{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,4]],"date-time":"2025-11-04T10:32:26Z","timestamp":1762252346338},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]],"date-time":"2016-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460073600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Basic Science Research Program, through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)","award":["2013R1A1A1012542"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013R1A1A1012542"]}]},{"name":"biomedcal research institute fund from the Gyeongsang National University Hospital","award":["(GNUHBIF-2014-0009)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["(GNUHBIF-2014-0009)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0152336","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,9]],"date-time":"2016-04-09T01:38:04Z","timestamp":1460165884000},"page":"e0152336","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Extra-Esophageal Pepsin from Stomach Refluxate Promoted Tonsil Hypertrophy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jin Hyun","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Sin","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kyung Mi","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Myeong Hee","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jung Je","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin Pyeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seung Hoon","family":"Woo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2007.11.003","article-title":"Extra-esophageal acid reflux induced adenotonsillar hyperplasia: case report and literature review","volume":"72","author":"A Stapleton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5876(82)90001-5","article-title":"Studies on the cell-mediated immune response of tonsillar lymphocytes with regard to the clinical course and patient's age","volume":"4","author":"M Sugiyama","year":"1982","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2013.840924","article-title":"Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children","volume":"134","author":"J Kraus","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-12-3","article-title":"Detection of group A Streptococcus in tonsils from pediatric patients reveals high rate of asymptomatic streptococcal carriage","volume":"12","author":"AL Roberts","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23894","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus DNA in Chinese children with tonsillar and\/or adenoidal hypertrophy","volume":"86","author":"XC Xue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"ref6","article-title":"The Impact of Pepsin on Human Nasal Epithelial Cells In Vitro: A Potential Mechanism for Extraesophageal Reflux Induced Chronic Rhinosinusitis","author":"JE Southwood","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2013.08.014","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of pepsin for laryngopharyngeal reflux in children with otitis media with effusion","volume":"77","author":"MM Abdel-aziz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s11882-008-0094-7","article-title":"Gastric pepsin in middle ear fluid of children with otitis media: clinical implications","volume":"8","author":"Z He","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Allergy Asthma Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoto.2014.3581","article-title":"The role of gastric pepsin in the inflammatory cascade of pediatric otitis media","volume":"141","author":"RC O'Reilly","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(99)70181-6","article-title":"Outcome of reflux therapy on pediatric chronic sinusitis","volume":"121","author":"MR Bothwell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"9305","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07665-1","article-title":"Reflux of gastric juice and glue ear in children","volume":"359","author":"A Tasker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23307","article-title":"Pepsin promotes proliferation of laryngeal and pharyngeal epithelial cells","volume":"122","author":"N Johnston","year":"2012","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000149445.07146.03","article-title":"Pepsin and carbonic anhydrase isoenzyme III as diagnostic markers for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease","volume":"114","author":"N Johnston","year":"2004","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813517862","article-title":"Chronic pepsin exposure promotes anchorage-independent growth and migration of a hypopharyngeal squamous cell line","volume":"150","author":"EA Kelly","year":"2014","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1177\/000348941312201006","article-title":"Curcumin and anthocyanin inhibit pepsin-mediated cell damage and carcinogenic changes in airway epithelial cells","volume":"122","author":"TL Samuels","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V81.6.1607.1607","article-title":"Molecular cloning of CD68, a human macrophage marker related to lysosomal glycoproteins","volume":"81","author":"CL Holness","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.2500\/ar.2014.5.0095","article-title":"Tonsil volume and allergic rhinitis in children","volume":"5","author":"F Ameli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Allergy Rhinol (Providence)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.07.023","article-title":"Berberine attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced extracelluar matrix accumulation and inflammation in rat mesangial cells: involvement of NF-kappaB signaling pathway","volume":"331","author":"Q Jiang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2013.343","article-title":"Nrf2 suppresses lupus nephritis through inhibition of oxidative injury and the NF-kappaB-mediated inflammatory response","volume":"85","author":"T Jiang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1613","article-title":"Caffeic acid phenethyl ester attenuates pro-inflammatory and fibrogenic phenotypes of LPS-stimulated hepatic stellate cells through the inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling","volume":"33","author":"WX Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1177\/000348948909800503","article-title":"Recurrent tonsillitis: histologic and bacteriologic evaluation","volume":"98","author":"VM Bieluch","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2014.12.005","article-title":"Apoptosis in chronic tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy","volume":"79","author":"M Onal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.20002","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in 3,680 Greek children","volume":"37","author":"AG Kaditis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatr Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-199501000-00011","article-title":"Qualitative and quantitative immunoglobulin production by specific bacteria in chronic tonsillar disease","volume":"105","author":"RJ Koch","year":"1995","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2273.2003.00697.x","article-title":"Comparison of histology between recurrent tonsillitis and tonsillar hypertrophy","volume":"28","author":"PC Zhang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Otolaryngol Allied Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.134.5.477","article-title":"Proliferating active cells, lymphocyte subsets, and dendritic cells in recurrent tonsillitis: their effect on hypertrophy","volume":"134","author":"N Alatas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2007.070166","article-title":"The role of complement in inflammatory diseases from behind the scenes into the spotlight","volume":"171","author":"MM Markiewski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-8722-6-61","article-title":"An evolving new paradigm: endothelial cells\u2014conditional innate immune cells","volume":"6","author":"J Mai","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hematol Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489509139388","article-title":"Upregulated local cytokine production in recurrent tonsillitis compared with tonsillar hypertrophy","volume":"115","author":"K Agren","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.17305\/bjbms.2013.2330","article-title":"Immunoregulatory cytokines and chronic tonsillitis","volume":"13","author":"MM Todorovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bosn J Basic Med Sci"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152336","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,18]],"date-time":"2020-09-18T10:12:52Z","timestamp":1600423972000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152336"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gernot","family":"Zissel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0152336","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,8]]}}}