{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T04:57:24Z","timestamp":1775624244223,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457481600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149074","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]],"date-time":"2016-03-09T19:44:23Z","timestamp":1457552663000},"page":"e0149074","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Crippling Violence: Conflict and Incident Polio in Afghanistan"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Alison","family":"Norris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Hachey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Bourdeaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"579","article-title":"Medical Microbiology","author":"P Murray","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis by the Year 2000","year":"1988","journal-title":"Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis by the Year 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","first-page":"24","article-title":"Certification of Polio Eradication: Process and Lessons Learned","volume":"82","author":"J Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin World Health Organization (Internet)"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/S0264-410X(02)00623-0","article-title":"The Global Value of Vaccination","volume":"21","author":"J Ehreth","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp068200","article-title":"The Eradication of Polio\u2014Progress and Challenges","volume":"355","author":"MA Pallansch","year":"2006","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e73","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040073","article-title":"What Led to the Nigerian Boycott of the Polio Vaccination Campaign?","volume":"4","author":"AS Jegede","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"7348","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/473446a","article-title":"Lessons from Polio Eradication","volume":"473","author":"HJ Larson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmt046","article-title":"India\u2019s Poliomyelitis Eradication: A Milestone in Public Health","volume":"59","author":"M Grover","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Tropical Pediatrics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70258-4","article-title":"Innovation for Polio Eradication","volume":"11","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"World Health Organization, The United Nations Children\u2019s Fund. Afghanistan, WHO and UNICEF estimates of immunization coverage: 2011 revision. 2012 p. 7."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Progress Toward Poliomyelitis Eradication\u2014Afghanistan and Pakistan, January 2010\u2014September 2011 (Internet). Accessed: 29 August 2015. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6044a4.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/mmwr\/preview\/mmwrhtml\/mm6044a4.html<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001109","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001109","article-title":"A Statistical Model of the International Spread of Wild Poliovirus in Africa Used to Predict and Prevent Outbreaks","volume":"8","author":"KM O\u2019Reilly","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Afghan Ministry of Public Health. Annual Report of Polio Eradication Initiative, Afghanistan, 2010. 2011 p. 1\u201340."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Conflict and Emerging Infectious Diseases\u2014Volume 13, Number 11\u2014November 2007\u2014Emerging Infectious Disease Journal\u2014CDC (Internet). Accessed: 29 August 2015. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/13\/11\/06-1093_article\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/wwwnc.cdc.gov\/eid\/article\/13\/11\/06-1093_article<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"The Afghanistan Protocol: Explosive Leaks Provide Image of War from Those Fighting It. Spiegel Online (Internet). 2010 Jul 25 Accessed: 29 August 2015; Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/world\/afghanistan-explosive-leaks-provide-image-of-war-a-708314.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.spiegel.de\/international\/world\/afghanistan-explosive-leaks-provide-image-of-war-a-708314.html<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Afghan Ministry of Public Health. Annual Report of Polio Eradication Initiative Afghanistan 2009. 2010 p. 26."},{"issue":"9840","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60648-5","article-title":"The Effect of Mass Immunisation Campaigns and New Oral Poliovirus Vaccines on the Incidence of Poliomyelitis in Pakistan and Afghanistan, 2001\u201311: a Retrospective Analysis","volume":"380","author":"KM O\u2019Reilly","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Defying Expectations: Polio Vaccination Programs Amid Political and Armed Conflict [Internet]. United States Institute of Peace. Accessed: 29 August 2015. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/defying-expectations-polio-vaccination-programs-amid-political-and-armed-conflict\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.usip.org\/publications\/defying-expectations-polio-vaccination-programs-amid-political-and-armed-conflict<\/ext-link>."},{"issue":"9840","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61279-3","article-title":"The Final Push for Polio Eradication?","volume":"380","author":"D Mohammadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Asia MR. The Relationship of Level of Traumatic Exposure, Perceived Stress, and Resilience with Salivary Cortisol and Salivary Alpha-amylase Diurnal Rhythm in Palestinian Children 10\u201312 Years Exposed to Chronic War Violence (dissertation). San Diego (CA): University of San Diego; 2010."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2009.07.003","article-title":"Substantial Reduction of Na\u00efve and Regulatory T cells following Traumatic Stress","volume":"23","author":"A Sommershof","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, and Immunity"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.276583","article-title":"Conflict and Polio: Winning the Polio Wars","volume":"310","author":"ZA Bhutta","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"23","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.284182","article-title":"Vaccination Effort Targets Middle East after Polio Outbreak in Syria","volume":"310","author":"MJ Friedrich","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149074","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T12:58:29Z","timestamp":1589029109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149074"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Imti","family":"Choonara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149074","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,9]]}}}