{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T16:14:09Z","timestamp":1774714449911,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]],"date-time":"2015-09-11T18:00:44Z","timestamp":1441994444000},"page":"e0137656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association of Psychosocial Conditions, Oral Health, and Dietary Variety with Intellectual Activity in Older Community-Dwelling Japanese Adults"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Kimiko","family":"Tomioka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nozomi","family":"Okamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norio","family":"Kurumatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Hosoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.5.429","article-title":"Factors predictive of outcome on admission to an acute geriatric ward","volume":"28","author":"T Alarc\u00f3n","year":"1999","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M189","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/51A.5.M189","article-title":"Risk factors for nursing home use after hospitalization for medical illness","volume":"51","author":"MA Rudberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"122","article-title":"Research Planning and Action for the Elderly: The Power and Potential of Social Science","author":"MP Lawton","year":"1972"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(02)00081-X","article-title":"Longitudinal changes in higher-level functional capacity of an older population living in a Japanese urban community","volume":"36","author":"Y Fujiwara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1444-1586.2002.00023.x","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of older community residents with mild cognitive decline","volume":"2","author":"Y Fujiwara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb02632.x","article-title":"Predictors for functional decline among nondisabled older Japanese living in a community during a 3-year follow-up","volume":"48","author":"T Ishizaki","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2012.00654.x","article-title":"Relationships between higher-level functional capacity and dental health behaviors in community-dwelling older adults","volume":"30","author":"S Moriya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-2358.2007.00203.x","article-title":"Relationship between chewing ability and high-level functional capacity in an 80-year-old population in Japan","volume":"25","author":"Y Takata","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Effects of dietary variety on declines in high-level functional capacity in elderly people living in a community","volume":"50","author":"S Kumagai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"95","article-title":"Masticatory ability in 80-year-old subjects and its relation to intake of energy, nutrients and food items","volume":"19","author":"T Osterberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"53","article-title":"Facts, Research and Intervention in Geriatrics","author":"H Haga","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/28.3.323","article-title":"'Ikigai' in older Japanese people","volume":"28","author":"N Nakanishi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e61741","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061741","article-title":"Social participation and dental health status among older Japanese adults: a population-based cross-sectional study","volume":"8","author":"K Takeuchi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.00536.x","article-title":"Glycated hemoglobin levels and intellectual activity in an aged population","volume":"53","author":"H Amano","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12690","article-title":"Animal protein intake is associated with higher-level functional capacity in elderly adults: the Ohasama study","volume":"62","author":"E Imai","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2245","article-title":"Depression status as a reliable predictor of functional decline among Japanese community-dwelling older adults: a 12-year population-based prospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"H Iwasa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2011.03633.x","article-title":"Health behaviors as predictors for declines in higher-level functional capacity in older adults: the Ohasama study","volume":"59","author":"M Tsubota-Utsugi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"145","article-title":"Outcome of comprehensive medical rehabilitation: measurement by PULSES profile and the Barthel Index","volume":"60","author":"CV Granger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"109","article-title":"Measurement of competence in the elderly living at home: Development of an index of competence","volume":"34","author":"W Koyano","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(91)90053-S","article-title":"Measurement of competence: reliability and validity of the TMIG Index of Competence","volume":"13","author":"W Koyano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glq231","article-title":"Relation of late-life social activity with incident disability among community-dwelling older adults","volume":"66","author":"BD James","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.135","article-title":"Association between late-life social activity and motor decline in older adults","volume":"169","author":"AS Buchman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref23","article-title":"Factors associated with self-rated oral health among community-dwelling older Japanese: A cross-sectional study","author":"Y Ohara","year":"2014","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6831-14-70","article-title":"Oral health conditions and cognitive functioning in middle and later adulthood","volume":"14","author":"S Listl","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(02)90246-4","article-title":"Higher dietary variety is associated with better nutritional status in frail elderly people","volume":"102","author":"MA Bernstein","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"M174","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/49.4.M174","article-title":"MDS Cognitive Performance Scale","volume":"49","author":"JN Morris","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1999.tb03848.x","article-title":"Development and testing of a five-item version of the Geriatric Depression Scale","volume":"47","author":"MT Hoyl","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2148","article-title":"Intellectual activity and likelihood of subsequently improving or maintaining instrumental activities of daily living functioning in community-dwelling older Japanese: a longitudinal study","volume":"24","author":"Y Fujiwara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0594.2003.00094.x","article-title":"Predictors for the onset of functional decline among initially non-disabled older people living in a community during a 6-year follow-up","volume":"3","author":"S Shinkai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2007.12.007","article-title":"Impact of mental health on daily living activities of Japanese elderly","volume":"46","author":"N Kondo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1444-0594.2003.00098.x","article-title":"Impact of history or onset of chronic medical conditions on higher-level functional capacity among older community-dwelling Japanese adults","volume":"3","author":"Y Fujiwara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geriatr Gerontol Int"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000095934","article-title":"High-level functional capacity and 4-year mortality in an 80-year-old population","volume":"53","author":"Y Takata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M275","article-title":"Frequency of going outdoors: a predictor of functional and psychosocial change among ambulatory frail elders living at home","volume":"59","author":"A Kono","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-14-93","article-title":"Risk factors of functional disability among community-dwelling elderly people by household in Japan: a prospective cohort study","volume":"14","author":"E Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e99638","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099638","article-title":"Social participation and the prevention of functional disability in older Japanese: the JAGES cohort study","volume":"9","author":"S Kanamori","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.59.8.676","article-title":"Social relationships and health","volume":"59","author":"S Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am Psychol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2188\/jea.JE20110057","article-title":"Relationship of hobby activities with mortality and frailty among community-dwelling elderly adults: results of a follow-up study in Japan","volume":"22","author":"Y Fushiki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948980260031001","article-title":"Prevalence of intellectual dysfunctioning and its correlates in a community-residing elderly population","volume":"26","author":"N Nakanishi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Scand J Soc Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2006.01.002","article-title":"Determinants of self-rated health: could health status explain the association between self-rated health and mortality?","volume":"43","author":"C Murata","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1095","article-title":"Effects of a firm purpose in life on anxiety and sympathetic nervous activity caused by emotional stress: assessment by psycho-physiological method","volume":"22","author":"R Ishida","year":"2006","journal-title":"Stress and Health"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53010.x","article-title":"Relationship between self-assessed masticatory disability and 9-year mortality in a cohort of community-residing elderly people","volume":"53","author":"N Nakanishi","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345930720011501","article-title":"Risk indicators and risk markers for periodontal disease experience in older adults living independently in Ontario, Canada","volume":"72","author":"D Locker","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1752-7325.2002.tb03421.x","article-title":"Risk indicators for periodontal disease in a remote Canadian community\u2014a dental practice-based study","volume":"62","author":"M Sbaraglia","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Public Health Dent"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.4.547-558.2000","article-title":"Systemic diseases caused by oral infection","volume":"13","author":"X Li","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.2004.00731.x","article-title":"Periodontal disease and C-reactive protein-associated cardiovascular risk","volume":"39","author":"F D'Aiuto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.59.3.371","article-title":"Interleukin-6 and risk of cognitive decline: MacArthur studies of successful aging","volume":"59","author":"JD Weaver","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(03)00718-5","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and cardiovascular disease (The Health, Aging and Body Composition [Health ABC] Study)","volume":"92","author":"M Cesari","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.7671","article-title":"Markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction and the 20-year cumulative incidence of early age-related macular degeneration: the Beaver Dam Eye Study","volume":"132","author":"R Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Ophthalmol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/59.3.M242","article-title":"Inflammatory markers and physical performance in older persons: the InCHIANTI study","volume":"59","author":"M Cesari","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glr246","article-title":"Oxidative damage, platelet activation, and inflammation to predict mobility disability and mortality in older persons: results from the health aging and body composition study","volume":"67","author":"M Cesari","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"CD004625","article-title":"Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults","volume":"11","author":"HV Worthington","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"Glossary of Periodontal Terms","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-13-1330","article-title":"Poor oral health, that is, decreased frequency of tooth brushing, is associated with endothelial dysfunction","volume":"78","author":"M Kajikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ J"},{"key":"ref54","first-page":"135","article-title":"Tooth brushing and oral health: how frequently and when should tooth brushing be performed?","volume":"3","author":"T Attin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Oral Health Prev Dent"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2842.2007.01741.x","article-title":"Evaluation of chewing and swallowing disorders among frail community-dwelling elderly individuals","volume":"34","author":"H Miura","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Oral Rehabil"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.139284","article-title":"Xerostomia due to systemic disease: a review of 20 conditions and mechanisms","volume":"4","author":"H Mortazavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Med Health Sci Res"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6801","article-title":"Masticatory deficiency as a risk factor for cognitive dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"FB Teixeira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s12017-011-8151-0","article-title":"Occlusal disharmony increases amyloid-\u03b2 in the rat hippocampus","volume":"13","author":"D Ekuni","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(97)00070-9","article-title":"The dietary variety score: assessing dietary quality in healthy young and older adults","volume":"97","author":"A Drewnowki","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.8.2192","article-title":"Inadequate nutrition intakes are common and are associated with low diet variety in rural, community-dwelling elderly","volume":"131","author":"TA Marshall","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696S","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2007.10719650","article-title":"Dietary protein and resistance training effects on muscle and body composition in older persons","volume":"26","author":"WW Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/79.2.289","article-title":"Antioxidants and physical performance in elderly persons: the invecchiare in Chianti (InCHIANTI) study","volume":"79","author":"M Cesari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(01)00432-2","article-title":"Relationships between dietary intake and cognitive function level in Korean elderly people","volume":"115","author":"L Lee","year":"2001","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1037\/0882-7974.13.4.553","article-title":"Sociodemographic variations in the sense of control by domein: findings from the MacArthur studies of midlife","volume":"13","author":"ME Lachman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychol Aging"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg074","article-title":"Estimating the relative risk in cohort studies and clinical trials of common outcomes","volume":"157","author":"LA McNutt","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.280.19.1690","article-title":"What\u2019s the relative risk? A method of correcting the odds ratio in cohort studies of common outcomes","volume":"280","author":"J Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg028","article-title":"Social engagement and disability in a community population of older adults: the New Haven EPESE","volume":"157","author":"CF Mendes de Leon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e31817e7e64","article-title":"Sense of life worth living (ikigai) and mortality in Japan: Ohsaki Study","volume":"70","author":"T Sone","year":"2008","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-015-0053-3","article-title":"Characteristics of dental care-seeking behavior and related sociodemographic factors in a middle-aged and elderly population in northeast China","volume":"15","author":"L Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137656","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T11:21:42Z","timestamp":1567164102000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137656"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Ojima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137656","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,11]]}}}