{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:59:21Z","timestamp":1787021961390,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]],"date-time":"2015-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1442880000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138685","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]],"date-time":"2015-09-22T14:17:05Z","timestamp":1442931425000},"page":"e0138685","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Directed Communication between Nucleus Accumbens and Neocortex in Humans Is Differentially Supported by Synchronization in the Theta and Alpha Band"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"J\u00f6rn M.","family":"Horschig","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruud","family":"Smolders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Bonnefond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Mathijs","family":"Schoffelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pepijn","family":"van den Munckhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Richard","family":"Schuurman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roshan","family":"Cools","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Damiaan","family":"Denys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ole","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.122","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens for treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"67","author":"D Denys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2009.11.006","article-title":"Unilateral deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens in patients with treatment-resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: Outcomes after one year","volume":"112","author":"W Huff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-7091-1482-7_9","article-title":"Active stimulation site of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder is localized in the ventral internal capsule","volume":"117","author":"P van den Munckhof","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Neurochir Suppl"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.44","article-title":"Long-term effects of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation in treatment-resistant depression: evidence for sustained efficacy","volume":"37","author":"BH Bewernick","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Off Publ Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.2010.01625.x","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in the treatment of depression","volume":"123","author":"P Blomstedt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.3109\/15622975.2011.583940","article-title":"Neuropsychological safety of nucleus accumbens deep brain stimulation for major depression: effects of 12-month stimulation","volume":"12","author":"C Grubert","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry Off J World Fed Soc Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-9256-1-17","article-title":"The nucleus accumbens: a target for deep brain stimulation in resistant major depressive disorder","volume":"1","author":"C Nauczyciel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00018-8","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for major depression","volume":"116","author":"TE Schlaepfer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2009.04.028","article-title":"Treatment resistant depression as a failure of brain homeostatic mechanisms: implications for deep brain stimulation","volume":"219","author":"P Giacobbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2011.114","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation in addiction: a review of potential brain targets","volume":"17","author":"J Luigjes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3214-6","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of addiction: basic and clinical studies and potential mechanisms of action","volume":"229","author":"RC Pierce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21062","article-title":"Good Vibrations: Cross-frequency Coupling in the Human Nucleus Accumbens during Reward Processing","volume":"21","author":"MX Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7591","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5335-08.2009","article-title":"Nuclei Accumbens Phase Synchrony Predicts Decision-Making Reversals Following Negative Feedback","volume":"29","author":"MX Cohen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.02.006","article-title":"Intracranial EEG correlates of expectancy and memory formation in the human hippocampus and nucleus accumbens","volume":"65","author":"N Axmacher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e32834b2975","article-title":"Neuronal and oscillatory activity during reward processing in the human ventral striatum","volume":"22","author":"BC Lega","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21195","article-title":"Top-down-directed synchrony from medial frontal cortex to nucleus accumbens during reward anticipation","volume":"33","author":"MX Cohen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041","article-title":"Parallel Organization of Functionally Segregated Circuits Linking Basal Ganglia and Cortex","volume":"9","author":"GE Alexander","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchemneu.2003.10.003","article-title":"The primate basal ganglia: parallel and integrative networks","volume":"26","author":"SN Haber","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chem Neuroanat"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1006\/brcg.1999.1099","article-title":"Basal Ganglia Output and Cognition: Evidence from Anatomical, Behavioral, and Clinical Studies","volume":"42","author":"FA Middleton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.3758\/CABN.1.2.137","article-title":"Interactions between frontal cortex and basal ganglia in working memory: a computational model","volume":"1","author":"MJ Frank","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2007.2055","article-title":"Towards an executive without a homunculus: computational models of the prefrontal cortex\/basal ganglia system","volume":"362","author":"TE Hazy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1162\/089976606775093909","article-title":"Making working memory work: a computational model of learning in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia","volume":"18","author":"RC O\u2019Reilly","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9910","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1111-10.2010","article-title":"The human basal ganglia modulate frontal-posterior connectivity during attention shifting","volume":"30","author":"MR van Schouwenburg","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.12.018","article-title":"Alpha activity reflects individual abilities to adapt to the environment","volume":"89","author":"JM Horschig","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"59","article-title":"A metric for distributions with applications to image databases","author":"Y Rubner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sixth International Conference on Computer Vision, 1998"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"166","article-title":"Color edge detection with the compass operator","volume":"2","author":"M Ruzon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 1999 IEEE Computer Society Conference on"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(89)90180-6","article-title":"Spherical splines for scalp potential and current density mapping","volume":"72","author":"F Perrin","year":"1989","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156869","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869","article-title":"FieldTrip: Open source software for advanced analysis of MEG, EEG, and invasive electrophysiological data","volume":"2011","author":"R Oostenveld","year":"2011","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0079-6107(89)90004-7","article-title":"The Fourier approach to the identification of functional coupling between neuronal spike trains","volume":"53","author":"JR Rosenberg","year":"1989","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.2307\/1912791","article-title":"Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods","volume":"37","author":"CWJ Granger","year":"1969","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Modern mathematics for the engineer","author":"N Wiener","year":"1956"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1984.10477110","article-title":"Measures of Conditional Linear Dependence and Feedback Between Time Series","volume":"79","author":"JF Geweke","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"ref33","first-page":"437","article-title":"Handbook of Time Series Analysis","author":"M Ding","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.02.020","article-title":"Analyzing information flow in brain networks with nonparametric Granger causality","volume":"41","author":"M Dhamala","year":"2008","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"018701","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.100.018701","article-title":"Estimating Granger causality from fourier and wavelet transforms of time series data","volume":"100","author":"M Dhamala","year":"2008","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1137\/0123044","article-title":"The Factorization of Matricial Spectral Densities","volume":"23","author":"GT Wilson","year":"1972","journal-title":"SIAM J Appl Math"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.03.024","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of EEG- and MEG-data","volume":"164","author":"E Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2007.02.011","article-title":"Nonparametric statistical testing of coherence differences","volume":"163","author":"E Maris","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.9.2.164","article-title":"Beyond the F test: Effect size confidence intervals and tests of close fit in the analysis of variance and contrast analysis","volume":"9","author":"JH Steiger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223082","article-title":"The pulvinar regulates information transmission between cortical areas based on attention demands","volume":"337","author":"YB Saalmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Thalamic pathways underlying prefrontal cortex\u2013medial temporal lobe oscillatory interactions","author":"NA Ketz","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Selective Attentional Enhancement and Inhibition of Fronto-Posterior Connectivity by the Basal Ganglia During Attention Switching","author":"MR van Schouwenburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex N Y N 1991"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6200","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-14-06200.1999","article-title":"Interdependence of Multiple Theta Generators in the Hippocampus: a Partial Coherence Analysis","volume":"19","author":"B Kocsis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(80)90011-5","article-title":"Relative contributions of intracortical and thalamo-cortical processes in the generation of alpha rhythms, revealed by partial coherence analysis","volume":"50","author":"FH Lopes da Silva","year":"1980","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1649","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.222","article-title":"Neuroelectric Signatures of Reward Learning and Decision-Making in the Human Nucleus Accumbens","volume":"34","author":"MX Cohen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X00003253","article-title":"Toward a quantitative description of large-scale neocortical dynamic function and EEG","volume":"23","author":"PL Nunez","year":"2000","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2004.10.003","article-title":"Functional diversity and specificity of neostriatal interneurons","volume":"14","author":"JM Tepper","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4851","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-07-04851.1995","article-title":"The orbital and medial prefrontal circuit through the primate basal ganglia","volume":"15","author":"SN Haber","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci Off J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2008.09.013","article-title":"The cortico-basal ganglia integrative network: The role of the thalamus","volume":"78","author":"SN Haber","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20517","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0810524105","article-title":"Dynamic cross-frequency couplings of local field potential oscillations in rat striatum and hippocampus during performance of a T-maze task","volume":"105","author":"ABL Tort","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"310","article-title":"The hippocampus: hub of brain network communication for memory","volume":"15","author":"FP Battaglia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5354","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0131-09.2009","article-title":"Nucleus Accumbens Deep Brain Stimulation Produces Region-Specific Alterations in Local Field Potential Oscillations and Evoked Responses In Vivo","volume":"29","author":"CB McCracken","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12601","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3750-07.2007","article-title":"High-Frequency Deep Brain Stimulation of the Nucleus Accumbens Region Suppresses Neuronal Activity and Selectively Modulates Afferent Drive in Rat Orbitofrontal Cortex In Vivo","volume":"27","author":"CB McCracken","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.05.005","article-title":"Increases in Functional Connectivity between Prefrontal Cortex and Striatum during Category Learning","volume":"83","author":"EG Antzoulatos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.03.012","article-title":"Deep Brain Stimulation Targeted at the Nucleus Accumbens Decreases the Potential for Pathologic Network Communication","volume":"74","author":"R Smolders","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"154","article-title":"The Role of Alpha-Band Brain Oscillations as a Sensory Suppression Mechanism during Selective Attention","volume":"2","author":"JJ Foxe","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.03.002","article-title":"An oscillatory mechanism for prioritizing salient unattended stimuli","volume":"16","author":"O Jensen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00186","article-title":"Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: gating by inhibition","volume":"4","author":"O Jensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00056-3","article-title":"EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis","volume":"29","author":"W Klimesch","year":"1999","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003","article-title":"EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis","volume":"53","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2012.10.007","article-title":"\u03b1-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information","volume":"16","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.032","article-title":"Closing the Gate in the Limbic Striatum: Prefrontal Suppression of Hippocampal and Thalamic Inputs","volume":"78","author":"GG Calhoon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4458-09.2010","article-title":"Striatal Prediction Error Modulates Cortical Coupling","volume":"30","author":"HEM den Ouden","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3344","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation restores frontostriatal network activity in obsessive-compulsive disorder","volume":"16","author":"M Figee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138685","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T15:11:57Z","timestamp":1748617917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138685"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Daniele","family":"Marinazzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0138685","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,9,22]]}}}