{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T00:22:11Z","timestamp":1772065331501,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446595200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139876","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]],"date-time":"2015-11-04T19:00:27Z","timestamp":1446663627000},"page":"e0139876","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness and Cost Thresholds of Generic and Brand Drugs in a National Chronic Hepatitis B Treatment Program in China"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mehlika","family":"Toy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David W.","family":"Hutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samuel K.","family":"So","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9573","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60723-5","article-title":"Hepatitis B in China","volume":"369","author":"J Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Globocan. 2012. Available: http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcancer.2010.11.002","article-title":"Liver cancer epidemic in China: past, present and future","volume":"21","author":"JG Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Seminars in cancer biology"},{"issue":"47","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.08.048","article-title":"Epidemiological serosurvey of hepatitis B in China\u2014declining HBV prevalence due to hepatitis B vaccination","volume":"27","author":"X Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23310","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of nationwide hepatitis B catch-up vaccination among children and adolescents in China","volume":"51","author":"DW Hutton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26934","article-title":"Population health impact and cost-effectiveness of monitoring inactive chronic hepatitis B and treating eligible patients in Shanghai, China","volume":"60","author":"M Toy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1187","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21612","article-title":"HBsAg seroclearance in asymptomatic carriers of high endemic areas: appreciably high rates during a long-term follow-up","volume":"45","author":"CM Chu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-10-200505170-00007","article-title":"Treatment alternatives for chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a cost-effectiveness analysis","volume":"142","author":"F Kanwal","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2005.03813.x","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region and Africa: review of disease progression","volume":"20","author":"X Lin","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23348","article-title":"Age-specific prognosis following spontaneous hepatitis B e antigen seroconversion in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"51","author":"YC Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2008.07.008","article-title":"HBsAg Seroclearance in chronic hepatitis B in Asian patients: replicative level and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"135","author":"MF Yuen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2009.187","article-title":"Incidence and risk factors of progression to cirrhosis in inactive carriers of hepatitis B virus","volume":"104","author":"CM Chu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.1.65","article-title":"Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level","volume":"295","author":"CJ Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.01.042","article-title":"Carriers of inactive hepatitis B virus are still at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death","volume":"138","author":"JD Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.11.011","article-title":"Natural history of chronic hepatitis B: special emphasis on disease progression and prognostic factors","volume":"48","author":"G Fattovich","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa033364","article-title":"Lamivudine for patients with chronic hepatitis B and advanced liver disease","volume":"351","author":"YF Liaw","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2008.01717.x","article-title":"Potential and limitations of lamivudine monotherapy in chronic hepatitis B: evidence from genotyping","volume":"28","author":"PT Kennedy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051285","article-title":"A comparison of entecavir and lamivudine for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B","volume":"354","author":"TT Chang","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1086\/368083","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of YMDD variants during lamivudine therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis B","volume":"36","author":"CL Lai","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00613.x","article-title":"Response to long-term lamivudine treatment (up to 5 years) in patients with severe chronic hepatitis B, role of genotype and drug resistance","volume":"12","author":"DN Moskovitz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1385","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21189","article-title":"Increased risk of adefovir resistance in patients with lamivudine-resistant chronic hepatitis B after 48 weeks of adefovir dipivoxil monotherapy","volume":"43","author":"YS Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350601100604","article-title":"Virological response and incidence of adefovir resistance in lamivudine-resistant patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil","volume":"11","author":"CH Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.077099","article-title":"Resistance to adefovir dipivoxil in lamivudine resistant chronic hepatitis B patients treated with adefovir dipivoxil","volume":"55","author":"JE Yeon","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(07)62379-4","article-title":"Four year assessment of entecavir resistance in nucleoside na\u00efve and lamivudine refractory patients","volume":"46","author":"RJ Colonno","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21422","article-title":"Entecavir resistance is rare in nucleoside naive patients with hepatitis B","volume":"44","author":"RJ Colonno","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22841","article-title":"Long-term monitoring shows hepatitis B virus resistance to entecavir in nucleoside-naive patients is rare through 5 years of therapy","volume":"49","author":"DJ Tenney","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043470","article-title":"Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B","volume":"352","author":"GK Lau","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2169","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.03.006","article-title":"Sustained response of hepatitis B e antigen-negative patients 3 years after treatment with peginterferon alpha-2a","volume":"136","author":"P Marcellin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2003.00450.x","article-title":"Peginterferon alpha-2a (40 kDa): an advance in the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B","volume":"10","author":"WG Cooksley","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-007-9022-5","article-title":"Sustained response to peginterferon alfa-2a (40 kD) with or without lamivudine in Asian patients with HBeAg-positive and HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B","volume":"2","author":"T Piratvisuth","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.10.011","article-title":"Three-year efficacy and safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate treatment for chronic hepatitis B","volume":"140","author":"EJ Heathcote","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2007.12.006","article-title":"Potency of tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B: mono or combination therapy?","volume":"48","author":"JG Reijnders","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e98865","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0098865","article-title":"Comparison of efficacy and safety of tenofovir and entecavir in chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"W Ke","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26277","article-title":"Efficacy of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate at 240 weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis B with high baseline viral load","volume":"58","author":"SC Gordon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2010.223206","article-title":"Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate rescue therapy following failure of both lamivudine and adefovir dipivoxil in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"60","author":"SJ Patterson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.5009\/gnl.2014.8.1.64","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tenofovir-based rescue therapy for chronic hepatitis B patients with previous nucleo(s\/t)ide treatment failure","volume":"8","author":"CI Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut and liver"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20464","article-title":"Comparison of adefovir and tenofovir in the treatment of lamivudine-resistant hepatitis B virus infection","volume":"40","author":"F van Bommel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"National Bureau of Statistics of China. Available: http:\/\/www.stats.gov.cn\/english<\/ext-link> [cited 2010]."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"China Liver Transplant Registry. Available: http:\/\/www.cltr.org<\/ext-link> [cited 2010]."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200725010-00002","article-title":"Rates and probabilities in economic modelling: transformation, translation and appropriate application","volume":"25","author":"RL Fleurence","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with oral antiviral therapy retain a higher risk for HCC compared with patients with inactive stage disease","author":"JY Cho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.001","article-title":"Clinical Practice Guidelines: Management of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"50","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-008-9080-3","article-title":"Asian-Pacific consensus statement on the management of chronic hepatitis B: a 2008 update","author":"YF Liaw","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23190","article-title":"Chronic hepatitis B: update 2009","volume":"50","author":"AS Lok","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-009-9140-3","article-title":"HBeAg seroconversion as an important end point in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B","volume":"3","author":"YF Liaw","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.10.017","article-title":"Relapse of hepatitis B in HBeAg-negative chronic hepatitis B patients who discontinued successful entecavir treatment: The case for continuous antiviral therapy","volume":"50","author":"D Shouval","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.03.059","article-title":"Nucleos(t)ide Analogues Only Induce Temporary Hepatitis B e Antigen Seroconversion in Most Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B","volume":"139","author":"JG Reijnders","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2010.06.042","article-title":"Tenofovir and entecavir are the most effective antiviral agents for chronic hepatitis B: a systematic review and Bayesian meta-analyses","volume":"139","author":"G Woo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"10 Suppl","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S175","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200411003-00010","article-title":"Cost of chronic hepatitis B infection in China","volume":"38","author":"G Zhiqiang","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00297.x","article-title":"The impact of chronic hepatitis B on quality of life: a multinational study of utilities from infected and uninfected persons","volume":"11","author":"AR Levy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO guide to cost-effectiveness. 2003."},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"T. WB. China Overview. 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.2217\/fvl.13.11","article-title":"Viral hepatitis in resource-limited countries and access to antiviral therapies: current and future challenges","volume":"8","author":"M Lemoine","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future virology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref54","first-page":"1346","article-title":"Improving China's antiretroviral treatment program: assessing current and future performance using the principals of ethics","volume":"122","author":"WY Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chinese medical journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55","article-title":"Analysis of length of stay and clinical prognosis and influencing factors for inpatients with hepatitis B under different health insurance schemes","volume":"5","author":"N LI","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Helath Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.02.035","article-title":"Incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving nucleos(t)ide therapy: a systematic review","volume":"53","author":"GV Papatheodoridis","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139876","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,25]],"date-time":"2022-05-25T05:29:02Z","timestamp":1653456542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139876"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Do Young","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139876","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,4]]}}}