{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T02:23:56Z","timestamp":1792290236888,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1450137600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144839","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]],"date-time":"2015-12-15T16:39:17Z","timestamp":1450197557000},"page":"e0144839","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["Substantial Impact of School Closure on the Transmission Dynamics during the Pandemic Flu H1N1-2009 in Oita, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shoko","family":"Kawano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masayuki","family":"Kakehashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Cabinet Secretariat. National action plan for pandemic influenza and new infectious diseases Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cas.go.jp\/jp\/seisaku\/ful\/keikaku.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cas.go.jp\/jp\/seisaku\/ful\/keikaku.html<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Measures in school settings. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/swineflu\/notes\/h1n1_school_measures_20090911\/en\/2009\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/disease\/swineflu\/notes\/h1n1_school_measures_20090911\/en\/2009<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"88","article-title":"Emerg Infect Dis","volume":"12","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70176-8","article-title":"Closure of schools during an influenza pandemic","volume":"9","author":"S Cauchemez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.298.6.644","article-title":"Nonpharmaceutical interventions implemented by US cities during the 1918\u20131919 influenza pandemic","volume":"298","author":"H Markel","year":"2007","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.156.10.986","article-title":"Illness among schoolchildren during influenza season: effect on school absenteeism, parental absenteeism from work, and secondary illness in families","volume":"156","author":"KM Neuzil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04795","article-title":"Strategies for mitigating an influenza pandemic","volume":"442","author":"NM Ferguson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06732","article-title":"Estimating the impact of school closure on influenza transmission from Sentinel data","volume":"452","author":"S Cauchemez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s12199-009-0122-9","article-title":"Assessment of intervention strategies against a novel influenza epidemic using an individual-based model","volume":"15","author":"T Morimoto","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environ Health Prev Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008369","article-title":"Analyses of the 1957 (Asian) influenza pandemic in the United Kingdom and the impact of school closures","volume":"136","author":"E Vynnycky","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-221","article-title":"Developing guidelines for school closure interventions to be used during a future influenza pandemic","volume":"10","author":"N Halder","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4005","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004005","article-title":"A small community model for the transmission of infectious diseases: comparison of school closure as an intervention in individual-based models of an influenza pandemic","volume":"3","author":"GJ Milne","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"696","article-title":"Current status of action at schools during influenza outbreaks and relevant factors for its decision in elementary and junior high schools","volume":"112","author":"K Sugisaki","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Jpn Pediatr Soc"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. Implementation of basic measures against pandemic flu. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/kinkyu\/kenkou\/influenza\/090516-02.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/kinkyu\/kenkou\/influenza\/090516-02.html<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.14.22.19227-en","article-title":"Transmission potential of the new influenza A(H1N1) virus and its age-specificity in Japan","volume":"14","author":"H Nishiura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1510.091029","article-title":"Influenza (H1N1) 2009 outbreak and school closure, Osaka Prefecture, Japan","volume":"15","author":"R Kawaguchi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Infectious Agents Surveillance Report. Influenza 2009\/2010 season. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/idsc.nih.go.jp\/iasr\/31\/367\/inx367-j.html2010\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/idsc.nih.go.jp\/iasr\/31\/367\/inx367-j.html2010<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e11057","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011057","article-title":"Molecular evolutionary analysis of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm, May-September, 2009: temporal and spatial spreading profile of the viruses in Japan","volume":"5","author":"T Shiino","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. Current situations in each prefecture of policies regarding temporary school closure against pandemic flu. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/a_menu\/influtaisaku\/syousai\/1284304.htm2009\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.mext.go.jp\/a_menu\/influtaisaku\/syousai\/1284304.htm2009<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare. Guideline for school closure. Basic ideas on request of temporary school closure against pandemic flu. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/kinkyu\/kenkou\/influenza\/hourei\/2009\/09\/dl\/info0924-01.pdf2009\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/kinkyu\/kenkou\/influenza\/hourei\/2009\/09\/dl\/info0924-01.pdf2009<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Infectious Disease Surveillance Center. Incidence of Influenza like illness (the number of absentee) in 2009\/2010 season. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/idsc.nih.go.jp\/idwr\/kanja\/infreport\/report09-10.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/idsc.nih.go.jp\/idwr\/kanja\/infreport\/report09-10.html<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"13","article-title":"A study of the duration of class closure during influenza A\/HINI 2009 outbreaks in 2009\u20132010","volume":"15","author":"M Hasui","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Ambulatory and General Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"214","article-title":"Examination of the effectiveness of class closure for A\/H1N1(2009) pdm using the automatic information sharing system for school absentees","volume":"52","author":"H Sugiura","year":"2010","journal-title":"Japanese Journal of School Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi.86.274","article-title":"Epidemiological Study of A (H1N1) pdm09 in Iki Island, Nagasaki","volume":"86","author":"K Eda","year":"2012","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"9","article-title":"A study on the effect of school closure-reduction of absentee rate estimated by the duration of class closure in elementary schools in the H1N1 pandemic","volume":"59","author":"S Yamamoto","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Health and Welfare Statistics"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Infectious Agents Surveillance Report. Isolation\/detection of influenza virus (seasonal and AH1pdm) in Japan, week 19\/2009-week 19\/2010. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/idsc.nih.go.jp\/iasr\/influ09\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/idsc.nih.go.jp\/iasr\/influ09<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3243","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0806852106","article-title":"Absolute humidity modulates influenza survival, transmission, and seasonality","volume":"106","author":"J Shaman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000316","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1000316","article-title":"Absolute humidity and the seasonal onset of influenza in the continental United States","volume":"8","author":"J Shaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq347","article-title":"Absolute humidity and pandemic versus epidemic influenza","volume":"173","author":"J Shaman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"327","article-title":"Studies on the correlation of epidemics of infectious with weather 1. Use water vapor pressure rather than relative humidity as the barometer of humidity","volume":"37","author":"M Shoji","year":"1985","journal-title":"Journal of Tuberculosis and Leprosy"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"95","article-title":"Studies on the correlation of epidemics of infectious with weather 2. Outbreak of influenza epidemics and the weather","volume":"40","author":"M Shoji","year":"1988","journal-title":"Journal of Tuberculosis and Leprosy"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.224.251","article-title":"Absolute humidity as a deterministic factor affecting seasonal influenza epidemics in Japan","volume":"224","author":"M Shoji","year":"2011","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-3-201202070-00005","article-title":"Effects of school closure on incidence of pandemic influenza in Alberta, Canada","volume":"156","author":"DJ Earn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Statistics Japan. Census in 2009. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.stat.go.jp\/data\/kokusei\/2010\/index.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.stat.go.jp\/data\/kokusei\/2010\/index.htm<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022172400039176","article-title":"Airborne micro-organisms: survival tests with four viruses","volume":"59","author":"GJ Harper","year":"1961","journal-title":"J Hyg (Lond)"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Japan Meteorological Agency. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.jma.go.jp\/jma2010\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.jma.go.jp\/jma2010<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e10425","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010425","article-title":"Student behavior during a school closure caused by pandemic influenza A\/H1N1","volume":"5","author":"JC Miller","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1702.100458","article-title":"School closures and student contact patterns","volume":"17","author":"C Jackson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2009 H1N1: overview of a pandemic. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/h1n1flu\/yearinreview\/yir1.htm.2010\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/h1n1flu\/yearinreview\/yir1.htm.2010<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1517","article-title":"Relationship between seasonal influenza epidemics and absolute humidity","volume":"86","author":"M Shoji","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Japanese Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20131345","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2013.1345","article-title":"Inferring the causes of the three waves of the 1918 influenza pandemic","volume":"280","author":"D He","year":"2013","journal-title":"England and Wales. Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74716","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074716","article-title":"Effective school actions for mitigating seasonal influenza outbreaks in Niigata, Japan","volume":"8","author":"K Sugisaki","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.4058\/jsei.27.96","article-title":"Analyses of the Infection Dynamics of the A\/H1N1 (2009) Pandemic Influenza in Elementary School","volume":"27","author":"N Shimizu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nihon Kansenkankyo Gakaishi"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0144839","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,2]],"date-time":"2019-09-02T10:36:14Z","timestamp":1567420574000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0144839"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Nishiura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0144839","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,15]]}}}