{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:51:41Z","timestamp":1789541501690,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1458604800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]],"date-time":"2016-03-22T13:35:42Z","timestamp":1458653742000},"page":"e0152014","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":85,"title":["Computer-Assisted Orthognathic Surgery for Patients with Cleft Lip\/Palate: From Traditional Planning to Three-Dimensional Surgical Simulation"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Daniel","family":"Lonic","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Betty Chien-Jung","family":"Pai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuaki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peerasak","family":"Chortrakarnkij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsiu-Hsia","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lun-Jou","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ref1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in the United States: estimates from the NHANES III survey","volume":"13","author":"WR Proffit","year":"1998","journal-title":"The International journal of adult orthodontics and orthognathic surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/00006534-199309001-00003","article-title":"Computer-assisted three-dimensional planning in craniofacial surgery","volume":"92","author":"DE Altobelli","year":"1993","journal-title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coms.2007.04.006","article-title":"Three-dimensional imaging for virtual assessment and treatment simulation in orthognathic surgery","volume":"19","author":"R Caloss","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America"},{"key":"ref4","article-title":"Computer-aided planning in orthognathic surgery-systematic review","author":"OL Haas Jr","year":"2014","journal-title":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cps.2007.04.005","article-title":"Two-dimensional cephalometry and computerized orthognathic surgical treatment planning","volume":"34","author":"B Kusnoto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clinics in plastic surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512013000300011","article-title":"The evolution of cephalometric diagnosis in orthodontics","volume":"18","author":"MB da Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dental press journal of orthodontics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.04.001","article-title":"Clinical feasibility of computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) in the treatment of complex cranio-maxillofacial deformities","volume":"65","author":"J Gateno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2006.10.005","article-title":"Accuracy of the computer-aided surgical simulation (CASS) system in the treatment of patients with complex craniomaxillofacial deformity: A pilot study","volume":"65","author":"JJ Xia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2011.03.014","article-title":"3D planning in orthognathic surgery: CAD\/CAM surgical splints and prediction of the soft and hard tissues results\u2014our experience in 16 cases","volume":"40","author":"S Aboul-Hosn Centenero","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery: official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2015.01.017","article-title":"Three-dimensional computer-assisted surgical simulation and intraoperative navigation in orthognathic surgery: a literature review","volume":"114","author":"HH Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.03.027","article-title":"Accuracy of a computer-aided surgical simulation protocol for orthognathic surgery: a prospective multicenter study","volume":"71","author":"SS Hsu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.12.010","article-title":"Computer-assisted orthognathic surgery for correction of facial asymmetry: results of a randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"52","author":"G De Riu","year":"2014","journal-title":"The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2013.03.007","article-title":"A novel method of computer aided orthognathic surgery using individual CAD\/CAM templates: a combination of osteotomy and repositioning guides","volume":"51","author":"B Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.09.035","article-title":"A novel design of a computer-generated splint for vertical repositioning of the maxilla after Le Fort I osteotomy","volume":"115","author":"MF Shehab","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31829a80d9","article-title":"Accuracy of upper jaw positioning with intermediate splint fabrication after virtual planning in bimaxillary orthognathic surgery","volume":"24","author":"Y Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of craniofacial surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2151.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.07.007","article-title":"A paradigm shift in orthognathic surgery? A comparison of navigation, computer-aided designed\/computer-aided manufactured splints, and &quot;classic&quot; intermaxillary splints to surgical transfer of virtual orthognathic planning","volume":"71","author":"MJ Zinser","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S118","DOI":"10.1097\/SAP.0000000000000455","article-title":"Three-dimensional computer-assisted orthognathic surgery: experience of 37 patients","volume":"74","author":"HH Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annals of plastic surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2014","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.02.018","article-title":"Outcome study of computer-aided surgical simulation in the treatment of patients with craniomaxillofacial deformities","volume":"69","author":"JJ Xia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.09.010","article-title":"New 3-dimensional cephalometric analysis for orthognathic surgery","volume":"69","author":"J Gateno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2005.04.006","article-title":"A comparison of craniofacial morphology in patients with and without facial asymmetry\u2014a three-dimensional analysis with computed tomography","volume":"35","author":"TG Kwon","year":"2006","journal-title":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","first-page":"70","article-title":"Facial asymmetry in healthy North American Caucasians. An anthropometrical study","volume":"51","author":"LG Farkas","year":"1981","journal-title":"The Angle orthodontist"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2334\/josnusd.56.165","article-title":"Three-dimensional craniofacial morphology in unilateral cleft lip and palate","volume":"56","author":"E Abuhijleh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of oral science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.11.023","article-title":"Impact of facial asymmetry in visual perception: a 3-dimensional data analysis","volume":"137","author":"P Meyer-Marcotty","year":"2010","journal-title":"American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.03.019","article-title":"Articulators in orthodontics: an evidence-based perspective","volume":"129","author":"DJ Rinchuse","year":"2006","journal-title":"American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e140","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000000414","article-title":"Accurate movement of jaw segment in virtual 3D orthognathic surgery","volume":"25","author":"J Dai","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of craniofacial surgery"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.06.199","article-title":"Artifact-resistant superimposition of digital dental models and cone-beam computed tomography images","volume":"71","author":"HH Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0117604","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117604","article-title":"Comparative validity and reproducibility study of various landmark-oriented reference planes in 3-dimensional computed tomographic analysis for patients receiving orthognathic surgery","volume":"10","author":"HH Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2000.280305.x","article-title":"Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: I. Reliability of the instrument","volume":"28","author":"SJ Cunningham","year":"2000","journal-title":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0528.2002.300201.x","article-title":"Development of a condition-specific quality of life measure for patients with dentofacial deformity: II. Validity and responsiveness testing","volume":"30","author":"SJ Cunningham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Community dentistry and oral epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2008.01.006","article-title":"Impact of orthognathic surgery on quality of life","volume":"66","author":"S Lee","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/PRS.0b013e31818820d8","article-title":"Single-splint technique for correction of severe facial asymmetry: correlation between intraoperative maxillomandibular complex roll and restoration of mouth symmetry","volume":"122","author":"L Bergeron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285693","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/285693","article-title":"Localization of basicranium midline by submentovertex projection for the evaluation of condylar asymmetry","volume":"2012","author":"M Maglione","year":"2012","journal-title":"International journal of dentistry"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92e","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000282728.97278.a2","article-title":"Surgical cephalometrics: applications and developments","volume":"120","author":"CA Hurst","year":"2007","journal-title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr\/81889955","article-title":"Comparison of reliability in anatomical landmark identification using two-dimensional digital cephalometrics and three-dimensional cone beam computed tomography in vivo","volume":"38","author":"PC Chien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dento maxillo facial radiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.07.043","article-title":"Maxillary yaw as the primary predictor of maxillary dental midline deviation: 3D analysis using cone-beam computed tomography","volume":"71","author":"WW Song","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2005.01.004","article-title":"From 2-dimensional cephalograms to 3-dimensional computed tomography scans","volume":"127","author":"DJ Halazonetis","year":"2005","journal-title":"American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics: official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics"},{"issue":"4 Suppl","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.prs.0000305955.67554.40","article-title":"MOC-PS(SM) CME article: late cleft lip nasal deformity","volume":"121","author":"B Guyuron","year":"2008","journal-title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12010","article-title":"Facial asymmetry index in normal young adults","volume":"16","author":"CS Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Orthodontics & craniofacial research"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-015-1223-0","article-title":"Development of customized positioning guides using computer-aided design and manufacturing technology for orthognathic surgery","volume":"10","author":"HH Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"International journal of computer assisted radiology and surgery"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2015.06.009","article-title":"Intraoperative navigation for single-splint two-jaw orthognathic surgery: From model to actual surgery","volume":"43","author":"HW Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of cranio-maxillo-facial surgery: official publication of the European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-010-0247-4","article-title":"Development of a simulation system in mandibular orthognathic surgery based on integrated three-dimensional data","volume":"15","author":"Y Mori","year":"2011","journal-title":"Oral and maxillofacial surgery"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2013.08.004","article-title":"Quantitative evaluation of cortical bone thickness in mandibular prognathic patients with neurosensory disturbance after bilateral sagittal split osteotomy","volume":"71","author":"CS Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2011.08.025","article-title":"An evaluation of face-bow transfer for the planning of orthognathic surgery","volume":"70","author":"C Zizelmann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery: official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2013.03.025","article-title":"New protocol for three-dimensional surgical planning and CAD\/CAM splint generation in orthognathic surgery: an in vitro and in vivo study","volume":"42","author":"F Hernandez-Alfaro","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery"},{"key":"ref45","article-title":"Three-dimensional simulation of orthognathic surgery-surgeon&apos;s perspective","author":"D Lonic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan yi zhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e307","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000000184","article-title":"Current Status of Surgical Planning for Orthognathic Surgery: Traditional Methods versus 3D Surgical Planning","volume":"3","author":"JA Hammoudeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plastic and reconstructive surgery Global open"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152014","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T00:54:22Z","timestamp":1540342462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152014"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"James","family":"Cray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152014","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,22]]}}}