{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T13:34:43Z","timestamp":1781530483536,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1446681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]],"date-time":"2015-11-05T18:48:50Z","timestamp":1446749330000},"page":"e0142149","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Estimating PM2.5 Concentrations in Xi'an City Using a Generalized Additive Model with Multi-Source Monitoring Data"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Yong-Ze","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong-Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun-Huan","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Rong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4892","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.243.4892.745","article-title":"Urban Air-Pollution\u2014State of the Science","volume":"243","author":"JH Seinfeld","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The burden of air pollution on years of life lost in Beijing, China, 2004\u201308: retrospective regression analysis of daily deaths","volume":"347","author":"YM Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bmj-British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"9859","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"SS Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","first-page":"75","article-title":"An overview of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> impacts on human health (in Chinese)","volume":"26","author":"Z Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.01.014","article-title":"Damage effects of dust storm PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> on DNA in alveolar macrophages and lung cells of rats","volume":"45","author":"Z Meng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food and Chemical Toxicology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.9621","article-title":"Spatial and temporal variation in PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> chemical composition in the United States for health effects studies","volume":"115","author":"ML Bell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/08958370701402382","article-title":"The health impact of common inorganic components of fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>) in ambient air: A critical review","volume":"19","author":"RB Schlesinger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Inhalation Toxicology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","first-page":"137","article-title":"Chronic Respiratory Symptoms Associated with Estimated Long-Term Ambient Concentrations of Fine Particulates Less-Than 2.5 Microns in Aerodynamic Diameter (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>) and Other Air-Pollutants","volume":"5","author":"DE Abbey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.3.7881654","article-title":"Particulate Air-Pollution as a Predictor of Mortality in a Prospective-Study of Us Adults","volume":"151","author":"CA Pope","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1080\/10473289.1996.10467528","article-title":"Is daily mortality associated specifically with fine particles?","volume":"46","author":"J Schwartz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association"},{"issue":"126","key":"ref11","article-title":"National ambient air quality standards for particulate matter","volume":"52","author":"R Federal","year":"1987","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref12","article-title":"National ambient air quality standards for particulate matter","volume":"78","author":"R Federal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Federal Register"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref13","first-page":"72","article-title":"PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> Pollution in China and Its Harmfulness to Human Health (in Chinese)","volume":"32","author":"G Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science A Technology Review"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Xi&apos;an Environmental Monitoring Station. 2014. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.xianemc.gov.cn\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.xianemc.gov.cn<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"34","key":"ref15","first-page":"2703","article-title":"Evaluation of excess mortality caused by PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> in four typical Chinese big cities","volume":"93","author":"GX Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.58.2.265","article-title":"Source apportionment: Findings from the US Supersites program","volume":"58","author":"JG Watson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2013.11.001","article-title":"PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> in China: Measurements, sources, visibility and health effects, and mitigation","volume":"13","author":"DYH Pui","year":"2014","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2398","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-012-1129-0","article-title":"Tracerbased source apportionment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> in Guangzhou, southern China, using positive matrix factorization(PMF)","volume":"20","author":"B Gao","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research International"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2005.03.013","article-title":"The ion chemistry and the source of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> aerosol in Beijing","volume":"39","author":"Y Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-27","article-title":"Spatial analysis of MODIS aerosol optical depth, PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>, and chronic coronary heart disease","volume":"8","author":"Z Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2003GL018174","article-title":"Intercomparison between satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness and PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> mass: Implications for air quality studies","volume":"30","author":"J Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5880","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.03.016","article-title":"Satellite remote sensing of particulate matter and air quality assessment over global cities","volume":"40","author":"P Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s13143-014-0007-8","article-title":"Spatio-temporal variations of optical properties of aerosols in East Asia measured by MODIS and relation to the ground-based mass concentrations observed in central Korea during 2001 similar to 2010","volume":"50","author":"HS Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7436","DOI":"10.1021\/es5009399","article-title":"Estimating Ground-Level PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> in China Using Satellite Remote Sensing","volume":"48","author":"Z Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.08.009","article-title":"Satellite-based estimation of regional particulate matter (PM) in Beijing using vertical-and-RH correcting method","volume":"114","author":"Z Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.09.015","article-title":"Using satellite remote sensing data to estimate the high-resolution distribution of ground-level PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>","volume":"156","author":"CQ LY Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref27","article-title":"Validation of MODIS aerosol optical depth retrieval over land","volume":"29","author":"DA Chu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-9-909-2009","article-title":"Exploring the relation between aerosol optical depth and PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> at Cabauw, the Netherlands","volume":"9","author":"M Schaap","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.3155\/1047-3289.59.6.645","article-title":"Remote Sensing of Particulate Pollution from Space: Have We Reached the Promised Land?","volume":"59","author":"RM Hoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11109","DOI":"10.1021\/es502113p","article-title":"Fifteen-Year Global Time Series of Satellite-Derived Fine Particulate Matter","volume":"48","author":"BL MR Boys","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2013.08.032","article-title":"Estimating ground-level PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> concentrations in the Southeastern United States using MAIAC AOD retrievals and a two-stage model","volume":"140","author":"XF Hu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2006.05.022","article-title":"Using aerosol optical thickness to predict ground-level PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> concentrations in the St. Louis area: A comparison between MISR and MODIS","volume":"107","author":"Y Liu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2009.09.011","article-title":"A semi-empirical model for predicting hourly ground-level fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>) concentration in southern Ontario from satellite remote sensing and ground-based meteorological measurements","volume":"114","author":"J Tian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2014.08.008","article-title":"A satellite-based geographically weighted regression model for regional PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> estimation over the Pearl River Delta region in China","volume":"154","author":"W Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Remote Sensing of Environment"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.01.046","article-title":"An empirical relationship between PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> and aerosol optical depth in Delhi Metropolitan","volume":"41","author":"N Kumar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.04.044","article-title":"Comparison of spatial and temporal variations of aerosol optical thickness and particulate matter over Europe","volume":"40","author":"RBA Koelemeijer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"D22","key":"ref37","article-title":"Mapping annual mean ground-level PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> concentrations using Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol optical thickness over the contiguous United States","volume":"109","author":"Y Liu","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2008.11.002","article-title":"Effect of chemical composition of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> on visibility in Guangzhou, China, 2007 spring","volume":"7","author":"J Tao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2013.11.001","article-title":"The empirical relationship between the PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> concentration and aerosol optical depth over the background of North China from 2009 to 2011","volume":"138","author":"JY Xin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Seasonal variations in aerosol optical properties over China","volume":"116","author":"YS Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref41","first-page":"735","article-title":"Research on level, composition, source and pollution characteristics of ambient fine particles in China (in Chinese)","volume":"28","author":"C Yang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Health"},{"issue":"35","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2004.07.009","article-title":"The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing\u2014concentration, composition, distribution and sources","volume":"38","author":"YL Sun","year":"2004","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref43","first-page":"1605","article-title":"Chemical characteristics of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> species in Beijing ambient air (in Chinese)","volume":"42","author":"F Yang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Tsinghua Univ (Sci & Tech)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","first-page":"459","article-title":"On-line analysis the water-soluble chemical of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> in late summer and early autumn in Beijing (in Chinese)","volume":"27","author":"K Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae"},{"issue":"32","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.06.060","article-title":"Correlations between fine particulate matter (PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>) and meteorological variables in the United States: Implications for the sensitivity of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> to climate change","volume":"44","author":"APK Tai","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.0800123","article-title":"Estimating Regional Spatial and Temporal Variability of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> Concentrations Using Satellite Data, Meteorology, and Land Use Information","volume":"117","author":"Y Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Health Perspectives"},{"issue":"A01","key":"ref47","first-page":"63","article-title":"Analysis of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> mass concentrations variation with high resolution in Xi&apos;an City","volume":"24","author":"L Tao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.03.005","article-title":"Ionic composition of TSP and PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> during dust storms and air pollution episodes at Xi&apos;an, China","volume":"43","author":"ZX Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-5-3127-2005","article-title":"Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi&apos;an, China","volume":"5","author":"JJ Cao","year":"2005","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref50","first-page":"1477","article-title":"Pollution characteristics of carbon aerosol in PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> of Xi&apos;an during winter and summer","volume":"7","author":"C Zhang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering"},{"key":"ref51","unstructured":"Hastie TJ, Tibshirani RJ (1990) Generalized Additive Models (CRC Press)."},{"issue":"16","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9291","DOI":"10.1021\/es401281r","article-title":"Modeling the Concentrations of On-Road Air Pollutants in Southern California","volume":"47","author":"LF Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.08.002","article-title":"Improved retrieval of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> from satellite data products using non-linear methods","volume":"182","author":"M Sorek-Hamer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2010.02.008","article-title":"Near-road air pollutant concentrations of CO and PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>: A comparison of MOBILE6.2\/CALINE4 and generalized additive models","volume":"44","author":"K Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5800","DOI":"10.1021\/es703181j","article-title":"Spatiotemporal associations between GOES aerosol optical depth retrievals and ground-level PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>","volume":"42","author":"CJ Paciorek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"26","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2007.02.032","article-title":"Modelling and assessing trends in traffic-related emissions using a generalised additive modelling approach","volume":"41","author":"DC Carslaw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30563","DOI":"10.5194\/acpd-11-30563-2011","article-title":"Improving PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> retrievals in the San Joaquin Valley using A-Train Multi-Satellite Observations","volume":"11","author":"AW Strawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss."},{"issue":"36","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5838","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2009.05.017","article-title":"Estimating PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> over southern Sweden using space-borne optical measurements","volume":"43","author":"P Glantz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"key":"ref59","unstructured":"China Meteorological Administration. 2014. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cma.gov.cn\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cma.gov.cn<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"5","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-013-3584-6","article-title":"Seasonal variations of monocarbonyl and dicarbonyl in urban and sub-urban sites of Xi&apos;an, China","volume":"186","author":"KF Ho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ Monit Assess"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s00376-009-9052-0","article-title":"Application of Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization to Beijing daily temperature series (1960\u20132006)","volume":"27","author":"Z Li","year":"2010","journal-title":"Advances in Atmospheric Sciences"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.1971","article-title":"Effects of site change and urbanisation in the Beijing temperature series 1977\u20132006","volume":"30","author":"ZW Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Climatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref63","first-page":"174","article-title":"Impact of Basin Terrain Urban Heat Island Efect on Precipitation in Surrounding Region of Xi&apos;an","volume":"29","author":"J Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Arid Meteorology"},{"key":"ref64","unstructured":"(2013) Xi&apos;an Municipal People&apos;s Government, Local Records Office Xi&apos;an City. Xi&apos;an Year Book: Chinese Publishing Group, World Book Inc."},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"City LRCCoXa (1996) Local Records of Xi&apos;an City: Xi&apos;an Press."},{"key":"ref66","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spatial-temporal vaiation characteristics of wind speed and wind directions in Shaanxi Province","volume":"01","author":"YP DJ Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of Shaanxi Meteorology"},{"key":"ref67","unstructured":"Global Space Flight Center MODIS Level 1 and Atmosphere Archive and Distribution System Web (LAADS Web). 2014. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"3","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1021\/ed084p533","article-title":"Dealing with outliers: Robust, resistant regression","volume":"84","author":"L Glasser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015085810154","article-title":"An empirical comparison of kriging methods for nonlinear spatial point prediction","volume":"34","author":"RA Moyeed","year":"2002","journal-title":"Mathematical Geology"},{"key":"ref70","author":"S Wood","year":"2006"},{"issue":"D24","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2004JD004727","article-title":"Observations of carbon monoxide and aerosols from the Terra satellite: Northern Hemisphere variability","volume":"109","author":"DP Edwards","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres"},{"key":"ref72","article-title":"Multiscale carbon monoxide and aerosol correlations from satellite measurements and the GOCART model: Implication for emissions and atmospheric evolution","volume":"115","author":"HS Bian","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12271","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-13-12271-2013","article-title":"Long-term measurements of aerosol and carbon monoxide at the ZOTTO tall tower to characterize polluted and pristine air in the Siberian taiga","volume":"13","author":"X Chi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1029\/2000GL012354","article-title":"Seasonal variations in elemental carbon aerosol, carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide: Implications for sources","volume":"28","author":"LWA Chen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Geophysical Research Letters"},{"issue":"D14","key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19411","DOI":"10.1029\/95JD03426","article-title":"A global three-dimensional model study of carbonaceous aerosols","volume":"101","author":"C Liousse","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13834","DOI":"10.1021\/es503696k","article-title":"Quantification of Global Primary Emissions of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>, PM<sub>10<\/sub>, and TSP from Combustion and Industrial Process Sources","volume":"48","author":"Y Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Technology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1299\/jsmeb.49.35","article-title":"Representativeness of urban highest polluted zones for sitting traffic-oriented air monitoring stations in a Chinese city","volume":"49","author":"F Costabile","year":"2006","journal-title":"Jsme International Journal Series B-Fluids and Thermal Engineering"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s11270-008-9912-8","article-title":"Year-Round Observations of NO, NO<sub>2<\/sub>, O<sub>3<\/sub>, SO<sub>2<\/sub>, and Toluene Measured with a DOAS System in the Industrial Area of Puertollano, Spain","volume":"200","author":"A Saiz-Lopez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Water Air and Soil Pollution"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1002\/clen.201000478","article-title":"Investigating Correlations and Variations of Air Pollutant Concentrations under Conditions of Rapid Industrialization\u2014Kocaeli (1987\u20132009)","volume":"39","author":"SC Dogruparmak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clean-Soil Air Water"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosres.2014.03.021","article-title":"Air pollution in the plateau of the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"145","author":"A Notario","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmospheric Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2011.03.0023","article-title":"Water Soluble Ions in PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> and PM<sub>10<\/sub> Aerosols in Durg City, Chhattisgarh, India","volume":"11","author":"DK Deshmukh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.4209\/aaqr.2009.10.0069","article-title":"Atmospheric Particulate Pollutants and their Relationship with Meteorology in Ahmedabad","volume":"10","author":"BV Bhaskar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Aerosol and Air Quality Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.5094\/APR.2012.037","article-title":"Source apportionment and elemental composition of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> and PM<sub>10<\/sub> in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia","volume":"3","author":"M Khodeir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmospheric Pollution Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph110100173","article-title":"Spatio-Temporal Variation of PM<sub>2.5<\/sub> Concentrations and Their Relationship with Geographic and Socioeconomic Factors in China","volume":"11","author":"G Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research & Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142149","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T14:31:36Z","timestamp":1589034696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142149"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0142149","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,5]]}}}