{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,28]],"date-time":"2026-02-28T19:53:18Z","timestamp":1772308398226,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]],"date-time":"2016-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1459123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152268","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]],"date-time":"2016-03-28T17:40:27Z","timestamp":1459186827000},"page":"e0152268","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Neuron-Specific Enolase Is Correlated to Compromised Cerebral Metabolism in Patients Suffering from Acute Bacterial Meningitis; An Observational Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jiri","family":"Bartek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric Peter","family":"Thelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Per Hamid","family":"Ghatan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Glimaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bo-Michael","family":"Bellander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9854","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1623","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61808-X","article-title":"Progress and challenges in bacterial meningitis","volume":"380","author":"D van de Beek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-008-0022-0","article-title":"Neurocritical care of patients with central nervous system infections","volume":"10","author":"AH Kramer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Current treatment options in neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410070605","article-title":"Cerebral herniation in bacterial meningitis in childhood","volume":"7","author":"SJ Horwitz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e91976","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091976","article-title":"Neuro-intensive treatment targeting intracranial hypertension improves outcome in severe bacterial meningitis: an intervention-control study","volume":"9","author":"M Glimaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12127","article-title":"Biomarkers for the clinical differential diagnosis in traumatic brain injury\u2014a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"S Yokobori","year":"2013","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2008.11.009","article-title":"S100B's double life: intracellular regulator and extracellular signal","volume":"1793","author":"R Donato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9916-0","article-title":"Secondary peaks of S100B in serum relate to subsequent radiological pathology in traumatic brain injury","volume":"20","author":"EP Thelin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.10.030187.001413","article-title":"Neuron specific enolase, a clinically useful marker for neurons and neuroendocrine cells","volume":"10","author":"PJ Marangos","year":"1987","journal-title":"Annual review of neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e106680","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0106680","article-title":"The prognostic value of serum neuron-specific enolase in traumatic brain injury: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"F Cheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1089\/089771501300227297","article-title":"S-100 beta reflects the extent of injury and outcome, whereas neuronal specific enolase is a better indicator of neuroinflammation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"18","author":"UE Pleines","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2005.00484.x","article-title":"Sequential analyses of neurobiochemical markers of cerebral damage in cerebrospinal fluid and serum in CNS infections","volume":"112","author":"H Lins","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-004-2461-8","article-title":"Consensus meeting on microdialysis in neurointensive care","volume":"30","author":"BM Bellander","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-199911000-00032","article-title":"Bedside detection of brain ischemia using intracerebral microdialysis: subarachnoid hemorrhage and delayed ischemic deterioration","volume":"45","author":"OG Nilsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2001.94.5.0740","article-title":"Role of bedside microdialysis in the diagnosis of cerebral vasospasm following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"94","author":"AW Unterberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00026","article-title":"Systemic, local, and imaging biomarkers of brain injury: more needed, and better use of those already established?","volume":"6","author":"KL Carpenter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1992.76.1.0072","article-title":"Chemical monitoring of neurosurgical intensive care patients using intracerebral microdialysis","volume":"76","author":"L Persson","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.2012.02783.x","article-title":"Cerebral energy metabolism during induced mitochondrial dysfunction","volume":"57","author":"TH Nielsen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq353","article-title":"Cerebral extracellular chemistry and outcome following traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study of 223 patients","volume":"134","author":"I Timofeev","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600073","article-title":"Metabolic crisis without brain ischemia is common after traumatic brain injury: a combined microdialysis and positron emission tomography study","volume":"25","author":"P Vespa","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-012-9708-y","article-title":"Early cerebral metabolic crisis after TBI influences outcome despite adequate hemodynamic resuscitation","volume":"17","author":"NR Stein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.64.4.486","article-title":"Interstitial glycerol as a marker for membrane phospholipid degradation in the acutely injured human brain","volume":"64","author":"L Hillered","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-014-0057-x","article-title":"Bedside evaluation of cerebral energy metabolism in severe community-acquired bacterial meningitis","volume":"22","author":"FR Poulsen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/166.3.546","article-title":"Lactate and glucose concentrations in brain interstitial fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, and serum during experimental pneumococcal meningitis","volume":"166","author":"L Guerra-Romero","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0303-8467(02)00088-4","article-title":"Long-time microdialysis in a patient with meningoencephalitis","volume":"105","author":"J Gliemroth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1385\/NCC:2:3:282","article-title":"Effect of bacterial meningitis complicating severe head trauma upon brain microdialysis and cerebral perfusion","volume":"2","author":"AT Mazzeo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R2","DOI":"10.1186\/cc7689","article-title":"Cerebral microdialysis for detection of bacterial meningitis in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients: a cohort study","volume":"13","author":"F Schlenk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2000.93.1.0037","article-title":"Clinical cerebral microdialysis: a methodological study","volume":"93","author":"PJ Hutchinson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","first-page":"701","article-title":"Intracerebral microdialysis in clinical practice: baseline values for chemical markers during wakefulness, anesthesia, and neurosurgery","volume":"47","author":"P Reinstrup","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1998.15.587","article-title":"Analyzing outcome of treatment of severe head injury: a review and update on advancing the use of the Glasgow Outcome Scale","volume":"15","author":"GM Teasdale","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI117755","article-title":"Effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha on cerebral oxygen uptake, cerebrospinal fluid lactate, and cerebral blood flow in the rabbit: role of nitric oxide","volume":"95","author":"J Tureen","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199204000-00009","article-title":"Cytokine serum level during severe sepsis in human IL-6 as a marker of severity","volume":"215","author":"P Damas","year":"1992","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.142.3.948","article-title":"Multiple forms of IFN-beta 2\/IL-6 in serum and body fluids during acute bacterial infection","volume":"142","author":"DC Helfgott","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2001.050","article-title":"Protein S-100B: a serum marker for ischemic and infectious injury of cerebral tissue","volume":"39","author":"T Bertsch","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-50","article-title":"Scandinavian guidelines for initial management of minimal, mild and moderate head injuries in adults: an evidence and consensus-based update","volume":"11","author":"J Unden","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1053\/jcan.2000.18444","article-title":"Elimination of S100B and renal function after cardiac surgery","volume":"14","author":"H Jonsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref36","first-page":"798","article-title":"Biochemical serum markers of traumatic brain injury","volume":"52","author":"T Ingebrigtsen","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1999.0720238.x","article-title":"Blood-brain barrier glucose transporter: effects of hypo- and hyperglycemia revisited","volume":"72","author":"IA Simpson","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Brain Energy Metabolism","author":"BK Siesjo","year":"1978"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1177\/193229681100500314","article-title":"Monitoring of glucose in brain, adipose tissue, and peripheral blood in patients with traumatic brain injury: a microdialysis study","volume":"5","author":"E Rostami","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Diabetes Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1965","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199909000-00041","article-title":"Extracellular lactate and glucose alterations in the brain after head injury measured by microdialysis","volume":"27","author":"JC Goodman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2007.06.006","article-title":"Endocrine aspects of critical illness","volume":"68","author":"B Muller","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annales d'endocrinologie"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1086\/520184","article-title":"Predictive value of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) lactate level versus CSF\/blood glucose ratio for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis following neurosurgery","volume":"29","author":"SL Leib","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2012.09.006","article-title":"Revisiting tight glycemic control in perioperative and critically ill patients: when one size may not fit all","volume":"25","author":"BB Abdelmalak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of clinical anesthesia"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WCB.0000076701.45782.EF","article-title":"Persistently low extracellular glucose correlates with poor outcome 6 months after human traumatic brain injury despite a lack of increased lactate: a microdialysis study","volume":"23","author":"PM Vespa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.2.0233","article-title":"Association between elevated brain tissue glycerol levels and poor outcome following severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"103","author":"T Clausen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2001.450810.x","article-title":"Intracerebral microdialysis and bedside biochemical analysis in patients with fatal traumatic brain lesions","volume":"45","author":"N Stahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1399-6576.2002.460515.x","article-title":"Cerebral blood flow, oxidative metabolism and cerebrovascular carbon dioxide reactivity in patients with acute bacterial meningitis","volume":"46","author":"K Moller","year":"2002","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.2.JNS121468","article-title":"A prospective, randomized Phase II clinical trial to evaluate the effect of combined hyperbaric and normobaric hyperoxia on cerebral metabolism, intracranial pressure, oxygen toxicity, and clinical outcome in severe traumatic brain injury","volume":"118","author":"SB Rockswold","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00062","article-title":"Biochemical response to hyperbaric oxygen treatment of a transhemispheric penetrating cerebral gunshot injury","volume":"6","author":"EP Thelin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-199403000-00004","article-title":"Operative sepsis in neurosurgery: a method of classifying surgical cases","volume":"34","author":"PK Narotam","year":"1994","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra052116","article-title":"Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults","volume":"354","author":"D van de Beek","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2428","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000147688.08813.9C","article-title":"Cerebral microdialysis of patients with severe traumatic brain injury exhibits highly individualistic patterns as visualized by cluster analysis with self-organizing maps","volume":"32","author":"DW Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(99)01393-4","article-title":"Neuron-specific enolase increases in plasma during and immediately after extracorporeal circulation","volume":"69","author":"P Johnsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200303000-00001","article-title":"Serum S 100 B: a marker of brain damage in traumatic brain injury with and without multiple trauma","volume":"19","author":"LE Pelinka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-199401000-00001","article-title":"Measuring the burden of secondary insults in head-injured patients during intensive care","volume":"6","author":"PA Jones","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152268","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,17]],"date-time":"2023-08-17T11:07:58Z","timestamp":1692270478000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152268"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sheila","family":"Alexander","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152268","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,3,28]]}}}