{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:23:56Z","timestamp":1780053836702,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1453766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0147700","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]],"date-time":"2016-01-26T18:34:26Z","timestamp":1453833266000},"page":"e0147700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["A Submersible, Off-Axis Holographic Microscope for Detection of Microbial Motility and Morphology in Aqueous and Icy Environments"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Christian A.","family":"Lindensmith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Rider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"Bedrossian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. Kent","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugene","family":"Serabyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Max","family":"Showalter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jody W.","family":"Deming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay L.","family":"Nadeau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martin-Torres FJ, Zorzano M-P, Valentin-Serrano P, Harri A-M, Genzer M, Kemppinen O, et al.\u2014Transient liquid water and water activity at Gale crater on Mars. 2015;- advance online publication:-.","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo2412"},{"issue":"6228","key":"ref2","first-page":"1294","article-title":"Ganymede&apos;s hidden ocean","volume":"347","year":"2015","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1002\/2014JA020778","article-title":"The search for a subsurface ocean in Ganymede with Hubble Space Telescope observations of its auroral ovals","volume":"120","author":"J Saur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Space Physics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2012.0878","article-title":"The Icebreaker Life Mission to Mars: a search for biomolecular evidence for life","volume":"13","author":"CP McKay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asr.2010.02.029","article-title":"In situ analysis of Europa ices by short-range melting probes","volume":"48","author":"J Biele","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Space Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2013.1003","article-title":"Science potential from a Europa lander","volume":"13","author":"RT Pappalardo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2010.12.004","article-title":"Diversity and ecology of psychrophilic microorganisms","volume":"162","author":"R Margesin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Research in Microbiology"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"292","article-title":"Planets and Life: The Emerging Science of Astrobiology","author":"JW Deming","year":"2007"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2010.02179.x","article-title":"Persistence of bacterial and archaeal communities in sea ice through an Arctic winter","volume":"12","author":"RE Collins","year":"2010","journal-title":"Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.70.1.550-557.2004","article-title":"Bacterial Activity at -2 to -20 degrees C in Arctic wintertime sea ice","volume":"70","author":"K Junge","year":"2004","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Deming JW, Collins RE. Sea ice Bacteria, Archaea and Viruses. In: Thomas DN, editor. Sea Ice\u2013An Introduction to its Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Geology,. In press2016."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s00792-006-0506-3","article-title":"Microbial ecology and biodiversity in permafrost","volume":"10","author":"B Steven","year":"2006","journal-title":"Extremophiles"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3262","article-title":"The microbial ecology of permafrost","volume":"12","author":"JK Jansson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature reviews Microbiology"},{"key":"ref14","article-title":"Evidence for marine origin and microbial habitability of sub-zero hypersaline aqueous inclusions within permafrost near Barrow, Alaska","author":"JR Colangelo-Lillis","year":"2016","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiology Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.femsec.2005.02.003","article-title":"Biodiversity of cryopegs in permafrost","volume":"53","author":"D Gilichinsky","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Ecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1089\/153110703769016424","article-title":"Supercooled water brines within permafrost\u2014An unknown ecological niche for microorganisms: A model for astrobiology","volume":"3","author":"D Gilichinsky","year":"2003","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1134\/S0026261709010111","article-title":"Novel halotolerant bacterium from cryopeg in permafrost: Description of Psychrobacter muriicola sp nov","volume":"78","author":"VA Shcherbakova","year":"2009","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.3390\/biology2020603","article-title":"Sea ice microorganisms: environmental constraints and extracellular responses","volume":"2","author":"M Ewert","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro3522","article-title":"Microbial ecology of the cryosphere: sea ice and glacial habitats","volume":"13","author":"A Boetius","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature reviews Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1089\/ast.2006.6.69","article-title":"Microorganisms metabolizing on clay grains in 3-km-deep Greenland basal ice","volume":"6","author":"HC Tung","year":"2006","journal-title":"Astrobiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.66.8.3214-3220.2000","article-title":"Microbial life beneath a high Arctic glacier","volume":"66","author":"ML Skidmore","year":"2000","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.3.1247","article-title":"A habitat for psychrophiles in deep Antarctic ice","volume":"97","author":"PB Price","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.69.4.2153-2160.2003","article-title":"Phylogenetic analysis of anaerobic psychrophilic enrichment cultures obtained from a Greenland glacier ice core","volume":"69","author":"PP Sheridan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1130\/0091-7613(2003)031<0231:EOMCMW>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Evidence of microbial consortia metabolizing within a low-latitude mountain glacier","volume":"31","author":"RK Campen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Geology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo1611","article-title":"Biological processes on glacier and ice sheet surfaces","volume":"5","author":"M Stibal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00225","article-title":"Microbial abundance in surface ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet","volume":"6","author":"M Stibal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Frontiers in Microbiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00262.x","article-title":"Factors influencing bacterial dynamics along a transect from supraglacial runoff to proglacial lakes of a high Arctic glacieri","volume":"59","author":"B Mindl","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fems Microbiology Ecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1890\/07-0187.1","article-title":"Glacial ecosystems","volume":"78","author":"A Hodson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecological Monographs"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.3189\/172756401781818275","article-title":"A microscopic approach to investigate bacteria under in situ conditions in sea-ice samples","volume":"33","author":"K Junge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Annals of Glaciology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3653","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1100701108","article-title":"Exopolymer alteration of physical properties of sea ice and implications for ice habitability and biogeochemistry in a warmer Arctic","volume":"108","author":"C Krembs","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0637(02)00122-X","article-title":"High concentrations of exopolymeric substances in Arctic winter sea ice: implications for the polar ocean carbon cycle and cryoprotection of diatoms","volume":"49","author":"C Krembs","year":"2002","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res Pt I"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1130\/G22096.1","article-title":"Subsurface ice as a microbial habitat","volume":"34","author":"HM Mader","year":"2006","journal-title":"Geology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2006.00234.x","article-title":"Microbial life in glacial ice and implications for a cold origin of life","volume":"59","author":"P Buford Price","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fems Microbiology Ecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-2920.2011.02485.x","article-title":"Microbial metabolism in ice and brine at -5 degrees C","volume":"13","author":"C Bakermans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"An Astrobiology Strategy for the Exploration of Mars","year":"2007"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6738","DOI":"10.1364\/OPEX.13.006738","article-title":"Extended focused image in microscopy by digital Holography","volume":"13","author":"P Ferraro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.33.001626","article-title":"Extended focused imaging of a microparticle field with digital holographic microscopy","volume":"33","author":"M Antkowiak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Optics Letters"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1840","DOI":"10.1364\/OL.35.001840","article-title":"Extended depth-of-focus by digital holographic microscopy","volume":"35","author":"T Colomb","year":"2010","journal-title":"Opt Lett"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17367","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.23.017367","article-title":"A robust, compact implementation of an off-axis digital holographic microscope","volume":"23","author":"JK Wallace","year":"2015","journal-title":"Optics Express"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4904449","article-title":"A Mach-Zender digital holographic microscope with sub-micrometer resolution for imaging and tracking of marine micro-organisms","volume":"85","author":"J Kuhn","year":"2014","journal-title":"Review of Scientific Instruments"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1998.43.5.0976","article-title":"Constancy of bacterial abundance in surficial marine sediments","volume":"43","author":"JL Schmidt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Limnology and Oceanography"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature methods"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-391857-4.00009-4","article-title":"Methods for cell and particle tracking","volume":"504","author":"E Meijering","year":"2012","journal-title":"Methods in enzymology"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3354\/meps08845","article-title":"Autotrophic and heterotrophic activity in Arctic first-year sea ice: seasonal study from Malene Bight, SW Greenland","volume":"419","author":"DH S\u00f8gaard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"issue":"368","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3354\/meps07627","article-title":"Microalgal composition and primary production in Arctic sea ice: a seasonal study from Kobbefjord (Kangerluarsunnguaq), West Greenland","author":"DM Mikkelsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mar Ecol Prog Ser"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s003000050145","article-title":"Flagellates and heliozoans in the Greenland Sea ice studied alive using light microscopy","volume":"17","author":"J Ikavalko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Polar Biology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1515\/BOT.2001.048","article-title":"Identification of some easily confused common diatom species in arctic spring blooms","volume":"44","author":"CH von Quillfeldt","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bot"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.3354\/ame025247","article-title":"Bacterial motility in the sea and its ecological implications","volume":"25","author":"HP Grossart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Aquatic Microbial Ecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.61.3.877-882.1995","article-title":"LONG LAG TIMES AND HIGH VELOCITIES IN THE MOTILITY OF NATURAL ASSEMBLAGES OF MARINE-BACTERIA","volume":"61","author":"JG Mitchell","year":"1995","journal-title":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology"},{"key":"ref50","author":"AL Huston","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref51","author":"K Junge","year":"2002"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-0637(03)00003-7","article-title":"An automated submersible flow cytometer for analyzing pico- and nanophytoplankton: FlowCytobot","volume":"50","author":"RJ Olson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Deep-Sea Res Pt I"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.4319\/lom.2007.5.195","article-title":"A submersible imaging-in-flow instrument to analyze nano-and microplankton: Imaging FlowCytobot","volume":"5","author":"RJ Olson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr-Meth"},{"issue":"44","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17512","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0704658104","article-title":"Digital holographic microscopy reveals prey-induced changes in swimming behavior of predatory dinoflagellates","volume":"104","author":"J Sheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6941.2005.00003.x","article-title":"Bacterial motility: links to the environment and a driving force for microbial physics","volume":"55","author":"JG Mitchell","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fems Microbiology Ecology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0147700","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,13]],"date-time":"2024-06-13T23:59:38Z","timestamp":1718323178000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0147700"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Connie","family":"Lovejoy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0147700","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,1,26]]}}}