{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:38:12Z","timestamp":1788514692858,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1444867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0140332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]],"date-time":"2015-10-15T14:14:24Z","timestamp":1444918464000},"page":"e0140332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Babesiosis Occurrence among the Elderly in the United States, as Recorded in Large Medicare Databases during 2006\u20132013"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Mikhail","family":"Menis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Forshee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjai","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"McKean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rob","family":"Warnock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hector S.","family":"Izurieta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahul","family":"Gondalia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chris","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul D.","family":"Mintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark O.","family":"Walderhaug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Worrall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Kelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven A.","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1202018","article-title":"Human Babesiosis","volume":"366","author":"E Vannier","year":"2012","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"179","article-title":"Bacterial and Parasitic Contamination of Blood Components","author":"DA Leiby","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"AABB Association Bulletin #14\u201305. Babesiosis. 2014 July 18 [cited 2014 July 28]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.aabb.org\/programs\/publications\/bulletins\/Documents\/ab14-05.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.aabb.org\/programs\/publications\/bulletins\/Documents\/ab14-05.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2015.02.008","article-title":"Babesiosis","volume":"29","author":"EG Vannier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2759","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02429.x","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in the United States: summary of a workshop","volume":"49","author":"DM Gubernot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2000.40030274.x","article-title":"Transmission of tick-borne agents of disease by blood transfusion: a review of known and potential risks in the United States","volume":"40","author":"JH McQuiston","year":"2000","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00022-10","article-title":"Transfusion-Transmitted Babesia spp.: Bull\u2019s-Eye on Babesia microti","volume":"24","author":"DA Leiby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1727","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2010.130938","article-title":"Human Babesiosis, Maine, USA, 1995\u20132011","volume":"20","author":"RP Smith","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1801.110305","article-title":"Babesiosis among elderly Medicare beneficiaries, United States, 2006\u20132008","volume":"18","author":"M Menis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref10","first-page":"505","article-title":"Babesiosis surveillance\u201418 states, 2011","volume":"61","year":"2012","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data &amp; Statistics: Babesiosis. [Cited 2014 Aug 18]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/babesiosis\/data-statistics.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/babesiosis\/data-statistics.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1093\/clind\/15.6.1019","article-title":"Human Babesiosis in New York State: An Epidemiological Description of 136 Cases","volume":"15","author":"SC Meldrum","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2149","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.19.2149","article-title":"Human babesiosis in New York State: Review of 139 hospitalized cases and analysis of prognostic factors","volume":"158","author":"DJ White","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2574","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02430.x","article-title":"Seroprevalence of Babesia microti in blood donors from Babesia-endemic areas of the northeastern United States: 2000 through 2007","volume":"49","author":"ST Johnson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1086\/595010","article-title":"Babesia infection through blood transfusions: reports received by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 1997\u20132007","volume":"48","author":"DM Gubernot","year":"2009","journal-title":"CID"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2003.68.431","article-title":"Increasing health burden of human babesiosis in endemic sites","volume":"68","author":"PJ Krause","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199807163390304","article-title":"Persistent parasitemia after acute babesiosis","volume":"339","author":"PJ Krause","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1089\/153036602321653851","article-title":"Epidemiology and impact of coinfections acquired from Ixodes ticks","volume":"2","author":"EA Belongia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530450047031","article-title":"Concurrent Lyme disease and babesiosis: Evidence for increased severity and duration of illness","volume":"275","author":"PJ Krause","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200011163432004","article-title":"Atovaquone and azithromycin for the treatment of babesiosis","volume":"343","author":"PJ Krause","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Babesiosis: Treatment Information. [Updated 2013 Nov 29; cited 2014 Aug 4]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dpdx\/babesiosis\/tx.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dpdx\/babesiosis\/tx.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jca.20197","article-title":"Red cell exchange transfusion for babesiosis in Rhode Island","volume":"24","author":"J Spaete","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Apheresis"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research. Blood Products Advisory Committee Meeting. 2010 July 26 [cited 2014 Oct 1]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics\/BloodProductsAdvisoryCommittee\/UCM225388.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/downloads\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/BloodVaccinesandOtherBiologics\/BloodProductsAdvisoryCommittee\/UCM225388.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2564","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02380.x","article-title":"Transfusion-transmitted babesiosis in Rhode Island","volume":"49","author":"S Asad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00362","article-title":"Transfusion-associated Babesiosis in the United States: a description of cases","volume":"155","author":"BL Herwaldt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2557","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02317.x","article-title":"Transfusion\u2013transmitted Babesia microti identified through hemovigilance","volume":"49","author":"L Tonnetti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2226","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12693","article-title":"Investigational screening for Babesia microti in a large repository of blood donor samples from nonendemic and endemic areas of the United States","volume":"54","author":"ED Moritz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12763","article-title":"Determination of Babesia microti seroprevalence in blood donor populations using an investigational enzyme immunoassay","volume":"54","author":"AE Levin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03612.x","article-title":"Preventing transfusion-transmitted babesiosis: preliminary experience of the first laboratory-based blood donor screening program","volume":"52","author":"C Young","year":"2012","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Babesiosis: Laboratory Diagnosis. [Updated 2013 Nov 29; cited 2014 Aug 4]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dpdx\/babesiosis\/dx.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/dpdx\/babesiosis\/dx.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2003.00660.x","article-title":"Survival after transfusion as assessed in a large multistate US cohort","volume":"44","author":"S Kleinman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3148.2006.00709.x","article-title":"A survey of the demographics of blood use","volume":"17","author":"TJ Cobain","year":"2007","journal-title":"Transfus Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1994.34694295059.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of blood transfusion","volume":"34","author":"EC Vamvakas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7368.803","article-title":"Where does blood go? Prospective observational study of red cell transfusion in north England","volume":"325","author":"AW Wells","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.publhealth.22.1.213","article-title":"Administrative data for public health surveillance and planning","volume":"22","author":"BA Virnig","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Public Health"},{"key":"ref36"},{"key":"ref37"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Notifiable diseases and mortality tables","volume":"62","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Massachusetts Department of Public Health. Babesiosis Surveillance in Massachusetts, 2013. [Cited 2014 Aug 18]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/cdc\/babesiosis-surveillance-2013.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.mass.gov\/eohhs\/docs\/dph\/cdc\/babesiosis-surveillance-2013.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Babesiosis Morbidity Data. [Cited 2014 Dec 15]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.dhs.wisconsin.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/legacy\/communicable\/TickBorne\/pdfs-tickborne\/BabesiosisMorbidityData.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.dhs.wisconsin.gov\/sites\/default\/files\/legacy\/communicable\/TickBorne\/pdfs-tickborne\/BabesiosisMorbidityData.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"Minnesota Department of Health. Babesiosis Statistics. [Cited 2014 Aug 18]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.health.state.mn.us\/divs\/idepc\/diseases\/babesiosis\/statistics.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.health.state.mn.us\/divs\/idepc\/diseases\/babesiosis\/statistics.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"New Jersey Department of Health. New Jersey Reportable Disease Statistics and Technical Notes. [Cited 2014 Oct 6]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.nj.gov\/health\/cd\/reportable_disease_stats.shtml\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.nj.gov\/health\/cd\/reportable_disease_stats.shtml<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2008.131591","article-title":"Babesiosis surveillance, New Jersey, USA, 2006\u20132011","volume":"20","author":"A Apostolou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Connecticut Department of Public Health. Disease Statistics: Number of cases of all reportable diseases. [Cited 2014 Aug 18]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.ct.gov\/dph\/cwp\/view.asp?a=3136&q=388390&dphNav_GID=1601&dphPNavCtr=|46973|#47477\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.ct.gov\/dph\/cwp\/view.asp?a=3136&amp;q=388390&amp;dphNav_GID=1601&amp;dphPNavCtr=|46973|#47477<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1705.101334","article-title":"Babesiosis in lower Hudson Valley, New York, USA","volume":"17","author":"JT Joseph","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-014-0979-y","article-title":"Disease Risk in a Dynamic Environment: The Spread of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Minnesota, USA","volume":"12","author":"SJ Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Rhode Island Department of Health, Division of Infectious Disease &amp; Epidemiology. Babesiosis Surveillance 2008\u20132012. [Cited 2014 Oct 9]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.health.ri.gov\/data\/diseases\/Babesiosis.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.health.ri.gov\/data\/diseases\/Babesiosis.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1086\/319742","article-title":"Severe babesiosis in Long Island: review of 34 cases and their complications","volume":"32","author":"JC Hatcher","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440010113015","article-title":"Leisure-time physical activity among US adults. Results from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","volume":"156","author":"CJ Crespo","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2318-10-34","article-title":"A gender perspective on factors that influence outdoor recreational physical activity among the elderly","volume":"10","author":"K Sj\u00f6gren","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(99)00105-1","article-title":"Race\/Ethnicity, Social Class and Their Relation to Physical Inactivity During Leisure Time: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988\u20131994","volume":"18","author":"CJ Crespo","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1497.2005.40198.x","article-title":"Differences in Leisure-time, Household, and Work-related Physical Activity by Race, Ethnicity, and Education","volume":"20","author":"XZ He","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00011-06","article-title":"Coinfections acquired from Ixodes Ticks","volume":"19","author":"SJ Swanson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1086\/339813","article-title":"Disease-Specific Diagnosis of Coinfecting Tickborne Zoonoses: Babesiosis, Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis, and Lyme Disease","volume":"34","author":"PJ Krause","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1086\/322681","article-title":"Coinfecting Deer-Associated Zoonoses: Lyme Disease, Babesiosis, and Ehrlichiosis","volume":"33","author":"C Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.6052","article-title":"A climate-based model predicts the spacial distribution of the Lyme disease vector <italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic> in the United States","volume":"111","author":"JS Brownstein","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environ Health Perspect"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-004-0139-x","article-title":"Effect of climate change on Lyme disease risk in North America","volume":"2","author":"JS Brownstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ecohealth"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/jmedent\/36.3.255","article-title":"Microclimate and habitat in relation to Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) populations on Long Point, Ontario, Canada","volume":"36","author":"LR Lindsay","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140332","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,31]],"date-time":"2019-08-31T12:01:07Z","timestamp":1567252867000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140332"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Brian","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0140332","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,15]]}}}