{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T21:24:09Z","timestamp":1792185849630,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1441843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137661","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]],"date-time":"2015-09-10T17:53:17Z","timestamp":1441907597000},"page":"e0137661","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Pili-Induced Clustering of N. gonorrhoeae Bacteria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Johannes","family":"Taktikos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen Ting","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Stark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Biais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasily","family":"Zaburdaev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.mi.37.100183.000501","article-title":"Twitching Motility","volume":"37","author":"J Henrichsen","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.56.012302.160938","article-title":"Type IV pili and twitching motility","volume":"56","author":"JS Mattick","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"6800","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1038\/35024105","article-title":"Pilus retraction powers bacterial twitching motility","volume":"407","author":"AJ Merz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00035-12","article-title":"Type IV pilin proteins: versatile molecular modules","volume":"76","author":"CL Giltner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178104","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.104.178104","article-title":"Multiple Pilus Motors Cooperate for Persistent Bacterial Movement in Two Dimensions","volume":"104","author":"C Holz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.07.061","article-title":"Uncovering the Mechanism of Trapping and Cell Orientation during Neisseria gonorrhoeae Twitching Motility","volume":"107","author":"V Zaburdaev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060087","article-title":"Cooperative Retraction of Bundled Type IV Pili Enables Nanonewton Force Generation","volume":"6","author":"N Biais","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6901","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.121171698","article-title":"Direct observation of extension and retraction of type IV pili","volume":"98","author":"JM Skerker","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16012","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.242523299","article-title":"Single pilus motor forces exceed 100 pN","volume":"99","author":"B Maier","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4759","article-title":"Bacterial twitching motility is coordinated by a two-dimensional tug-of-war with directional memory","volume":"5","author":"R Marathe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4743","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00687-07","article-title":"Dynamics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Attachment: Microcolony Development, Cortical Plaque Formation, and Cytoprotection","volume":"75","author":"DL Higashi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030100","article-title":"The N. gonorrhoeae type IV pilus stimulates mechanosensitive pathways and cytoprotection through a pilT-dependent mechanism","volume":"3","author":"HL Howie","year":"2005","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4084","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.032656-0","article-title":"Influence of type IV pilus retraction on the architecture of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae-infected cell cortex","volume":"155","author":"DL Higashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1999.01459.x","article-title":"Type IV pili of pathogenic Neisseriae elicit cortical plaque formation in epithelial cells","volume":"32","author":"AJ Merz","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2005.00551.x","article-title":"PilT is required for PI (3, 4, 5) P3-mediated crosstalk between Neisseria gonorrhoeae and epithelial cells","volume":"7","author":"SW Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4084","DOI":"10.1099\/mic.0.032656-0","article-title":"Influence of type IV pilus retraction on the architecture of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae-infected cell cortex","volume":"155","author":"DL Higashi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.2001.02629.x","article-title":"Structural alterations in a type IV pilus subunit protein result in concurrent defects in multicellular behaviour and adherence to host tissue","volume":"42","author":"HSM Park","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Oxygen governs gonococcal microcolony stability by enhancing the interaction force between type IV pili","author":"L Dewenter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Integrative Biology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"098102","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.108.098102","article-title":"Collective motion and nonequilibrium cluster formation in colonies of gliding bacteria","volume":"108","author":"F Peruani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.21.1.87-95.1978","article-title":"Effect of pH on the growth and glucose metabolism of Neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"21","author":"SA Morse","year":"1978","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1109261108","article-title":"Osmotic spreading of Bacillus subtilis biofilms driven by an extracellular matrix","volume":"109","author":"A Seminara","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3495(98)77880-4","article-title":"Physical Mechanisms for Chemotactic Pattern Formation by Bacteria","volume":"74","author":"MP Brenner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"051901","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.85.051901","article-title":"Collective dynamics of model microorganisms with chemotactic signaling","volume":"85","author":"J Taktikos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"gkp940","article-title":"The MiST2 database: a comprehensive genomics resource on microbial signal transduction","volume":"38","author":"LE Ulrich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-9-75","article-title":"The RAST Server: Rapid Annotations using Subsystems Technology","volume":"9","author":"R Aziz","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.55.1.165","article-title":"Quorum sensing in bacteria","volume":"55","author":"MB Miller","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"016019","article-title":"Numerical Simulation of the Twitching Motility of Bacterium Crawling on a Solid Surface","volume":"1","author":"R Morikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"JPS Conf Proc"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"061904","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.78.061904","article-title":"Macroscopic dynamics of biological cells interacting via chemotaxis and direct contact","volume":"78","author":"PM Lushnikov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Rev E"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2012.03.004","article-title":"Collective motion","volume":"517","author":"T Vicsek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Phys Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e253","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030253","article-title":"Social interactions in myxobacterial swarming","volume":"3","author":"Y Wu","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Kinetic Description for Formation and Dissolution of Living Colonies","author":"C Weber","year":"2014","journal-title":"submitted"},{"issue":"5418","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5418.1318","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: a common cause of persistent infections","volume":"284","author":"J Costerton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro821","article-title":"Bacterial biofilms: from the Natural environment to infectious diseases","volume":"2","author":"L Hall-Stoodley","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2958.1998.01062.x","article-title":"Flagellar and twitching motility are necessary for Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm development","volume":"30","author":"GA O\u2019Toole","year":"1998","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2006.07.004","article-title":"Type IV pilus structure by cryo-electron microscopy and crystallography: implications for pilus assembly and functions","volume":"23","author":"L Craig","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1006\/jcis.1996.0217","article-title":"Methods of digital video microscopy for colloidal studies","volume":"179","author":"JC Crocker","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137661","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,8]],"date-time":"2020-09-08T04:58:31Z","timestamp":1599541111000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137661"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stuart","family":"Humphries","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0137661","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,10]]}}}