{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:56:06Z","timestamp":1791395766730,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1456358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]],"date-time":"2016-02-25T20:01:22Z","timestamp":1456430482000},"page":"e0136709","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Predominance of Blastocystis sp. Infection among School Children in Peninsular Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Kalimuthu","family":"Nithyamathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samudi","family":"Chandramathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"200","article-title":"Determining the prevalence of intestinal parasites in three Orang Asli (Aborigines) communities in Perak, Malaysia","volume":"29","author":"B Sinniah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/101053959400700104","article-title":"Socio-economic factors associated with intestinal parasites among children living in Gombak, Malaysia","volume":"7","author":"B Rajeswari","year":"1994","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"Bundy D, Guyatt H (1990) Global distribution of parasitic worm infections. Report to the."},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2002.66.799","article-title":"Seasonal prevalence of intestinal parasites in the United States during 2000","volume":"66","author":"OM Amin","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-40","article-title":"Blastocystis infection in Malaysia: evidence of waterborne and human-to-human transmissions among the Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi tribes of Orang Asli","volume":"6","author":"TS Anuar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"55","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal protozoa in an aborigine community in Pahang, Malaysia","volume":"24","author":"MY Noor Azian","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2011.03.006","article-title":"Detection of microsporidia in local HIV-positive population in Malaysia","volume":"105","author":"A Lono","year":"2011","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(01)90186-5","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis in high-rise flat dwellers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","volume":"95","author":"J Ibrahim","year":"2001","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"68","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal parasites among members of the public in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","volume":"36","author":"I Jamaiah","year":"2005","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050314","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome in patients with Blastocystis hominis infection","volume":"18","author":"A Giacometti","year":"1999","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-162","article-title":"Advantage of using colonic washouts for Blastocystis detection in colorectal cancer patients","volume":"7","author":"V Kumarasamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"653","article-title":"Blastocystis hominis among symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals in Talkha Center, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt","volume":"35","author":"A El-Shazly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"184","article-title":"Pathogenicity of Blastocystis hominis, a clinical reevaluation","volume":"31","author":"S Kaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Turkiye Parazitol Derg"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050528","article-title":"Irregular shedding of Blastocystis hominis","volume":"85","author":"GD Vennila","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-003-0995-2","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction-based genotype classification among human Blastocystis hominis populations isolated from different countries","volume":"92","author":"H Yoshikawa","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0727-0","article-title":"Cross-sectional surveys and subtype classification of human Blastocystis isolates from four epidemiological settings in China","volume":"102","author":"LH Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1553","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-011-2665-0","article-title":"Predominance of Blastocystis sp. subtype 4 in rural communities, Nepal","volume":"110","author":"IL Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.79.401","article-title":"Drinking water: a possible source of Blastocystis spp. subtype 1 infection in schoolchildren of a rural community in central Thailand","volume":"79","author":"S Leelayoova","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1031-3","article-title":"A possible link between subtype 2 and asymptomatic infections of Blastocystis hominis","volume":"103","author":"F Dogruman-Al","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2007.06.003","article-title":"Detecting&lt; i&gt; Blastocystis using parasitologic and DNA-based methods: a comparative study","volume":"59","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Diagnostic microbiology and infectious disease"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1398-9","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of human Blastocystis isolates in France","volume":"105","author":"L Souppart","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0808-0","article-title":"Predominance of subtype 3 among Blastocystis isolates from a major hospital in Singapore","volume":"102","author":"KH Wong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"596","article-title":"Distribution of intestinal parasitic infections amongst aborigine children at Post Sungai Rual, Kelantan, Malaysia","volume":"30","author":"Y Hartini","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-40","article-title":"Blastocystis infection in Malaysia: Evidence of waterborne and human-to-human transmissions among the Proto-Malay, Negrito and Senoi tribes of Orang Asli","volume":"6","author":"TS Anuar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2012.07.003","article-title":"Giardiasis among different tribes of Orang Asli in Malaysia: highlighting the presence of other family members infected with Giardia intestinalis as a main risk factor","volume":"42","author":"TS Anuar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182012000340","article-title":"Drinking water is a significant predictor of Blastocystis infection among rural Malaysian primary schoolchildren","volume":"139","author":"AM Abdulsalam","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1550","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001550","article-title":"Association between anaemia, iron deficiency anaemia, neglected parasitic infections and socioeconomic factors in rural children of West Malaysia","volume":"6","author":"R Ngui","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref28","first-page":"400","article-title":"How common is intestinal parasitism in HIV-infected patients in Malaysia?","volume":"28","author":"I Asma","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trop Biomed"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1179\/136485911X12899838683368","article-title":"Childhood Cryptosporidium infection among aboriginal communities in Peninsular Malaysia","volume":"105","author":"HM Al-Mekhlafi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2008.02.004","article-title":"Risk factors for endemic giardiasis: highlighting the possible association of contaminated water and food","volume":"102","author":"AK Mohammed Mahdy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"724","article-title":"Serum iron status in Orang Asli children living in endemic areas of soil-transmitted helminths","volume":"16","author":"UN Aini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref32","first-page":"415","article-title":"Parasitic infections among Orang Asli (aborigine) in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia","volume":"38","author":"SL Hakim","year":"2007","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"ref33","first-page":"30","article-title":"Prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in HIV-infected patients in Kajang Hospital","volume":"36","author":"YA Lim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Selangor. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","first-page":"18","article-title":"Intestinal parasitic infection among five interior communities at upper Rejang River, Sarawak, Malaysia","volume":"33","author":"DD Sagin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"412","article-title":"Parasitic infections among aborigine children at Post Brooke, Kelantan, Malaysia","volume":"52","author":"N Rahmah","year":"1997","journal-title":"Med J Malaysia"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"735","article-title":"Prevalence and some risk factors of Giardia duodenalis infection in a rural community in Malaysia","volume":"29","author":"M Norhayati","year":"1998","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1007\/s004360050677","article-title":"Blastocystis in animal handlers","volume":"85","author":"H Rajah Salim","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-004-1123-7","article-title":"Comparison of methods for detecting Blastocystis hominis","volume":"23","author":"K Suresh","year":"2004","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01392-10","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a real-time PCR assay for detection and quantification of Blastocystis parasites in human stool samples: prospective study of patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"49","author":"P Poirier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(87)80075-6","article-title":"Prevalence, distribution and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiases among Malaysian children","volume":"101","author":"S Kan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Public health"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"475","article-title":"Prevalence of giardiasis among Malaysian primary school children","volume":"51","author":"K Shekhar","year":"1996","journal-title":"The Medical journal of Malaysia"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/45.4.241","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in Malaysian children with cancer","volume":"45","author":"BS Menon","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2014.04.006","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis in pigs and their in-contact humans in Southeast Queensland, Australia, and Cambodia","volume":"203","author":"W Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Veterinary parasitology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e84372","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0084372","article-title":"Subtype distribution of Blastocystis isolates in Sebha, Libya","volume":"8","author":"AM Abdulsalam","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2007.01.004","article-title":"Terminology for Blastocystis subtypes\u2014a consensus","volume":"23","author":"CR Stensvold","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X252197","article-title":"Genomic diversity of Blastocystis hominis from patients in southern Iran","volume":"102","author":"H Motazedian","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annals of tropical medicine and parasitology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-009-1551-5","article-title":"Genetic variability of Blastocystis sp. isolates obtained from cancer and HIV\/AIDS patients","volume":"105","author":"TC Tan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-010-1761-x","article-title":"Irritable bowel syndrome: is it associated with genotypes of Blastocystis hominis","volume":"106","author":"J Yakoob","year":"2010","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.3.967-975.2003","article-title":"Blastocystis isolates from a pig and a horse are closely related to Blastocystis hominis","volume":"41","author":"U Thathaisong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5619","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.71.9.5619-5620.2005","article-title":"Viable Blastocystis cysts in Scottish and Malaysian sewage samples","volume":"71","author":"K Suresh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Applied and environmental microbiology"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-5-130","article-title":"Blastocystis sp.: waterborne zoonotic organism, a possibility","volume":"5","author":"LI Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/123916","article-title":"Occurrence of Blastocystis in water of two rivers from recreational areas in Malaysia","author":"I Ithoi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of parasitology research"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2008.06.001","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of <italic>Blastocystis<\/italic> isolates from animal and human hosts in the Philippines","volume":"156","author":"WL Rivera","year":"2008","journal-title":"Veterinary parasitology"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182006001582","article-title":"Direct characterization of Blastocystis from faeces by PCR and evidence of zoonotic potential","volume":"134","author":"U Parkar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1379","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7519(00)00128-4","article-title":"Emerging parasite zoonoses associated with water and food","volume":"30","author":"TR Slifko","year":"2000","journal-title":"International journal for parasitology"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1198-7","article-title":"Association of Blastocystis subtype 3 and 1 with patients from an Oregon community presenting with chronic gastrointestinal illness","volume":"104","author":"MS Jones","year":"2009","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-1163-5","article-title":"Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of Blastocystis hominis isolates implicates subtype 3 as a subtype with pathogenic potential","volume":"104","author":"T Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0777","article-title":"Molecular epidemiology of Blastocystis in Lebanon and correlation between subtype 1 and gastrointestinal symptoms","volume":"88","author":"D El Safadi","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-009-0073-8","article-title":"Current views on the clinical relevance of Blastocystis spp","volume":"12","author":"KS Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Current infectious disease reports"},{"key":"ref60","first-page":"1543","article-title":"Questionable clinical significance of Blastocystis hominis infection","volume":"84","author":"T Sun","year":"1989","journal-title":"The American journal of gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.24.4.548-550.1986","article-title":"Association of Blastocystis hominis with signs and symptoms of human disease","volume":"24","author":"DJ Sheehan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Journal of clinical microbiology"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1585","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-014-3805-0","article-title":"Do not forget the stool examination!-cutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations of Blastocystis sp. infection","volume":"113","author":"A Balint","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-0033-7","article-title":"Predominance of amoeboid forms of Blastocystis hominis in isolates from symptomatic patients","volume":"98","author":"T Tian Chye","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitology research"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-6-295","article-title":"Amoebic forms of Blastocystis spp.\u2014evidence for a pathogenic role","volume":"6","author":"A Rajamanikam","year":"2013","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136709","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,16]],"date-time":"2020-09-16T03:06:55Z","timestamp":1600225615000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136709"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Henk D. F. H.","family":"Schallig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0136709","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,25]]}}}