{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:23:30Z","timestamp":1772785410065,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]],"date-time":"2015-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444694400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139439","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,14]],"date-time":"2015-10-14T00:21:37Z","timestamp":1444782097000},"page":"e0139439","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Rapid Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonism in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients with High Gonadotropin Levels in the AGRA Trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","clinical-trial-number":[{"clinical-trial-number":"nct00667758","registry":"10.18810\/clinical-trials-gov"}],"author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"K\u00e5ss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Hollan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Morten Wang","family":"Fagerland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hans Christian","family":"Gulseth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter Abusdal","family":"Torjesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00d8ystein Torleiv","family":"F\u00f8rre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2011.200059","article-title":"Early menopause is an independent risk factor of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"71","author":"M Pikwer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.115964","article-title":"Postpartum onset of rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic arthritides: results from a patient register linked to a medical birth registry","volume":"69","author":"M Wallenius","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(08)70217-1","article-title":"Role of oestrogen in the development of joint symptoms?","volume":"9","author":"AL Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-0172(03)00084-2","article-title":"Estrogen and other female reproductive risk factors are not strongly associated with the development of rheumatoid arthritis in elderly women","volume":"33","author":"LA Merlino","year":"2003","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24003","article-title":"Disease activity of rheumatoid arthritis during pregnancy: results from a nationwide prospective study","volume":"59","author":"YA de Man","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91770-U","article-title":"Controlled trial of fasting and one-year vegetarian diet in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"338","author":"J Kjeldsen-Kragh","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1202-801","article-title":"The neuropeptides GnRH-II and GnRH-1 are produced by human T cells and trigger laminin receptor gene expression, adhesion, chemotaxis and homing to specific organs","volume":"8","author":"A Chen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.133.1.8319570","article-title":"Immunoactivation enhances the concentration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone peptide and its gene expression in human peripheral T-lymphocytes","volume":"133","author":"N Azad","year":"1993","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-128-2-1073","article-title":"Blockade of central and peripheral luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptors in neonatal rats with a potent LHRH-antagonist inhibits the morphofunctional development of the thymus and maturation of the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses","volume":"128","author":"MC Morale","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"743","article-title":"Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells express gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), GnRH receptor, and interleukin-2 receptor \u03b3-chain messenger ribonucleic acids that are regulated by GnRH in vitro","volume":"84","author":"HF Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-129-1-277","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone signaling at the lymphocyte involves stimulation of interleukin-2 receptor expression","volume":"129","author":"N Batticane","year":"1991","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1760293","article-title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis: immune function and autoimmunity","volume":"176","author":"F Tanriverdi","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)91322-H","article-title":"Human thymocytes secrete luteinizing hormone: an autocrine regulator of T-cell proliferation","volume":"187","author":"P Sabharwal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biochem and Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14925","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0606805103","article-title":"Follicle-stimulating hormone stimulates TNF production from immune cells to enhance osteoblast and osteoclast formation","volume":"103","author":"J Iqbal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"2459","article-title":"Anti-androgen treatment of prostatic carcinoma may be a risk factor for development of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"29","author":"J Pope","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3109\/03009742.2013.825007","article-title":"Short-term treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist, cetrorelix, in rheumatoid arthritis (AGRA): a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"43","author":"AS Kass","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq127","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of rheumatoid arthritis in southern Sweden 2008 and their relation to prescribed biologics","volume":"49","author":"M Englund","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rheumatology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R7","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2591","article-title":"Women, men and rheumatoid arthritis; analyses of disease activity, disease characteristics, and treatments in the QUEST-RA study","volume":"11","author":"T Sokka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302","article-title":"The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"31","author":"FC Arnett","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.084459","article-title":"Validation of the 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and European League Against Rheumatism response criteria based on c-reactive protein against disease progression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and comparison with the DAS28 based on erythrocyte sedimentation rate","volume":"68","author":"G Wells","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780380602","article-title":"American College of Rheumatology: preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"38","author":"DT Felson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390105","article-title":"Development and validation of the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: comparison with the preliminary American College of Rheumatology and the World Health Organization\/International League Against Rheumatism Criteria","volume":"39","author":"AM van Gestel","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.3109\/03009740903270607","article-title":"The association of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone with cytokines and markers of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study","volume":"39","author":"AS Kass","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3531","article-title":"Recommended tests for association in 2 x 2 tables","volume":"28","author":"S Lydersen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21289","article-title":"LHRH antagonist cetrorelix reduces prostate size and gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and growth factors in a rat model of benign prostatic hyperplasia","volume":"71","author":"FG Rick","year":"2011","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-10-0829","article-title":"Luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH)-I antagonist cetrorelix inhibits myeloma growth in vitro and in vivo","volume":"10","author":"J Wen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Ther"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2003-0512","article-title":"Modulation of diabetes with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists in the nonobese mouse model of autoimmune diabetes","volume":"145","author":"MA Ansari","year":"2004","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/27.6.440","article-title":"Prolonged hypogonadism in male patients with rheumatoid arthritis during flares in disease activity","volume":"27","author":"D Gordon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70174-5","article-title":"Sex hormone adjuvant therapy in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"26","author":"M Cutolo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200001)43:1<22::AID-ANR4>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Factors predicting response to treatment in rheumatoid arthritis: the importance of disease duration","volume":"43","author":"JJ Andersson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139439","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,31]],"date-time":"2025-05-31T01:03:33Z","timestamp":1748653413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139439"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Cornelis B","family":"Lambalk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139439","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,13]]}}}