{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T05:05:00Z","timestamp":1791608700329,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1460419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81260074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81260074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81160055"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81160055"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Yunnan Institute of digestive disease","award":["2014NS123"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014NS123"]}]},{"name":"Medical academic leader of Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Health","award":["D-201215"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D-201215"]}]},{"name":"Social development of science and technology projects of Yunnan Province","award":["2013CA021"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2013CA021"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0153524","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]],"date-time":"2016-04-12T13:36:12Z","timestamp":1460468172000},"page":"e0153524","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Identification of Environmental Factors Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease in a Southwestern Highland Region of China: A Nested Case-Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Junkun","family":"Niu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiarong","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Nan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuxian","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunhua","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinglei","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0b013e32836229fb","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology","volume":"29","author":"B Johan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.12859","article-title":"Emerging leadership lecture: Inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: Emergence of a \u201cWestern\u201d disease","volume":"30","author":"SC Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology"},{"issue":"36","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5491","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.5491","article-title":"Inflammatory bowel disease: a disease(s) of modern times? Is incidence still increasing?","volume":"14","author":"CS Gismera","year":"2008","journal-title":"World Journal of Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1097\/MIB.0000000000000289","article-title":"Combinatorial effects of diet and genetics on inflammatory bowel disease pathogenesis","volume":"21","author":"LJ Dixon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"5suppl 1","key":"ref5","first-page":"S-771","article-title":"Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease: a population-based case-control study in Asia-Pacific","volume":"146","author":"SC Ng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909091339","article-title":"Classification of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"170","author":"JE Lennard-Jones","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand J. Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.082909","article-title":"The Montreal classification of inflammatory bowel disease: controversies, consensus, and implications","volume":"55","author":"J Satsangi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00381.x","article-title":"A population-based case\u2013control study of potential risk factors for IBD","volume":"101","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00054725-200502000-00009","article-title":"Dietary risk factors for inflammatory bowel disease: a multicenter case-control study in Japan","volume":"11","author":"N Sakamoto","year":"2005","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1746.2009.06140.x","article-title":"Population-based cases control study of inflammatory bowel disease risk factors","volume":"25","author":"RB Gearry","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"30","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4807","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i30.4807","article-title":"Etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"12","author":"S Danese","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2010.510575","article-title":"Environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel diseases. Investigating the hygiene hypothesis: a Spanish case-control study","volume":"45","author":"P Lopez-Serrano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.4065\/81.11.1462","article-title":"Smoking and inflammatory bowel disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"81","author":"SS Mahid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-303661","article-title":"Geographical variability and environmental risk factors in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"62","author":"SC Ng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.51.6.808","article-title":"Protective role of appendicectomy on onset and severity of ulcerative colitis and Crohn\u2019s disease","volume":"51","author":"GL Radford-Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2001.03757.x","article-title":"Appendectomy protects against the development of ulcerative colitis and reduces its recurrence: results of a multicenter case-controlled study in Japan","volume":"96","author":"M Naganuma","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/ibd.21064","article-title":"Appendicitis, not appendectomy, is protective against ulcerative colitis, both in the general population and first-degree relatives of patients with IBD","volume":"16","author":"L Beaugerie","year":"2010","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2925","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2008.02118.x","article-title":"The risk of developing Crohn\u2019s disease after an appendectomy: a meta-analysis","volume":"103","author":"GG Kaplan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2011-300576","article-title":"Local appendiceal dysbiosis: the missing link between the appendix and ulcerative colitis?","volume":"61","author":"X Roblin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1588","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.02.004","article-title":"Acute gastroenteritis is followed by an increased risk of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"130","author":"LA Garcia Rodriguez","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.396","article-title":"Editorial: antibiotics earlier, IBD later?","volume":"105","author":"B De Vroey","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2010.398","article-title":"Association between the use of antibiotics in the first year of life and pediatric inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"105","author":"SY Shaw","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1177\/089033449501100116","article-title":"Breastfeeding practices in Chengdu, Sichuan, China","volume":"11","author":"GS Guldan","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hum Lact"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2012-302362","article-title":"Oral contraceptives, reproductive factors and risk of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"62","author":"H Khalili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-156-5-201203060-00007","article-title":"Aspirin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use, and risk for Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis: a cohort study","volume":"156","author":"AN Ananthakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3109\/13625187.2013.776673","article-title":"A review of contraceptive practices among married and unmarried women in china from 1982 to 2010","volume":"18","author":"J Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Use of contraception in the United States: 1982\u20132008","author":"WD Mosher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat 23"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2011.44","article-title":"Dietary intake and risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"106","author":"JK Hou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2006.00931.x","article-title":"Stressful life events as a risk factor for inflammatory bowel disease onset: a population- based case-control study","volume":"102","author":"E Lerebours","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.2174\/1389201016666150118131704","article-title":"The role of dietary polyphenols in the management of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"16","author":"MH Farzaei","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Biotechnol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2007.122143","article-title":"Disorders of a modern lifestyle: reconciling the epidemiology of inflammatory bowel diseases","volume":"57","author":"CN Bernstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","first-page":"160","article-title":"The differences between American and Chinese patients with Crohn&apos;s disease","volume":"13","author":"CH Luo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.165","article-title":"Hygiene hypothesis in inflammatory bowel disease: a critical review of the literature","volume":"14","author":"NA Koloski","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153524","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,6]],"date-time":"2019-09-06T10:33:20Z","timestamp":1567766000000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153524"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"John","family":"Green","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0153524","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,4,12]]}}}