{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,28]],"date-time":"2026-01-28T05:39:06Z","timestamp":1769578746555,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1455840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149364","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]],"date-time":"2016-02-19T18:45:15Z","timestamp":1455907515000},"page":"e0149364","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Percutaneous Vaccination as an Effective Method of Delivery of MVA and MVA-Vectored Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Clement A.","family":"Meseda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vajini","family":"Atukorale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Kuhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Falko","family":"Schmeisser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerry P.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(04)00134-1","article-title":"ACAM2000 clonal Vero cell culture vaccinia virus (New York City Board of Health strain)\u2014a second-generation smallpox vaccine for biological defense","volume":"8","author":"TP Monath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.17.4.555","article-title":"ACAM2000: a newly licensed cell culture-based live vaccinia smallpox vaccine","volume":"17","author":"RN Greenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.05.048","article-title":"Cutaneous vaccination: antigen delivery into or onto the skin","volume":"31","author":"BG Weniger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"248","article-title":"Cardiac adverse events following smallpox vaccination\u2014United States, 2003","volume":"52","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3283","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.289.24.3283","article-title":"Myopericarditis following smallpox vaccination among vaccinia-naive US military personnel","volume":"289","author":"JS Halsell","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2004.05.004","article-title":"Incidence and follow-up of inflammatory cardiac complications after smallpox vaccination","volume":"44","author":"RE Eckart","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2013.06.001","article-title":"Smallpox vaccination-associated myopericarditis is more common with the newest smallpox vaccine","volume":"46","author":"DI Bruner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.62.4.549","article-title":"Jennerian prophylaxis by means of intradermal injections of culture vaccine virus","volume":"62","author":"TM Rivers","year":"1935","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-7435(74)90066-8","article-title":"Smallpox vaccination and its consequences: first experiences with the highly attenuated smallpox vaccine MVA","volume":"3","author":"HA Stickl","year":"1974","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref10","first-page":"375","article-title":"The smallpox vaccination strain MVA: marker, genetic structure, experience gained with the parenteral vaccination and behavior in organisms with a debilitated defence mechanism (author&apos;s transl)","volume":"167","author":"A Mayr","year":"1978","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol B"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-5-1159","article-title":"Modified vaccinia virus Ankara undergoes limited replication in human cells and lacks several immunomodulatory proteins: implications for use as a human vaccine","volume":"79","author":"TJ Blanchard","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1006\/viro.1997.8845","article-title":"Host range and cytopathogenicity of the highly attenuated MVA strain of vaccinia virus: propagation and generation of recombinant viruses in a nonhuman mammalian cell line","volume":"238","author":"MW Carroll","year":"1997","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-79-2-347","article-title":"Highly attenuated modified vaccinia virus Ankara replicates in baby hamster kidney cells, a potential host for virus propagation, but not in various human transformed and primary cells","volume":"79","author":"I Drexler","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4590","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0401165101","article-title":"Highly attenuated smallpox vaccine protects mice with and without immune deficiencies against pathogenic vaccinia virus challenge","volume":"101","author":"LS Wyatt","year":"2004","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02331","article-title":"Immunogenicity of a highly attenuated MVA smallpox vaccine and protection against monkeypox","volume":"428","author":"P Earl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7845","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.79.12.7845-7851.2005","article-title":"Modified vaccinia virus Ankara protects macaques against respiratory challenge with monkeypox virus","volume":"79","author":"KJ Stittelaar","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virol.2005.06.002","article-title":"Enhanced immunogenicity and protective effect conferred by vaccination with combinations of modified vaccinia virus Ankara and licensed smallpox vaccine Dryvax in a mouse model","volume":"339","author":"CA Meseda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Virology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit105","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of modified vaccinia Ankara in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"207","author":"SR Walsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofv040","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofv040","article-title":"Safety and Immunogenicity of Modified Vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic Smallpox Vaccine in Vaccinia-Naive and Experienced Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals: An Open-Label, Controlled Clinical Phase II Trial","volume":"2","author":"ET Overton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.21689","article-title":"Therapeutic vaccination to treat chronic infectious diseases: Current clinical developments using MVA-based vaccines","volume":"8","author":"H Boukhebza","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Vaccin Immunother"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.016","article-title":"Biosafety aspects of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vectors used for gene therapy or vaccination","volume":"30","author":"C Verheust","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.08.098","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a modified pox vector-based HIV\/AIDS vaccine candidate expressing Env, Gag, Pol and Nef proteins of HIV-1 subtype B (MVA-B) in healthy HIV-1-uninfected volunteers: A phase I clinical trial (RISVAC02)","volume":"29","author":"FJ Garcia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e55831","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0055831","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of DNA and MVA HIV-1 subtype C vaccine prime-boost regimens: a phase I randomised Trial in HIV-uninfected Indian volunteers","volume":"8","author":"SM Mehendale","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.08.034","article-title":"PedVacc 002: A phase I\/II randomized clinical trial of MVA.HIVA vaccine administered to infants born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1-positive mothers in Nairobi","volume":"32","author":"IN Njuguna","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60177-4","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of MVA85A, a new tuberculosis vaccine, in infants previously vaccinated with BCG: a randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2b trial","volume":"381","author":"MD Tameris","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70845-X","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a candidate tuberculosis vaccine MVA85A delivered by aerosol in BCG-vaccinated healthy adults: a phase 1, double-blind, randomised controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"I Satti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(15)00037-5","article-title":"Safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of the candidate tuberculosis vaccine MVA85A in healthy adults infected with HIV-1: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial","volume":"3","author":"BP Ndiaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e115161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115161","article-title":"A phase Ia study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of new malaria vaccine candidates ChAd63 CS administered alone and with MVA CS","volume":"9","author":"E de Barra","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2011.03.083","article-title":"A human Phase I\/IIa malaria challenge trial of a polyprotein malaria vaccine","volume":"29","author":"DW Porter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu579","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy of ChAd63-MVA vectored vaccines expressing circumsporozoite protein and ME-TRAP against controlled human malaria infection in malaria-naive individuals","volume":"211","author":"SH Hodgson","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v5.i5.1002","article-title":"Immune therapy for human papillomaviruses-related cancers","volume":"5","author":"R Rosales","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261ra153","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3009185","article-title":"A human vaccine strategy based on chimpanzee adenoviral and MVA vectors that primes, boosts, and sustains functional HCV-specific T cell memory","volume":"6","author":"L Swadling","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2014.03.007","article-title":"Efficacy of immunotherapy with TG4040, peg-interferon, and ribavirin in a Phase 2 study of patients with chronic HCV infection","volume":"147","author":"AM Di Bisceglie","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008748","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-008748","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of novel respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines based on the RSV viral proteins F, N and M2-1 encoded by simian adenovirus (PanAd3-RSV) and MVA (MVA-RSV); protocol for an open-label, dose-escalation, single-centre, phase 1 clinical trial in healthy adults","volume":"5","author":"CA Green","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e48322","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0048322","article-title":"A T cell-inducing influenza vaccine for the elderly: safety and immunogenicity of MVA-NP+M1 in adults aged over 50 years","volume":"7","author":"RD Antrobus","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70963-6","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of a modified-vaccinia-virus-Ankara\u2014based influenza A H5N1 vaccine: a randomised, double-blind phase 1\/2a clinical trial","volume":"14","author":"JH Kreijtz","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.150021","article-title":"Induction of influenza (H5N8) antibodies by modified vaccinia virus Ankara H5N1 vaccine","volume":"21","author":"RD de Vries","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5009","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-1122-T","article-title":"A recombinant modified vaccinia ankara vaccine encoding Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) target antigens: a phase I trial in UK patients with EBV-positive cancer","volume":"20","author":"GS Taylor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1676","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-12-2448","article-title":"Phase I trial of recombinant modified vaccinia ankara encoding Epstein-Barr viral tumor antigens in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients","volume":"73","author":"EP Hui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(15)00362-X","article-title":"Use of ChAd3-EBO-Z Ebola virus vaccine in Malian and US adults, and boosting of Malian adults with MVA-BN-Filo: a phase 1, single-blind, randomised trial, a phase 1b, open-label and double-blind, dose-escalation trial, and a nested, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"MD Tapia","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7282","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03246-12","article-title":"High, broad, polyfunctional, and durable T cell immune responses induced in mice by a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine candidate (MVA-HCV) based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the nearly full-length HCV genome","volume":"87","author":"CE Gomez","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.03418-13","article-title":"A novel poxvirus-based vaccine, MVA-CHIKV, is highly immunogenic and protects mice against chikungunya infection","volume":"88","author":"J Garcia-Arriaza","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11820","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11820","article-title":"Comparative assessment of vaccine vectors encoding ten malaria antigens identifies two protective liver-stage candidates","volume":"5","author":"RJ Longley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.11.022","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of IMVAMUNE, a promising candidate as a third generation smallpox vaccine","volume":"24","author":"J Vollmar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2005.12.003","article-title":"Needle-free vaccine delivery","volume":"58","author":"EL Giudice","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067984","article-title":"Effect of the deletion of genes encoding proteins of the extracellular virion form of vaccinia virus on vaccine immunogenicity and protective effectiveness in the mouse model","volume":"8","author":"CA Meseda","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2013.07.057","article-title":"Attenuation and immunogenicity of host-range extended modified vaccinia virus Ankara recombinants","volume":"31","author":"S Melamed","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2078","article-title":"Epidermal injury and infection during poxvirus immunization is crucial for the generation of highly protective T cell-mediated immunity","volume":"16","author":"L Liu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022442","article-title":"Microneedle array design determines the induction of protective memory CD8+ T cell responses induced by a recombinant live malaria vaccine in mice","volume":"6","author":"JB Carey","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67888","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067888","article-title":"Dry-coated live viral vector vaccines delivered by nanopatch microprojections retain long-term thermostability and induce transgene-specific T cell responses in mice","volume":"8","author":"FE Pearson","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1086\/344234","article-title":"Prime-boost immunization with DNA and modified vaccinia virus ankara vectors expressing herpes simplex virus-2 glycoprotein D elicits greater specific antibody and cytokine responses than DNA vaccine alone","volume":"186","author":"CA Meseda","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"1094","article-title":"Compact, synthetic, vaccinia virus early\/late promoter for protein expression","volume":"23","author":"S Chakrabarti","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.03.033","article-title":"Production and characterization of mammalian virus-like particles from modified vaccinia virus Ankara vectors expressing influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin and neuraminidase","volume":"30","author":"F Schmeisser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Current protocols in molecular biology","author":"PL Earl","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.4.937-943.1999","article-title":"Detection of antibody to avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in human serum by using a combination of serologic assays","volume":"37","author":"T Rowe","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8651","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00614-15","article-title":"Protective efficacy of recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara delivering Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike glycoprotein","volume":"89","author":"A Volz","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1361","DOI":"10.1086\/651561","article-title":"Safety and immunogenicity of modified vaccinia Ankara (ACAM3000): effect of dose and route of administration","volume":"201","author":"MB Wilck","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122653","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122653","article-title":"Cardiac safety of Modified Vaccinia Ankara for vaccination against smallpox in a young, healthy study population","volume":"10","author":"EM Zitzmann-Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.05.020","article-title":"Efficacy assessment of an MVA vectored Rift Valley Fever vaccine in lambs","volume":"108","author":"N Busquets","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.12.7","article-title":"Evaluation of MVA-5T4 as a novel immunotherapeutic vaccine in colorectal, renal and prostate cancer","volume":"8","author":"RJ Amato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.07.103","article-title":"Smallpox vaccines for biodefense","volume":"27","author":"RB Kennedy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7753","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00185-14","article-title":"Protective properties of vaccinia virus-based vaccines: skin scarification promotes a nonspecific immune response that protects against orthopoxvirus disease","volume":"88","author":"AD Rice","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2006.11.016","article-title":"Studies of a prophylactic HIV-1 vaccine candidate based on modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) with and without DNA priming: effects of dosage and route on safety and immunogenicity","volume":"25","author":"BS Peters","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.12.042","article-title":"Comparing the safety and immunogenicity of a candidate TB vaccine MVA85A administered by intramuscular and intradermal delivery","volume":"31","author":"J Meyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1517\/17425247.2012.676038","article-title":"Microneedle-mediated vaccine delivery: harnessing cutaneous immunobiology to improve efficacy","volume":"9","author":"S Al-Zahrani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Deliv"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a2052","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a2052","article-title":"Efficacy of percutaneous versus intradermal BCG in the prevention of tuberculosis in South African infants: randomised trial","volume":"337","author":"A Hawkridge","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.01.089","article-title":"Inactivated polio vaccination using a microneedle patch is immunogenic in the rhesus macaque","volume":"33","author":"C Edens","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.01.086","article-title":"Enhanced immune responses by skin vaccination with influenza subunit vaccine in young hosts","volume":"33","author":"DG Koutsonanos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1038\/srep00357","article-title":"Delivery of subunit influenza vaccine to skin with microneedles improves immunogenicity and long-lived protection","volume":"2","author":"DG Koutsonanos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2010.07.125","article-title":"Dose sparing enabled by skin immunization with influenza virus-like particle vaccine using microneedles","volume":"147","author":"FS Quan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.09.062","article-title":"Measles vaccination using a microneedle patch","volume":"31","author":"C Edens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043540","article-title":"Dose sparing with intradermal injection of influenza vaccine","volume":"351","author":"RT Kenney","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6755","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2007.06.066","article-title":"Comparative immunogenicity of trivalent influenza vaccine administered by intradermal or intramuscular route in healthy adults","volume":"25","author":"RB Belshe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2007.11.010","article-title":"Long-term anti-rabies antibody persistence following intramuscular or low-dose intradermal vaccination of young Vietnamese children","volume":"102","author":"NC Vien","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10851","article-title":"Skin infection generates non-migratory memory CD8+ T(RM) cells providing global skin immunity","volume":"483","author":"X Jiang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.04.046","article-title":"Skin vaccination with live virus vectored microneedle arrays induce long lived CD8(+) T cell memory","volume":"33","author":"PD Becker","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.06.075","article-title":"Comparison of lyophilized versus liquid modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) formulations and subcutaneous versus intradermal routes of administration in healthy vaccinia-naive subjects","volume":"33","author":"SE Frey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copbio.2004.09.001","article-title":"Modified vaccinia virus Ankara as antigen delivery system: how can we best use its potential?","volume":"15","author":"I Drexler","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1586\/erv.09.4","article-title":"Candidate influenza vaccines based on recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara","volume":"8","author":"GF Rimmelzwaan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Expert Rev Vaccines"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1086\/517614","article-title":"Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara-based vaccine induces protective immunity in mice against infection with influenza virus H5N1","volume":"195","author":"JH Kreijtz","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3063","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0803467","article-title":"Vaccinia virus-based multivalent H5N1 avian influenza vaccines adjuvanted with IL-15 confer sterile cross-clade protection in mice","volume":"182","author":"LL Poon","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16247","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016247","article-title":"Vectors based on modified vaccinia Ankara expressing influenza H5N1 hemagglutinin induce substantial cross-clade protective immunity","volume":"6","author":"A Hessel","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13300","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01532-14","article-title":"Broad protection against avian influenza virus by using a modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing a mosaic hemagglutinin gene","volume":"88","author":"A Kamlangdee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.024885-0","article-title":"Evaluation of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based candidate pandemic influenza A\/H1N1 vaccine in the ferret model","volume":"91","author":"JH Kreijtz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2009.03.020","article-title":"Preclinical evaluation of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA)-based vaccine against influenza A\/H5N1 viruses","volume":"27","author":"JH Kreijtz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13418","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01219-14","article-title":"Modified vaccinia virus Ankara encoding influenza virus hemagglutinin induces heterosubtypic immunity in macaques","volume":"88","author":"NW Florek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.10.017","article-title":"Coated microneedles for transdermal delivery","volume":"117","author":"HS Gill","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref88","first-page":"369","article-title":"Microneedle-based vaccines","volume":"333","author":"MR Prausnitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Top Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2011.12.026","article-title":"Coated microneedle arrays for transcutaneous delivery of live virus vaccines","volume":"159","author":"A Vrdoljak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22442","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022442","article-title":"Microneedle array design determines the induction of protective memory CD8+ T cell responses induced by a recombinant live malaria vaccine in mice","volume":"6","author":"JB Carey","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149364","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,15]],"date-time":"2020-09-15T20:32:45Z","timestamp":1600201965000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149364"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Suryaprakash","family":"Sambhara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]},"references-count":90,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0149364","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,2,19]]}}}