article-title":"The cost of antiretroviral treatment service for patients with HIV\/AIDS in a central outpatient clinic in Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"LT Nguyen","year":"2014","journal-title":". Clinicoecon Outcomes Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11213","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011213","article-title":"The financial burden of morbidity in HIV-infected adults on antiretroviral therapy in Cote d&apos;Ivoire","volume":"5","author":"A Beauliere","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500159359","article-title":"Costs and financial burden of care and support services to PLHA and households in South India","volume":"18","author":"P Duraisamy","year":"2006","journal-title":". AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701768446","article-title":"Out-of-pocket costs of AIDS care in China: are free antiretroviral drugs enough?","volume":"20","author":"S Moon","year":"2008","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2009.0050","article-title":"Barriers to access to antiretroviral treatment in Mozambique, as perceived by patients and health workers in urban and rural settings","volume":"23","author":"M Posse","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.12.007","article-title":"Payment for antiretroviral drugs is associated with a higher rate of patients lost to follow-up than those offered free-of-charge therapy in Nairobi, Kenya","volume":"102","author":"R Zachariah","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.07.049643","article-title":"Financial barriers to HIV treatment in Yaounde, Cameroon: first results of a national cross-sectional survey","volume":"87","author":"S Boyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2008.02091.x","article-title":"Barriers to access to antiretroviral treatment in developing countries: a review","volume":"13","author":"M Posse","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86225","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086225","article-title":"Economic support to patients in HIV and TB grants in rounds 7 and 10 from the global fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria","volume":"9","author":"LM Richter","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00287-0","article-title":"The poor pay more: health-related inequality","volume":"44","author":"S Pannarunothai","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thailand. Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2011.579938","article-title":"Out-of-pocket expenditures and coping strategies for people living with HIV: Bogota, Colombia, 2009","volume":"23","author":"MM Lopera","year":"2011","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"187","article-title":"From economic difficulties to social suffering of people living with HIV in Burkina Faso","volume":"18","author":"B Bila","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sante"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13861-5","article-title":"Household catastrophic health expenditure: a multicountry analysis","volume":"362","author":"K Xu","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-014-0300-9","article-title":"Perceived stigma by children on antiretroviral treatment in Cambodia","volume":"14","author":"H Barennes","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-014-0675-1","article-title":"Association between chronic disease and catastrophic health expenditure in Korea","volume":"15","author":"JW Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":". BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.102178","article-title":"Factors affecting catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment from medical expenses in China: policy implications of universal health insurance","volume":"90","author":"Y Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-283","article-title":"Household out-of-pocket payments for illness: evidence from Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"NT Thuan","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3156.2003.01194.x","article-title":"Out-of-pocket health expenditure and debt in poor households: evidence from Cambodia","volume":"9","author":"DW Van","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2012.11.028","article-title":"Financial burden of household out-of pocket health expenditure in Viet Nam: findings from the National Living Standard Survey 2002\u20132010","volume":"96","author":"MH Van","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Equitable Prices of Single-Source Drugs in Thailand","author":"S Ngorsuraches","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl Health Econ Health Policy"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1108\/S0731-2199(2009)0000021006","article-title":"The equity impact of the universal coverage policy: lessons from Thailand","volume":"21","author":"P Prakongsai","year":"2009","journal-title":"Adv Health Econ Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"24","article-title":"The first 10 years of the Universal Coverage Scheme in Thailand: review of its impact on health inequalities and lessons learnt for middle-income countries","volume":"17","author":"V Yiengprugsawan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Australas epidemiol"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lao People&apos;s Democratic Republic Health System Review","author":"K Akkhavong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lao People's Democratic Republic Health System Review"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"World Bank: Vientiane Office (2015) Government Expenditure on health in Lao PDR: Overall Trends and findingd from a Health center survey."},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"The World Bank (2015) The World Bank: Lao PDR."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Lao Ministry of Health (2013) Sector reform Framework Lao PDR to 2025. 2\u2013134."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"Lao Ministry of Health (2015) Lao National Health Accounts Report Fiscal Year 2010\u20132011 and 2011\u20132012. 2\u201394."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Lao Ministry of Health (2015) Draft Health Financing Strategy, Lao PDR 2014\u20132025. 2\u201355."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Lao PDR Ministry of Health (2014) Key features of the official Social Health Protection schemes in Lao PDR for the year 2013. 1\u201311."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Minh HV, Pocock NS, Hanvoravongchai P, Soe KM (2015) Progress towards Universal Health Coverage in ASEAN."},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"World Bank (2015) Lao economic monitor: towards restoring macroeconomic stability and building inclusive growth. 1\u201348."},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"UNAIDS (2013) Lao PDR country report progress. 1\u2013127."},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"HIV viral load testing in Laos","author":"P Paboriboune","year":"2012","journal-title":"Field action science reports"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-617","article-title":"Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV (PLHIV): a cross-sectional survey to measure in Lao PDR","volume":"13","author":"V Hansana","year":"2013","journal-title":". BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18055","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.16.1.18055","article-title":"Patient costs associated with accessing HIV\/AIDS care in Malawi","volume":"16","author":"AD Pinto","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1089\/apc.2008.0241","article-title":"Survival and quality of life among HIV-positive people on antiretroviral therapy in Cambodia","volume":"23","author":"G Morineau","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Patient Care STDS"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18905","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.17.1.18905","article-title":"Achieving universal access and moving towards elimination of new HIV infections in Cambodia","volume":"17","author":"MC Vun","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-9-6","article-title":"Expenditures for the care of HIV-infected patients in rural areas in China&apos;s antiretroviral therapy programs","volume":"9","author":"F Zhou","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Lao Ministry of Health (2015) Lao National Health Accounts Report Fiscal Year 2010\u20132011 and 2011\u20132012. 2\u201394."},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"Lao Ministry of Health (2015) Draft Health Financing Strategy, Lao PDR 2014\u20132025. 2\u201355."},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"World Bank: Vientiane Office (2015) Government Expenditure on health in Lao PDR: Overall Trends and finding from a Health center survey. S1 Dataset-on catastrophic health spending in HIV patients in Laos"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136664","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,29]],"date-time":"2019-08-29T22:24:32Z","timestamp":1567117472000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136664"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yoel","family":"Lubell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136664","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,1]]}}}