{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T01:16:38Z","timestamp":1773796598296,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444089600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139905","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]],"date-time":"2015-10-06T18:00:37Z","timestamp":1444154437000},"page":"e0139905","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Development of Human-Like scFv-Fc Neutralizing Botulinum Neurotoxin E"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Miethe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Rasetti-Escargueil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arnaud","family":"Avril","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yvonne","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Siham","family":"Chahboun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hannu","family":"Korkeala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christelle","family":"Mazuet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michel-Robert","family":"Popoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thibaut","family":"Pelat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Thullier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Sesardic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Hust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1167","DOI":"10.1086\/444507","article-title":"Botulism","volume":"41","author":"J Sobel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"45","article-title":"Uptake of botulinum neurotoxin in the intestine","volume":"364","author":"Y Fujinaga","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2013.02.006","article-title":"Botulinum toxins: mechanisms of action, antinociception and clinical applications","volume":"306","author":"A Wheeler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/167.2.451","article-title":"A massive outbreak of type E botulism associated with traditional salted fish in Cairo","volume":"167","author":"JT Weber","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/23.2.337","article-title":"Experience with the use of an investigational F(ab\u2019)2 heptavalent botulism immune globulin of equine origin during an outbreak of type E botulism in Egypt","volume":"23","author":"RG Hibbs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis Off Publ Infect Dis Soc Am"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"20034","article-title":"Two cases of food-borne botulism in Finland caused by conserved olives, October 2011","volume":"16","author":"K Jalava","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveill Bull Eur Sur Mal Transm Eur Commun Dis Bull"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"20035","article-title":"Two outbreaks of botulism associated with consumption of green olive paste, France, September 2011","volume":"16","author":"JM Pingeon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Euro Surveill Bull Eur Sur Mal Transm Eur Commun Dis Bull"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-14-192","article-title":"Distinguishing highly-related outbreak-associated Clostridium botulinum type A(B) strains","volume":"14","author":"BH Raphael","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000187127.92446.4c","article-title":"Adult botulism type F in the United States, 1981\u20132002","volume":"65","author":"A Gupta","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.8.1059","article-title":"Botulinum toxin as a biological weapon: medical and public health management","volume":"285","author":"SS Arnon","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.3.6.17621","article-title":"Antibodies for biodefense","volume":"3","author":"JW Froude","year":"2011","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Bozheyeva G, Kunakbayev Y, Yeleukenov D. Former Soviet Biological Weapons Facilities in Kazakhstan: Past, Present, and Future. Montrerey Inst Int Stud. 1999;Occasional Paper No. 1."},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Broad WJ. SOWING DEATH: A special report.; How Japan Germ Terror Alerted World. The New York Times. 26 May 1998. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/26\/world\/sowing-death-a-special-report-how-japan-germ-terror-alerted-world.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/1998\/05\/26\/world\/sowing-death-a-special-report-how-japan-germ-terror-alerted-world.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed 22 Sep 2014."},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9984","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0408526102","article-title":"Analyzing a bioterror attack on the food supply: the case of botulinum toxin in milk","volume":"102","author":"LM Wein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2010.526943","article-title":"Type E botulism","volume":"48","author":"BZ Horowitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol Phila Pa"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.46.1.86-94.1982","article-title":"Bacterial toxins: a table of lethal amounts","volume":"46","author":"DM Gill","year":"1982","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02942-14","article-title":"An atypical outbreak of food-borne botulism due to Clostridium botulinum types B and E from ham","volume":"53","author":"C Mazuet","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.2.717","article-title":"Neurotoxins affecting neuroexocytosis","volume":"80","author":"G Schiavo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M707917200","article-title":"Molecular architecture of botulinum neurotoxin E revealed by single particle electron microscopy","volume":"283","author":"A Fischer","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2510","DOI":"10.1021\/bi902096r","article-title":"Molecular basis of activation of endopeptidase activity of botulinum neurotoxin type E","volume":"49","author":"RV Kukreja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.44.101802.121554","article-title":"Identification of the major steps in botulinum toxin action","volume":"44","author":"LL Simpson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-0335-0_32","article-title":"Tetanus and botulism neurotoxins: a novel group of zinc-endopeptidases","volume":"389","author":"F Tonello","year":"1996","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6615-2","article-title":"Botulinum toxin therapy: its use for neurological disorders of the autonomic nervous system","volume":"260","author":"D Dressler","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.149","article-title":"Use of botulinum toxin in the neurology clinic","volume":"6","author":"ECH Lim","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"299","article-title":"Investigational heptavalent botulinum antitoxin (HBAT) to replace licensed botulinum antitoxin AB and investigational botulinum antitoxin E","volume":"59","year":"2010","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000256442.06231.17","article-title":"Infant botulism and treatment with BIG-IV (BabyBIG)","volume":"26","author":"SS Long","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa051926","article-title":"Human botulism immune globulin for the treatment of infant botulism","volume":"354","author":"SS Arnon","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90469-6","article-title":"Hypersensitivity reactions associated with botulinal antitoxin","volume":"69","author":"RE Black","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5450","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.9.5450-5457.2005","article-title":"Sequence variation within botulinum neurotoxin serotypes impacts antibody binding and neutralization","volume":"73","author":"TJ Smith","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.2.5.12545","article-title":"A comparison of human and macaque (Macaca mulatta) immunoglobulin germline V regions and its implications for antibody engineering","volume":"2","author":"P Thullier","year":"2010","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6625","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006625","article-title":"Identification of a putative Crf splice variant and generation of recombinant antibodies for the specific detection of Aspergillus fumigatus","volume":"4","author":"M Sch\u00fctte","year":"2009","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.28170","article-title":"Human-like antibodies neutralizing Western equine encephalitis virus","volume":"6","author":"B H\u00fclseweh","year":"2014","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e37242","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037242","article-title":"Isolation and characterisation of a human-like antibody fragment (scFv) that inactivates VEEV in vitro and in vivo","volume":"7","author":"T R\u00fclker","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2004.03.040","article-title":"A high-affinity macaque antibody Fab with human-like framework regions obtained from a small phage display immune library","volume":"41","author":"S Chassagne","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-9-60","article-title":"Isolation of a human-like antibody fragment (scFv) that neutralizes ricin biological activity","volume":"9","author":"T Pelat","year":"2009","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.8.3414-3420.2005","article-title":"Selection of a macaque Fab with framework regions like those in humans, high affinity, and ability to neutralize the protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis by binding to the segment of PA between residues 686 and 694","volume":"49","author":"E Laffly","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2758","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01528-06","article-title":"High-affinity, human antibody-like antibody fragment (single-chain variable fragment) neutralizing the lethal factor (LF) of Bacillus anthracis by inhibiting protective antigen-LF complex formation","volume":"51","author":"T Pelat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.27773","article-title":"Development of neutralizing scFv-Fc against botulinum neurotoxin A light chain from a macaque immune library","volume":"6","author":"S Miethe","year":"2014","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.4.1214-1218.1997","article-title":"Epitope regions in the heavy chain of Clostridium botulinum type E neurotoxin recognized by monoclonal antibodies","volume":"63","author":"T Kubota","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1093\/protein\/gzq111","article-title":"Neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies binding multiple serotypes of botulinum neurotoxin","volume":"24","author":"C Garcia-Rodriguez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Protein Eng Des Sel PEDS"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2012.08.005","article-title":"Engineered domain-based assays to identify individual antibodies in oligoclonal combinations targeting the same protein","volume":"430","author":"Q Meng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"USDA. Animal Welfare Act and Animal Welfare Regulations. U.S. Government Printing Office; 2013."},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1633","DOI":"10.2174\/138955709791012283","article-title":"Obtention and engineering of non-human primate (NHP) antibodies for therapeutics","volume":"9","author":"T Pelat","year":"2009","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s12896-015-0125-0","article-title":"Generation and analysis of the improved human HAL9\/10 antibody phage display libraries","volume":"15","author":"J K\u00fcgler","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4431","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/13.12.4431","article-title":"Improved oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis using M13 vectors","volume":"13","author":"P Carter","year":"1985","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-13-52","article-title":"High level transient production of recombinant antibodies and antibody fusion proteins in HEK293 cells","volume":"13","author":"V J\u00e4ger","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0356","article-title":"Analysis of mass transport-limited binding kinetics in evanescent wave biosensors","volume":"240","author":"P Schuck","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal Biochem"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2007.09.014","article-title":"Development of improved SNAP25 endopeptidase immuno-assays for botulinum type A and E toxins","volume":"329","author":"RGA Jones","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6750-11-113","article-title":"Isolation of a nanomolar scFv inhibiting the endopeptidase activity of botulinum toxin A, by single-round panning of an immune phage-displayed library of macaque origin","volume":"11","author":"S Chahboun","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.01.019","article-title":"Measurement of botulinum types A, B and E neurotoxicity using the phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm: improved precision with in-bred mice","volume":"53","author":"C Rasetti-Escargueil","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicon Off J Int Soc Toxinology"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2011.04.003","article-title":"Phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragm as a highly sensitive replacement assay for determination of functional botulinum toxin antibodies","volume":"57","author":"C Rasetti-Escargueil","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxicon Off J Int Soc Toxinology"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins3111433","article-title":"Antibodies against anthrax: mechanisms of action and clinical applications","volume":"3","author":"JW Froude","year":"2011","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-013-9669-1","article-title":"In vivo neutralization of botulinum neurotoxins serotype E with heavy-chain camelid antibodies (VHH)","volume":"55","author":"H Bakherad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.12.041","article-title":"The humanness of macaque antibody sequences","volume":"396","author":"P Thullier","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65855","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065855","article-title":"Mapping the epitopes of a neutralizing antibody fragment directed against the lethal factor of Bacillus anthracis and cross-reacting with the homologous edema factor","volume":"8","author":"P Thullier","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.2174\/15701638113109990030","article-title":"Isolation of antibodies from non-human primates for clinical use","volume":"11","author":"A Avril","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Drug Discov Technol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2005.01.001","article-title":"Immunogenicity of engineered antibodies","volume":"36","author":"WYK Hwang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Methods San Diego Calif"},{"key":"ref59","first-page":"1119","article-title":"\u201cSuperhumanized\u201d antibodies: reduction of immunogenic potential by complementarity-determining region grafting with human germline sequences: application to an anti-CD28","volume":"169","author":"P Tan","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Immunol Baltim Md 1950"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiotec.2010.09.945","article-title":"A human scFv antibody generation pipeline for proteome research","volume":"152","author":"M Hust","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-6749(03)01861-X","article-title":"Allergic asthma and an anti-CD23 mAb (IDEC\u2013152): results of a phase I, single-dose, dose-escalating clinical trial","volume":"112","author":"LJ Rosenwasser","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref62","first-page":"163","article-title":"Lumiliximab (IDEC\u2013152), an anti-CD23 antibody, induces apoptosis in vitro and in vivo in CLL cells","volume":"2004","author":"NI Pathan","year":"2004","journal-title":"AACR Meet Abstr"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.4161\/mabs.1.4.8635","article-title":"Non-human primate immune libraries combined with germline humanization: an (almost) new, and powerful approach for the isolation of therapeutic antibodies","volume":"1","author":"T Pelat","year":"2009","journal-title":"mAbs"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2008.10.033","article-title":"Germline humanization of a non-human primate antibody that neutralizes the anthrax toxin, by in vitro and in silico engineering","volume":"384","author":"T Pelat","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139905","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,9]],"date-time":"2020-09-09T08:14:14Z","timestamp":1599639254000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139905"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ellen R","family":"Goldman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0139905","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,6]]}}}