{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T13:16:48Z","timestamp":1770815808969,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0143711","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]],"date-time":"2015-11-30T18:49:13Z","timestamp":1448909353000},"page":"e0143711","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Investigating Tissue Optical Properties and Texture Descriptors of the Retina in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Bogl\u00e1rka Enik\u0151","family":"Varga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Korn\u00e9lia Lenke","family":"Laurik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erika","family":"T\u00e1trai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdolna","family":"Sim\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00e1bor M\u00e1rk","family":"Somfai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delia","family":"Cabrera DeBuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70094-6","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis: risk factors, prodromes, and potential causal pathways","volume":"9","author":"SV Ramagopalan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet neurology"},{"issue":"5035","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1957169","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography","volume":"254","author":"D Huang","year":"1991","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"International Commission on Illumination (1987) International Lighting Vocabulary. Number 17.4. CIE, 4th edition. ISBN 978-3-900734-07-7. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cie.co.at\/index.php\/index.php?i_ca_id=306\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cie.co.at\/index.php\/index.php?i_ca_id=306<\/ext-link>. [(Accessed 11 October 2014)]"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.3928\/15428877-20101031-20","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography: 20 years after","volume":"41","author":"CA Puliafito","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging: the official journal of the International Society for Imaging in the Eye"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"15","article-title":"Image Segmentation","author":"DC DeBuc","year":"2011"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10200","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.010200","article-title":"Automated detection of retinal layer structures on optical coherence tomography images","volume":"13","author":"D Cabrera Fernandez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","first-page":"Mt15","article-title":"Early detection of retinal thickness changes in diabetes using optical coherence tomography","volume":"16","author":"DC Debuc","year":"2010","journal-title":"Medical Science Monitor"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30922","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030922","article-title":"In vivo evaluation of retinal neurodegeneration in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"7","author":"E Tatrai","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70213-2","article-title":"Microcystic macular oedema, thickness of the inner nuclear layer of the retina, and disease characteristics in multiple sclerosis: a retrospective study","volume":"11","author":"S Saidha","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet neurology"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws098","article-title":"Microcystic macular oedema in multiple sclerosis is associated with disease severity","volume":"135","author":"JM Gelfand","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1117\/1.1577575","article-title":"Texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images: feasibility for tissue classification","volume":"8","author":"KW Gossage","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144501394387","article-title":"Stochastic Models That Separate Fractal Dimension and the Hurst Effect","volume":"46","author":"T Gneiting","year":"2004","journal-title":"SIAM Review"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-3203(92)90066-R","article-title":"An efficient approach to estimate fractal dimension of textural images","volume":"25","author":"N Sarkar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Pattern Recognition"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(95)06768-X","article-title":"Calculation of the fractal dimensions of machined surface profiles","volume":"192","author":"M Hasegawa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Huang Y. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) in hereditary retinal degeneration: layer-by-layer analysis in normal and diseased retinas. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania. 1999."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Svet VD. About Holographic (Interferometric) Approach to the Primary Visual Perception. 2013.","DOI":"10.4236\/ojbiphy.2013.33020"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/S0030-4018(00)01054-3","article-title":"Optical properties of ocular fundus tissues determined by optical coherence tomography","volume":"186","author":"M Hammer","year":"2000","journal-title":"Optics Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2004.059824","article-title":"A new quality assessment parameter for optical coherence tomography","volume":"90","author":"DM Stein","year":"2006","journal-title":"The British journal of ophthalmology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1088","article-title":"Noncontact measurements of central corneal epithelial and flap thickness after laser in situ keratomileusis","volume":"45","author":"J Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5066","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506997103","article-title":"Optophysiology: depth-resolved probing of retinal physiology with functional ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography","volume":"103","author":"K Bizheva","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5869","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-10001","article-title":"Wavelength-dependent change of retinal nerve fiber layer reflectance in glaucomatous retinas","volume":"53","author":"XR Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","first-page":"3689","article-title":"Assessing the Performance of Optical Properties Determination of Intraretinal Layers in Healthy Normal and Type 1 Diabetic Eyes using Optical Coherence Tomography","volume":"52","author":"W Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.4236\/jbise.2011.410082","article-title":"Investigation of changes in thickness and reflectivity from layered retinal structures of healthy and diabetic eyes with optical coherence tomography","volume":"4","author":"W Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20703","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the &quot;McDonald Criteria&quot;","volume":"58","author":"CH Polman","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"064023","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3268773","article-title":"Reliability and reproducibility of macular segmentation using a custom-built optical coherence tomography retinal image analysis software","volume":"14","author":"DC DeBuc","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e34823","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034823","article-title":"The OSCAR-IB consensus criteria for retinal OCT quality assessment","volume":"7","author":"P Tewarie","year":"2012","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.06-0554","article-title":"Error correction and quantitative subanalysis of optical coherence tomography data using computer-assisted grading","volume":"48","author":"SR Sadda","year":"2007","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2013.570","article-title":"Cystoid macular edema associated with fingolimod use for multiple sclerosis","volume":"131","author":"AR Afshar","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2007.11.027","article-title":"Relationship between retinal nerve fiber layer measurement and signal strength in optical coherence tomography","volume":"115","author":"CY Cheung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4471","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.09-3892","article-title":"Influence of OCT Signal Strength on Macular, Optic Nerve Head, and Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Parameters","volume":"51","author":"C Samarawickrama","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31817eee20","article-title":"Signal strength is an important determinant of accuracy of nerve fiber layer thickness measurement by optical coherence tomography","volume":"18","author":"Z Wu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of glaucoma"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Identifying Local Structural and Optical Derangement in the Neural Retina of Individuals with Type 1 Diabetes","author":"D DeBuc","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical & Experimental Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"046015","DOI":"10.1117\/1.3470116","article-title":"Improving image segmentation performance and quantitative analysis via a computer-aided grading methodology for optical coherence tomography retinal image analysis","volume":"15","author":"DC Debuc","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Biomed Opt"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","first-page":"1433","article-title":"The assessment of retinal optical properties in multiple sclerosis","volume":"54","author":"GM Somfai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","first-page":"2751","article-title":"Potentiality of intraretinal layer segmentation to locally detect early retinal changes in patients with diabetes mellitus using optical coherence tomography","volume":"49","author":"D Cabrera Fernandez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq080","article-title":"Ocular pathology in multiple sclerosis: retinal atrophy and inflammation irrespective of disease duration","volume":"133","author":"AJ Green","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3109\/02713683.2012.722243","article-title":"Comparison of point estimates and average thicknesses of retinal layers measured using manual optical coherence tomography segmentation for quantification of retinal neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"ES Sotirchos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current eye research"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458511418630","article-title":"Visual dysfunction in multiple sclerosis correlates better with optical coherence tomography derived estimates of macular ganglion cell layer thickness than peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness","volume":"17","author":"S Saidha","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England)"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6466-x","article-title":"In vivo assessment of retinal neuronal layers in multiple sclerosis with manual and automated optical coherence tomography segmentation techniques","volume":"259","author":"MA Seigo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2013.08.045","article-title":"Microcystic macular edema: retrograde maculopathy caused by optic neuropathy","volume":"121","author":"M Abegg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e71145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0071145","article-title":"Optic neuritis is associated with inner nuclear layer thickening and microcystic macular edema independently of multiple sclerosis","volume":"8","author":"F Kaufhold","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2010.218","article-title":"Outer retinal abnormalities associated with inner retinal pathology in nonglaucomatous and glaucomatous optic neuropathies","volume":"25","author":"JS Werner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.573","article-title":"Relationships between retinal axonal and neuronal measures and global central nervous system pathology in multiple sclerosis","volume":"70","author":"S Saidha","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA neurology"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1603","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000295995.46586.ae","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer is associated with brain atrophy in multiple sclerosis","volume":"69","author":"E Gordon-Lipkin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.10.020","article-title":"Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness is associated with brain MRI outcomes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"268","author":"E Grazioli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of the neurological sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2424","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.11-8436","article-title":"The effect of glaucoma on the optical attenuation coefficient of the retinal nerve fiber layer in spectral domain optical coherence tomography images","volume":"53","author":"J van der Schoot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6102","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9933","article-title":"RPE-normalized RNFL attenuation coefficient maps derived from volumetric OCT imaging for glaucoma assessment","volume":"53","author":"KA Vermeer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr264","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography segmentation reveals ganglion cell layer pathology after optic neuritis","volume":"135","author":"SB Syc","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2009.230","article-title":"Macular volume determined by optical coherence tomography as a measure of neuronal loss in multiple sclerosis","volume":"66","author":"BM Burkholder","year":"2009","journal-title":"Archives of neurology"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu335","article-title":"Vision and vision-related outcome measures in multiple sclerosis","volume":"138","author":"LJ Balcer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"66","article-title":"Degeneration of the inner nuclear layer of the retina following lesions of the optic nerve","volume":"64","author":"JP Gills Jr","year":"1966","journal-title":"Transactions of the American Ophthalmological Society"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00006982-199414050-00010","article-title":"Retinal pathologic changes in multiple sclerosis","volume":"14","author":"JB Kerrison","year":"1994","journal-title":"Retina"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2006.07.006","article-title":"The brain as a target of inflammation: common pathways link inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"29","author":"F Zipp","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends in neurosciences"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-15-295","article-title":"Fractal-based analysis of optical coherence tomography data to quantify retinal tissue damage","volume":"15","author":"GM Somfai","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC bioinformatics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1136\/bjophthalmol-2013-304547","article-title":"Optical coherence tomography angiography of optic nerve head and parafovea in multiple sclerosis","volume":"98","author":"X Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"The British journal of ophthalmology"},{"issue":"10 Supplement","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P2.264","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.82.10_supplement.P2.264","article-title":"Quantification of Macular Blood Flow Volume and Microvascular Network in Multiple Sclerosis (MS) (P2.264)","volume":"82","author":"H Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"14 Supplement","key":"ref57","article-title":"Impairment of the Retinal Nerve Fiber Integrity and Blood Flow Velocity in Multiple Sclerosis (P5.224)","volume":"84","author":"H Jiang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jiang H, Ye Y, Cabrera DeBuc D, Shen M, Lam BL, Ge L, et al. Spectral oximetry measured with ultra-high resolution optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis. 38th Annual North American Neuro- Ophthalmology Society (NANOS) Meeting. February 11\u201316, 2012. San Antonio, TX. (poster presentation).","DOI":"10.2147\/OPTH.S37774"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3490","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.11.003490","article-title":"In vivo dynamic human retinal blood flow imaging using ultra-high-speed spectral domain optical Doppler tomography","volume":"11","author":"BR White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3275","article-title":"Will the real multiple sclerosis please stand up?","volume":"13","author":"PK Stys","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature reviews Neuroscience"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20516","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.20.020516","article-title":"Angiography of the retina and the choroid with phase-resolved OCT using interval-optimized backstitched B-scans","volume":"20","author":"B Braaf","year":"2012","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1179\/016164106X98080","article-title":"Multiple sclerosis as a vascular disease","volume":"28","author":"A Minagar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurological research"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0143711","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T19:49:33Z","timestamp":1718221773000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0143711"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Knut","family":"Stieger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0143711","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,11,30]]}}}