{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T22:46:39Z","timestamp":1779921999061,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1457308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]],"date-time":"2016-03-07T18:35:18Z","timestamp":1457375718000},"page":"e0150619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Effects of Ranolazine on Astrocytes and Neurons in Primary Culture"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Aldasoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sol","family":"Guerra-Ojeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Aguirre-Rueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00aa Dolores","family":"Mauricio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose M\u00aa","family":"Vila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Marchio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Iradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Constanza","family":"Aldasoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Jorda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Obrador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soraya L.","family":"Valles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200666050-00010","article-title":"Ranolazine: a review of its use in chronic stable angina pectoris","volume":"66","author":"MA Siddiqui","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2011.11.003","article-title":"Role of ranolazine in angina, heart failure, arrhythmias, and diabetes","volume":"133","author":"S Sossalla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.291.3.309","article-title":"Effects of ranolazine with atenolol, amlodipine, or diltiazem on exercise tolerance and angina frequency in patients with severe chronic angina: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"291","author":"BR Chaitman","year":"2004","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2003.11.045","article-title":"Antiischemic effects and long-term survival during ranolazine monotherapy in patients with chronic severe angina","volume":"43","author":"BR Chaitman","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707522","article-title":"Inhibition of late sodium current to reduce electrical and mechanical dysfunction of ischaemic myocardium","volume":"153","author":"JC Shryock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2011.06.018","article-title":"Ranolazine reduces Ca2+ overload and oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial integrity to protect against ischemia reperfusion injury in isolated hearts","volume":"64","author":"M Aldakkak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05598","article-title":"Gating pore current in an inherited ion channelopathy","volume":"446","author":"S Sokolov","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705879","article-title":"Ranolazine: ion-channel-blocking actions and in vivo electrophysiological effects","volume":"142","author":"G Schram","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2462","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.597500","article-title":"Ranolazine for the treatment of chronic angina and potential use in other cardiovascular conditions","volume":"113","author":"BR Chaitman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"92","key":"ref10","first-page":"6","article-title":"Inhibition of the late sodium current as a potential cardioprotective principle: effects of the late sodium current inhibitor ranolazine","volume":"IV","author":"L Belardinelli","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e32832a198b","article-title":"Ranolazine improves endothelial function in patients with stable coronary artery disease","volume":"20","author":"SH Deshmukh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.763912","article-title":"MERLIN-TIMI 36 Investigators. Evaluation of the glycometabolic effects of ranolazine in patients with and without diabetes mellitus in the MERLIN-TIMI 36 randomized controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"DA Morrow","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.110.176396","article-title":"Ranolazine increases \u03b2-cell survival and improves glucose homeostasis in low-dose streptozotocin-induced diabetes in mice","volume":"337","author":"Y Ning","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.12150","article-title":"Effects of the antianginal drug, ranolazine, on the brain sodium channel Na(V)1.2 and its modulation by extracellular protons","volume":"169","author":"CH Peters","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00435.2012","article-title":"Slowly inactivating component of Na+ current in peri-somatic region of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons","volume":"109","author":"YY Park","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e3283323c90","article-title":"Ranolazine attenuates behavioral signs of neuropathic pain","volume":"20","author":"HJ Gould 3rd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.09018FP","article-title":"Effects of ranolazine, a novel anti-anginal drug, on ion currents and membrane potential in pituitary tumor GH(3) cells and NG108-15 neuronal cells","volume":"110","author":"BS Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2007.07.026","article-title":"The roles of sodium channels in nociception: Implications for mechanisms of pain","volume":"131","author":"TR Cummins","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00976.x","article-title":"Ranolazine selectively blocks persistent current evoked by epilepsy-associated Nav1.1mutations","volume":"161","author":"K Kahlig","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13125","article-title":"The contribution of astrocytes and microglia to traumatic brain injury","volume":"173","author":"IP Karve","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3265","article-title":"The anatomical and cellular basis of immune surveillance in the central nervous system","volume":"12","author":"RM Ransohoff","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1474-9726.2007.00356.x","article-title":"Oestradiol or genistein rescues neurons from amyloid beta-induced cell","volume":"7","author":"S Valles","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aging Cell"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-009-0619-8","article-title":"Astrocytes: biology and pathology","volume":"119","author":"MV Sofroniew","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.10035","article-title":"Astrocytes protect neurons from A\u03b21\u201342 peptide-induced neurotoxicity increasing TFAM and PGC-1 and decreasing PPAR-\u03b3 and SIRT-1","volume":"12","author":"D Aguirre-Rueda","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122843","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122843","article-title":"WIN 55,212\u20132, Agonist of Cannabinoid Receptors, Prevents Amyloid \u03b21\u201342 Effects on Astrocytes in Primary Culture","volume":"10","author":"D Aguirre-Rueda","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(77)90043-4","article-title":"A simplification of the protein assay method of Lowry et al. which is more generally applicable","volume":"83","author":"GL Peterson","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anal.Biochem"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.06.004","article-title":"Astrocytic-neuronal crosstalk: implications for neuroprotection from brain injury","volume":"71","author":"GE Barreto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1403.002","article-title":"The brain as a target for inflammatory processes and neuroprotective strategies","volume":"122","author":"SD Skaper","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"1005","article-title":"Inflammation in Alzheimer disease: driving force, bystander or beneficial response?","volume":"12","author":"T Wyss-Coray","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat. Medi"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2013.09.052","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory substances can influence some glial cell types but not others","volume":"1539","author":"J Forshammar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(01)00920-7","article-title":"Ranolazine, a partial fatty acid oxidation inhibitor, reduces myocardial infarct size and cardiac troponin T release in the rat","volume":"418","author":"K Zacharowski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.06.001","article-title":"Pathophysiology and pharmacology of the cardiac &quot;late sodium current&quot;","volume":"119","author":"A Zaza","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200108000-00029","article-title":"Neuroprotective effect of low-dose lidocaine in a rat model of transient focal cerebral ischemia","volume":"95","author":"B Lei","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.2899","article-title":"Blockage of the upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel nav1.3 improves outcomes after experimental traumatic brain injury","volume":"31","author":"XJ Huang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21172","article-title":"Exacerbation of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after withdrawal of phenytoin and carbamazepine","volume":"62","author":"JA Black","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22671","article-title":"Voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.5 contributes to astrogliosis in an in vitro model of glial injury via reverse Na(+) \/Ca(2+) exchange","volume":"62","author":"LW Pappalardo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2011.10.004","article-title":"Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in neurodegenerative diseases","volume":"87","author":"JA Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12364","article-title":"Ultralow concentrations of bupivacaine exert anti-inflammatory effects on inflammation-reactive astrocytes","volume":"38","author":"L Block","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2009.07.012","article-title":"Astrocytic dysfunction: insights on the role in neurodegeneration","volume":"80","author":"D Rossi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2009.08.016","article-title":"Activated astroglia during chronic inflammation in Alzheimer&apos;s disease\u2014do they neglect their neurosupportive roles?","volume":"690","author":"S Fuller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mutat Res"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.05886.x","article-title":"Inflammation mediates varying effects in neurogenesis: relevance to the pathogenesis of brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"108","author":"NP Whitney","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e92325","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092325","article-title":"Human astrocytes: secretome profiles of cytokines and chemokines","volume":"9","author":"SS Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e90584","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0090584","article-title":"Long-term functional consequences and ongoing cerebral inflammation after subarachnoid hemorrhage in the rat","volume":"9","author":"E Kooijman","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2010.08.007","article-title":"The roles of TNF in brain dysfunction and disease","volume":"128","author":"IA Clark","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.012","article-title":"Noncanonical roles of voltage-gated sodium channels","volume":"80","author":"JA Black","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22559","article-title":"An increase in voltage-gated sodium channel current elicits microglial activation followed inflammatory responses in vitro and in vivo after spinal cord injury","volume":"61","author":"GY Jung","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1072","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20830","article-title":"Sodium channel activity modulates multiple functions in microglia","volume":"57","author":"JA Black","year":"2009","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8259-8","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3) and neurodegenerative disorders","volume":"46","author":"Y Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1038\/ncpneuro0586","article-title":"Drug insight: effects mediated by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma in CNS disorders","volume":"3","author":"M Heneka","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Clin Pract Neurol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2009.11.044","article-title":"Estradiol or genistein prevent Alzheimer&apos;s disease-associated inflammation correlating with an increase PPAR gamma expression in cultured astrocytes","volume":"2","author":"S Valles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-091336","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 agonist curcumin reduces the amyloid-\u03b2-stimulated inflammatory responses in primary astrocytes","volume":"20","author":"H Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1210\/me.2011-1253","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 decouples fatty acid uptake from lipid inhibition of insulin signaling in skeletal muscle","volume":"26","author":"S Hu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1179\/016164105X25225","article-title":"New horizons for primary intracerebral hemorrhage treatment: experience from preclinical studies","volume":"27","author":"J Aronowski","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurol Res"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2004.17.4.829049","article-title":"Antiinflammatory properties of PPAR gamma agonists following ischemia","volume":"17","author":"S Sundararajan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2006.03758.x","article-title":"Neuroprotection against focal ischemic brain injury by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist rosiglitazone","volume":"97","author":"Y Luo","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.2174\/1568010042634578","article-title":"PPARs as drug targets to modulate inflammatory responses?","volume":"3","author":"R Genolet","year":"2004","journal-title":"Current Drug Targets: Inflammation and Allergy"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2007.10.012","article-title":"Pioglitazone, a PPARgamma ligand, suppresses NFkappB activation through inhibition of IkappaB kinase activation in cerulein-treated AR42J cells","volume":"62","author":"H Wan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(02)00703-1","article-title":"Missing pieces in the NF-kappaB puzzle","volume":"109","author":"S Ghosh","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3498","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002470","article-title":"N2 neutrophils, novel players in brain inflammation after stroke: modulation by the PPAR\u03b3 agonist rosiglitazone","volume":"44","author":"M Cuartero","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2007.06.010","article-title":"PPARgamma activation primes human monocytes into alternative M2 macrophages with anti-inflammatory properties","volume":"6","author":"M Bouhlel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"key":"ref61","article-title":"Clinical Use of PPARgamma Ligands in Cancer","author":"J Hatton","year":"2008","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"ref62","article-title":"PPAR-\u03b3 agonists and their effects on IGF-I receptor signaling: Implications for cancer","author":"A Belfiore","year":"2009","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00176-6","article-title":"Induction of the rat Cu\/Zn superoxidedismutase gene through the peroxisome proliferator-responsive element by arachidonic acid","volume":"234","author":"H Yoo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6186","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5857-08.2009","article-title":"Neuronal PPAR gamma deficiency increases susceptibility to brain damage after cerebral ischemia","volume":"13","author":"X Zhao","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-200101000-00002","article-title":"Reactive oxygen radicals in signaling and damage in the ischemic brain","volume":"21","author":"P Chan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1053\/meta.2001.19415","article-title":"The ligands\/activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARgamma increase Cu2+,Zn2+-superoxide dismutase and decrease p22phox message expressions in primary endothelial cells","volume":"50","author":"I Inoue","year":"2001","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2007.06.027","article-title":"Cardiac peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is essential in protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage","volume":"76","author":"G Ding","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.1.135","article-title":"Ranolazine stimulates glucose oxidation in normoxic, ischemic, and reperfused ischemic rat hearts","volume":"93","author":"JG McCormack","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2011.11.021","article-title":"Damage to mitochondrial complex I during cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury is reduced indirectly by anti-anginal drug ranolazine","volume":"1817","author":"A Gadicherla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/70978","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase estimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease","volume":"5","author":"G Liberatore","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.2000.0914","article-title":"Inflammatory regulators in Parkinson&apos;s disease: iNOS, lipocortin-1,and cyclooxygenases-1 and -2","volume":"16","author":"C Knott","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref72","first-page":"93","article-title":"Reactive astrocytosis. Michael Aschner and Harold K. Kimelberg, editors","author":"M Norenberg","year":"1996","journal-title":"Therole of glia in neurotoxicity"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.64.070195.000525","article-title":"Superoxide radical and superoxide dismutases","volume":"64","author":"I Fridovich","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00444.2009","article-title":"A slowly inactivating sodium current contributes to spontaneous diastolic depolarization of atrial myocytes","volume":"297","author":"YSJ Song","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000090","article-title":"Ranolazine Attenuates Hypoxia- and Hydrogen Peroxide-Induced Increases in Sodium Channel Late Openings in Ventricular Myocytes","volume":"64","author":"J Ma","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-015-2067-z","article-title":"Effects of addictive drugs on adult neural stem\/progenitor cells","volume":"73","author":"X Chi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Mol Lif Sci"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2231","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3574-07.2008","article-title":"Ciliary neurotrophic factor mediates dopamine D2 receptor-induced CNS neurogenesis in adult mice","volume":"28","author":"P Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3236","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003236","article-title":"Abeta mediated diminution of MTT reduction\u2014an artefact of single cell culture?","volume":"3","author":"R R\u00f6nicke","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2692","DOI":"10.3892\/or.2014.3143","article-title":"Expression of neonatal Nav1.5 in human brain astrocytoma and its effect on proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of astrocytoma cells","volume":"31","author":"D Xing","year":"2014","journal-title":"Oncol Rep"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2014.08.016","article-title":"Beneficial effects of deferoxamine against astrocyte death induced by modified oxygen glucose deprivation","volume":"1583","author":"R Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.11.052","article-title":"2-(3&apos;,5&apos;-Dimethoxybenzylidene) cyclopentanone, a novel synthetic small-molecule compound, provides neuroprotective effects against ischemic stroke","volume":"316","author":"WW Gu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.cdd.4400476","article-title":"Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis","volume":"6","author":"AG Porter","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"ref83","first-page":"33","article-title":"Induction of apoptotic program in cell-free extracts: requirement for dATP and cytochrome c","volume":"86","author":"X Liu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"147","article-title":"Smac, a mitochondrial protein that promotes cytochrome c-dependent caspase activation by eliminating IAP inhibition","volume":"86","author":"C Du","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6627","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/20.23.6627","article-title":"Apoptosis-associated release of Smac\/DIABLO from mitochondria requires active caspases and is blocked by Bcl-2","volume":"20","author":"A Colin","year":"2001","journal-title":"EMBO J"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0150619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,5]],"date-time":"2019-09-05T09:07:43Z","timestamp":1567674463000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0150619"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Hetman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0150619","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,7]]}}}