{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T04:26:07Z","timestamp":1789964767690,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]],"date-time":"2015-11-18T18:48:38Z","timestamp":1447872518000},"page":"e0141357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Pigeons (Columba livia) as Trainable Observers of Pathology and Radiology Breast Cancer Images"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Richard M.","family":"Levenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Krupinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor M.","family":"Navarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward A.","family":"Wasserman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2014.04.002","article-title":"Use of OsiriX in developing a digital radiology teaching library","volume":"69","author":"S Shamshuddin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2013.11.022","article-title":"Real view radiology-impact on search patterns and confidence in radiology education","volume":"21","author":"JH Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2014.09.014","article-title":"Development and utilization of a web-based application as a robust radiology teaching tool (radstax) for medical student anatomy teaching","volume":"22","author":"PG Colucci","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"240","article-title":"The Handbook of Medical Image Perception","author":"CK Abbey","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"251","article-title":"The Handbook of Medical Image Perception","author":"M Kupinski","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1118\/1.1677252","article-title":"Foundations of Image Science","author":"HB Barrett","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193695","article-title":"Figure-ground assignment in pigeons: Evidence for a figural benefit","volume":"68","author":"OF Lazareva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perception & Psychophysics"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1037\/h0023273","article-title":"The pigeon as a quality-control inspector","volume":"21","author":"T Verhave","year":"1966","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7123242","article-title":"Pigeon perception of letters of the alphabet","volume":"218","author":"DS Blough","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"219","article-title":"Conceptual behavior in pigeons: Categorization of both familiar and novel examples from four classes of natural and artificial stimuli","volume":"14","author":"RS Bhatt","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-011-0070-x","article-title":"Visual object categorization in birds and primates: integrating behavioral, neurobiological, and computational evidence within a &quot;general process&quot; framework","volume":"12","author":"FA Soto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1901\/jeab.1995.63-165","article-title":"Pigeons\u2019 discrimination of paintings by Monet and Picasso","volume":"63","author":"S Watanabe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Anal Behav"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196384","article-title":"Capacity and limits of associative memory in pigeons","volume":"12","author":"RG Cook","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychonomic bulletin & review"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"191","article-title":"How animals see the world: Comparative behavior and biology of vision","author":"EA Wasserman","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"122","article-title":"Mechanisms of object recognition: what we have learned from pigeons","volume":"8","author":"FA Soto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neural Circuits"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0042-6989(98)00153-9","article-title":"Categorical learning in pigeons: the role of texture and shape in complex static stimuli","volume":"39","author":"NF Troje","year":"1999","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-015-1312-z","article-title":"Mammographic microcalcifications and breast cancer tumorigenesis: a radiologic-pathologic analysis","volume":"15","author":"M Naseem","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.211.3.r99jn31845","article-title":"BI-RADS categorization as a predictor of malignancy","volume":"211","author":"SG Orel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2011.02866.x","article-title":"Reconciliation of diverse telepathology system designs. Historic issues and implications for emerging markets and new applications","volume":"120","author":"RS Weinstein","year":"2012","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.2147\/RMI.S48140","article-title":"Teleradiology: current perspectives","volume":"4","author":"EA Krupinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rep Med Imaging"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare2010094","article-title":"Human factors and human-computer considerations in teleradiology and telepathology","volume":"2","author":"EA Krupinski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2011.12.016","article-title":"Evaluating Imaging and Computer-aided Detection and Diagnosis Devices at the FDA","volume":"19","author":"BD Gallas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1118\/1.2830376","article-title":"Evaluation of medical imaging systems","volume":"35","author":"EA Krupinski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med Phys"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(03)80560-3","article-title":"Assessment of Medical Imaging and Computer-Assist Systems: Lessons from Recent Experience","volume":"9","author":"RF Wagner","year":"2002","journal-title":"Academic Radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00357","article-title":"The Psychophysics Toolbox","volume":"10","author":"DH Brainard","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial vision"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1163\/156856897X00366","article-title":"The VideoToolbox software for visual psychophysics: Transforming numbers into movies","volume":"10","author":"DG Pelli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Spatial vision"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"X Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S1076-6332(05)80381-2","article-title":"Visual scanning patterns of radiologists searching mammograms","volume":"3","author":"EA Krupinski","year":"1996","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10278-014-9721-0","article-title":"Consistency and standardization of color in medical imaging: a consensus report","volume":"28","author":"A Badano","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Digit Imaging"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4103\/2153-3539.95129","article-title":"Compressing pathology whole-slide images using a human and model observer evaluation","volume":"3","author":"EA Krupinski","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pathol Inform"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4328(98)00083-7","article-title":"Visual circuits of the avian telencephalon: evolutionary implications","volume":"98","author":"T Shimizu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Behavioural brain research"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1159\/000314283","article-title":"Avian visual behavior and the organization of the telencephalon","volume":"75","author":"T Shimizu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain, behavior and evolution"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Psychology of Learning and Motivation","volume":"63","author":"RG Cook","year":"2015"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/0097-7403.23.4.417","article-title":"Pigeon same-different concept learning with multiple stimulus classes","volume":"23","author":"RG Cook","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.5858\/2008-132-748-PTMBIM","article-title":"Putting the &quot;more&quot; back in morphology: spectral imaging and image analysis in the service of pathology","volume":"132","author":"R Levenson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1109\/RBME.2009.2034865","article-title":"Histopathological image analysis: a review","volume":"2","author":"MN Gurcan","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Rev Biomed Eng"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.12.025","article-title":"Nonaccidental properties underlie shape recognition in Mammalian and nonmammalian vision","volume":"17","author":"BM Gibson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1080\/713932733","article-title":"Natural categorization through multiple feature learning in pigeons","volume":"53","author":"L Huber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol B"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64366","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064366","article-title":"If you don&apos;t find it often, you often don&apos;t find it: why some cancers are missed in breast cancer screening","volume":"8","author":"KK Evans","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"157","article-title":"The Handbook of Medical Image Perception","author":"R Saunders","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"n\/a","article-title":"Evaluation of targets for color calibrating digital images from an optical bright-field transmission microscope","author":"H Wei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Color Research & Application"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2010.10.006","article-title":"Olfactory detection of prostate cancer by dogs sniffing urine: a step forward in early diagnosis","volume":"59","author":"JN Cornu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/1534735408319058","article-title":"Human ovarian carcinomas detected by specific odor","volume":"7","author":"G Horvath","year":"2008","journal-title":"Integrative cancer therapies"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4314\/pamj.v9i1.71204","article-title":"Using giant African pouched rats to detect tuberculosis in human sputum samples: 2010 findings","volume":"9","author":"AM Mahoney","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Pan African medical journal"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141357","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T14:42:54Z","timestamp":1653576174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141357"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jonathan A","family":"Coles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141357","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,18]]}}}