{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T23:18:20Z","timestamp":1792624700527,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1461628800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]],"date-time":"2016-04-26T13:34:38Z","timestamp":1461677678000},"page":"e0151219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":542,"title":["Global Economic Burden of Norovirus Gastroenteritis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Sarah M.","family":"Bartsch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Lopman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sachiko","family":"Ozawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aron J.","family":"Hall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Burden of Disease. Global Health Data Exchange 2013. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/irank\/arrow.php\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/vizhub.healthdata.org\/irank\/arrow.php<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(14)70767-4","article-title":"Global prevalence of norovirus in cases of gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"SM Ahmed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076813511450","article-title":"Systematic analysis of funding awarded for norovirus research to institutions in the United Kingdom, 1997\u20132010","volume":"107","author":"MG Head","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X.JFP-14-313","article-title":"Consumer education needed on norovirus prevention and control: findings from a nationally representative survey of U.S. adults","volume":"78","author":"SC Cates","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref5","first-page":"491","article-title":"Vital signs: foodborne norovirus outbreaks\u2014United States, 2009\u20132012","volume":"63","author":"AJ Hall","year":"2014","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e72788","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0072788","article-title":"Global causes of diarrheal disease mortality in children &lt;5 years of age: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"CF Lanata","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000022","article-title":"Epidemiology of human noroviruses and updates on vaccine development","volume":"30","author":"S Ramani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1086\/657910","article-title":"Economic impact of outbreaks of norovirus infection in hospitals","volume":"32","author":"BY Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1086\/520666","article-title":"Outbreak management and implications of a nosocomial norovirus outbreak","volume":"45","author":"CP Johnston","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.06.018","article-title":"Epidemiology and costs associated with norovirus outbreaks in NHS Lothian, Scotland 2007\u20132009","volume":"79","author":"J Danial","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Hospital Infection"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1086\/502537","article-title":"Impact of an outbreak of norovirus infection on hospital resources","volume":"26","author":"W Zingg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology"},{"issue":"49","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.09.040","article-title":"The potential economic value of a human norovirus vaccine for the United States","volume":"30","author":"SM Bartsch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. World Population Prospects: The 2012 Revision, DVD Edition 2013."},{"issue":"12","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0142927","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0142927","article-title":"Aetiology-specific estimates of the global and regional incidence and mortality of diarrhoeal diseases commonly transmitted through food","volume":"10","author":"SM Pires","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Global Budren of Disease (GBD) Data Seattle, WA: IHME; 2010 [updated April 2015]. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/gbd\/data\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.healthdata.org\/gbd\/data<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref16","author":"AE Robinson","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268810000932","article-title":"Acute gastrointestinal illness in New Zealand: a community study","volume":"139","author":"SB Adlam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref18","first-page":"1381","article-title":"Incidence of acute gastroenteritis and role of norovirus, Georgia, USA, 2004\u20132005","volume":"17","author":"AJ Hall","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyh413","article-title":"Prevalence of diarrhoea in the community in Australia, Canada, Ireland, and the United States","volume":"34","author":"E Scallan","year":"2005","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811002020","article-title":"The burden of self-reported actue gastrointestinal illness in Italy: a retrospective survey, 2008\u20132009","volume":"140","author":"G Scavia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","first-page":"119","article-title":"Diarrhoea episodes and treatment-seeking behaviour in a slum area of North Jakarta, Indonesia","volume":"22","author":"CH Simanjuntak","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Health Population and Nutrition"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","first-page":"130","article-title":"Factors associated with reported diarrhoea episodes and treatment-seeking in an urban slum of Kolkata, India","volume":"22","author":"D Sur","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Health Population and Nutrition"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-787","article-title":"Estimating the burden of acute gastrointestinal illness in the community in Gansu Province, northwest China, 2012\u20132013","volume":"14","author":"X-L Sang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-456","article-title":"Burden of self-reported actue gastrointestinal illness in China: a population-based survey","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811001853","article-title":"Incidence of self-reported actue gastrointestinal infections in the community in Poland: a population-based study","volume":"140","author":"A Baumann-Popczyk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","first-page":"424","article-title":"Health seeking behavior among Malaysians with acute diarrheal disease","volume":"42","author":"GH Tee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Southeast Asia Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268811000999","article-title":"Burden of acute gastroenteritis and healthcare-seeking behaviour in France: a population-based study","volume":"140","author":"D Van Cauteren","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.12-0751","article-title":"Health care utilization and attitudes survey: understanding diarrheal disease in rural Gambia","volume":"89","author":"D Saha","year":"2013","journal-title":"American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"60","article-title":"Patterns of care seeking during epidoses of childhood diarrhea and its relation to preventative care patterns: national integrated monitoring and evaluation survey (IMES) of family health Islamic Republic of Iran","volume":"3","author":"ME Motlagh","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-74","article-title":"Burden of acute gastroenteritis among children younger than 5 years of age\u2014a survey among parents in the United Arab Emirates","volume":"12","author":"M Howidi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Updated Income Classifications"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq163","article-title":"Increasing rates of gastroenteritis hospital discharges in US adults and the contribution of norovirus, 1996\u20132007","volume":"52","author":"BA Lopman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq021","article-title":"Community incidence of norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease in England: improved estimates using viral load for norovirus diagnosis","volume":"171","author":"G Phillips","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"U.S. Census Bureau. National Population Estimates 2010. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/2010.census.gov\/2010census\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/2010.census.gov\/2010census\/<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268812000799","article-title":"The estimated disease burden of norovirus in The Netherlands","volume":"141","author":"L Verhoff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"ref36","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref37","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref38","year":"2011"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1776","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0804575","article-title":"Norovirus gastroenteritis","volume":"361","author":"RI Glass","year":"2009","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"ref40","article-title":"Global Health Observatory: Country Statistics","year":"2013"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S16","DOI":"10.1086\/605026","article-title":"Economic costs of rotavirus gastroenteritis and cost-effectiveness of vaccination in developing countries","volume":"200","author":"RD Rheingans","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.2165\/11537200-000000000-00000","article-title":"Rotavirus infections and vaccines: burden of illness and potential impact of vaccination","volume":"12","author":"K Grimwood","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr Drugs"},{"key":"ref43","year":"2009"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0125878","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125878","article-title":"Household catastrophic healthcare expenditure and impoverishment due to rotavirus gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization in Malaysia","volume":"10","author":"T Loganathan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-642","article-title":"The economic burden of pediatric gastroenteritis to Bolivian families: a cross-sectional study of correlates of catastrophic cost and overall cost burden","volume":"14","author":"RM Burke","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S76","DOI":"10.1086\/605058","article-title":"Rotavirus disease burden and impact and cost-effectiveness of a rotavirus vaccination program in kenya","volume":"200","author":"JE Tate","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e768","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0000768","article-title":"Etiology of diarrhea in older children, adolescents and adults: a systematic review","volume":"4","author":"CL Fisher Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1086\/529441","article-title":"Digital decision making: computer models and antibiotic prescribing in the twenty-first century","volume":"46","author":"BY Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10346","article-title":"Incidence and characteristics of endemic Norwalk-like virus-associated gastroenteritis","volume":"69","author":"JA Marshall","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1086\/341408","article-title":"Natural history of human calicivirus infection: a prospective cohort study","volume":"35","author":"B Rockx","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit763","article-title":"Multiple norovirus infection in a birth cohort in a Peruvian periurban community","volume":"8","author":"M Saito","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis576","article-title":"Postinfectious gastrointestinal disorders following norovirus outbreaks","volume":"55","author":"CK Porter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1007\/s12098-011-0561-3","article-title":"Risk factors for predicting diarrheal duration and morbidity in children with acute diarrhea","volume":"79","author":"AB Patel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/39.1.87","article-title":"Malnutrition is a determining factor in diarrheal duration, but not incidence, among young children in a longitudinal study in rural Bangladesh","volume":"39","author":"RE Black","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.3.728","article-title":"Malnutrition is associated with increased diarrhoea incidence and duration among children in an urban Brazilian slum","volume":"19","author":"JB Schorling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1992.47.28","article-title":"Diarrhea as a cause and an effect of malnutrition: diarrhea prevents catch-up growth and malnutrition increases diarrhea frequency and duration","volume":"47","author":"RL Guerrant","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60222-6","article-title":"Global burden of childhood pneumonia and diarrhoea","volume":"381","author":"CL Fisher Walker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref58","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref59","article-title":"Global Burden of Disease Regions used for WHO-CHOICE Analyses"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0151219","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T21:45:39Z","timestamp":1567806339000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0151219"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Donald R.","family":"Olson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0151219","relation":{"has-review":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.3410\/f.726313795.793527501","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,26]]}}}