{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T18:50:10Z","timestamp":1791831010406,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]],"date-time":"2015-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1447632000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0141969","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]],"date-time":"2015-11-16T22:51:46Z","timestamp":1447714306000},"page":"e0141969","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Costs and Cost Effectiveness of Three Approaches for Cervical Cancer Screening among HIV-Positive Women in Johannesburg, South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Naomi","family":"Lince-Deroche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Phiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pam","family":"Michelow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer S.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cindy","family":"Firnhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. Cervical Cancer: Estimated incidence, mortality, and prevalence worldwide in 2012. In: GLOBOCAN 2012: Estimated Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence Worldwide [Internet]. 2012. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/Pages\/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/globocan.iarc.fr\/Pages\/fact_sheets_cancer.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva, Switzerland; 2011."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.51.2.96","article-title":"Aetiology, pathogenesis, and pathology of cervical neoplasia","volume":"51","author":"MJ Arends","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S8","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(07)60004-6","article-title":"The epidemiology of human papillomavirus infection and its association with cervical cancer","volume":"94","author":"FX Bosch","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Gynecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO Guidance Note: Comprehensive cervical cancer prevention and control: a healthier future for girls and women. Geneva, Switzerland; 2013."},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1086\/315086","article-title":"Epidemiology of acquisition and clearance of cervical human papillomavirus infection in women from a high-risk area for cervical cancer","volume":"180","author":"EL Franco","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1155\/S1064744999000253","article-title":"A matched prospective study of human immunodeficiency virus serostatus, human papillomavirus DNA, and cervical lesions detected by cytology and colposcopy","volume":"7","author":"LO Eckert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.111791","article-title":"Human papillomavirus-associated cervical cytologic abnormalities among women with or at risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"184","author":"A Duerr","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref9","article-title":"Progression and regression of premalignant cervical lesions in HIV-infected women from Soweto: a prospective cohort","author":"T Omar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aids"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17382","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.15.2.17382","article-title":"Highly active antiretroviral therapy and cervical dysplasia in HIV-positive women in South Africa","volume":"15","author":"C Firnhaber","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"UNAIDS. South Africa: HIV and AIDS estimates [Internet]. 2012. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/southafrica\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/en\/regionscountries\/countries\/southafrica\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01981-07","article-title":"Cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in South African women: implications for HPV screening and vaccine strategies","volume":"46","author":"B Allan","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0053494","article-title":"Validation of Cervical Cancer Screening Methods in HIV Positive Women from Johannesburg South Africa","volume":"8","author":"C Firnhaber","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.01.009","article-title":"A critical assessment of screening methods for cervical neoplasia","volume":"89","author":"R Sankaranarayanan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.17.2173","article-title":"Screen-and-Treat Approaches for Cervical Cancer Prevention in Low-Resource Settings: A Randomized Controlled Trial","volume":"294","author":"L Denny","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"National Department of Health Republic of South Africa. National Guidelines for Cervical Cancer Screening Programme. Pretoria, South Africa; 2002."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"National Department of Health South Africa. Clinical Guidelines for the management of HIV and AIDS in adults and adolescents. 2010."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3107","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.24.3107","article-title":"Policy Analysis of Cervical Cancer Screening Strategies in Low-Resource Settings: Clinical Benefits and Cost-effectiveness","volume":"285","author":"SJ Goldie","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa044278","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cervical-cancer screening in five developing countries","volume":"353","author":"SJ Goldie","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2008.08.030","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of high-risk HPV DNA testing for cervical cancer screening in South Africa","volume":"112","author":"A Vijayaraghavan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Gynecol Oncol"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"National Department of Health Republic of South Africa. Medical and Pharmaceutical Contracts [Internet]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.health.gov.za\/mpc2.php\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.health.gov.za\/mpc2.php<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Department of Health: Republic of South Africa. Essential Drugs Programme [Internet]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.health.gov.za\/edp.php\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.health.gov.za\/edp.php<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref23","unstructured":"Department of Public Service Administration. Salary scales, with translation keys, for employees on salary levels 1 to 12 and covered by Occupation Specific Dispensations (OSDs). Pretoria; 2013."},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780198529446.001.0001","article-title":"Methods for the Economic Evaluation of Health Care Programmes","author":"M Drummond","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"South African Revenue Service. Binding General Ruling (Income Tax): No. 7\u2014Wear-and-tear or depreciation allowance. South Africa;"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Iternational Monetary Fund. Consumer Price Index. In: World Economic Outlook Database [Internet]. [cited 9 Apr 2015]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2014\/02\/weodata\/index.aspx\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.imf.org\/external\/pubs\/ft\/weo\/2014\/02\/weodata\/index.aspx<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref27","unstructured":"Historical exchange rate for 1 Jan 2013 to 31 Dec 2013 [Internet]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.oanda.com\" xlink:type=\"simple\">www.oanda.com<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Microsoft Corporation. Microsoft Excel. Redmond, Washington;"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.02.010","article-title":"Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement","volume":"16","author":"D Husereau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Heal"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2013.02.002","article-title":"Sexual and reproductive health and HIV services: integrating HIV\/AIDS and cervical cancer prevention and control","volume":"121","author":"H Belhadj","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"277","article-title":"Screening and management of precancerous lesions to prevent cervical cancer in low-resource settings","volume":"4","author":"J Sellors","year":"2003","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Evaluation of a Cervicography-Based Program to Ensure Quality of Visual Inspection of the Cervix in HIV-Infected Women in Johannesburg, South Africa","author":"C Firnhaber","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Low Genit Tract Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2121","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283565dd1","article-title":"Reducing deaths from tuberculosis in antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"26","author":"SD Lawn","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Cepheid. Xpert HPV [Internet]. [cited 29 Sep 2015]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cepheid.com\/en\/cepheid-solutions-uk\/clinical-ivd-tests\/sexual-health\/xpert-hpv\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cepheid.com\/en\/cepheid-solutions-uk\/clinical-ivd-tests\/sexual-health\/xpert-hpv<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa044278","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of cervical-cancer screening in five developing countries","volume":"353","author":"SJ Goldie","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"National Department of Health. Strategic Plan for Maternal, Newborn, Child and Women\u2019 s Health (MNCWH) and Nutrition in South Africa: 2012\u20132016. 2012."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122169","article-title":"Population-Level Scale-Up of Cervical Cancer Prevention Services in a Low-Resource Setting: Development, Implementation, and Evaluation of the Cervical Cancer Prevention Program in Zambia","volume":"10","author":"GP Parham","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141969","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T13:42:50Z","timestamp":1718199770000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141969"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Craig","family":"Meyers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0141969","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,16]]}}}