{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]],"date-time":"2026-07-24T18:37:57Z","timestamp":1784918277533,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1463011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0155529","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]],"date-time":"2016-05-12T13:38:12Z","timestamp":1463060292000},"page":"e0155529","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Molecular Characterization of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains Isolated from Intensive Care Units in Iran: ST22-SCCmec IV\/t790 Emerges as the Major Clone"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hossein","family":"Goudarzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes Marie","family":"S\u00e1 Figueiredo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edet E.","family":"Udo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fazeli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Asadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sima Sadat","family":"Seyedjavadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2008.0822","article-title":"Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCC mec) Analysis and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns of Methicillin-Resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) Isolates in Tehran, Iran","volume":"14","author":"B Fatholahzadeh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01794.x","article-title":"Replacement of methicillin\u2010resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> clones in Hungary over time: a 10\u2010year surveillance study","volume":"13","author":"T Conceicao","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.03.023","article-title":"Molecular characterization of the first community-acquired methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> strains from Central Iran","volume":"17","author":"A Japoni-Nejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1089\/1076629041310019","article-title":"An international multicenter study of antimicrobial consumption and resistance in <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolates from 15 hospitals in 14 countries","volume":"10","author":"H Westh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1089\/1076629041310055","article-title":"An international multicenter study of antimicrobial resistance and typing of hospital <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolates from 21 laboratories in 19 countries or states","volume":"10","author":"CS Zinn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"dkp386","article-title":"Polyclonal multiply antibiotic-resistant methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> with Panton\u2013Valentine leucocidin in England","author":"MJ Ellington","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.5.1323-1336.2001","article-title":"Structural comparison of three types of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec integrated in the chromosome in methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic>","volume":"45","author":"T Ito","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"03","key":"ref8","first-page":"233","article-title":"Epidemiology of healthcare-associated bloodstream infection caused by USA300 strains of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in 3 affiliated hospitals","volume":"30","author":"TC Jenkins","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-0711-8-22","article-title":"Hospital-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA) in Italy","volume":"8","author":"F Campanile","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30394","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030394","article-title":"Molecular typing and phenotype characterization of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolates from blood in Taiwan","volume":"7","author":"W-Y Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5442","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.12.5442-5448.2003","article-title":"Typing of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in a university hospital setting by using novel software for spa repeat determination and database management","volume":"41","author":"D Harmsen","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.03042.x","article-title":"A variant of the Southern German clone of methicillin\u2010resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> is predominant in Croatia","volume":"16","author":"A Budimir","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref13","first-page":"M100","article-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing","volume":"31","year":"2012","journal-title":"Twenty-Second Informational Supplement"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2005.05.002","article-title":"Investigation of aminoglycoside modifying enzyme genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci","volume":"161","author":"N Ardic","year":"2006","journal-title":"Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.S0022-0302(01)74454-2","article-title":"Optimization of the PCR for detection of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> nuc gene in bovine milk","volume":"84","author":"C-H Kim","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3581","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01727-12","article-title":"Genetic characterization of a vancomycin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolate from the respiratory tract of a patient in a university hospital in northeastern Iran","volume":"50","author":"A Azimian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.70.2.631-641.2002","article-title":"Relationships between <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> genetic background, virulence factors, agr groups (alleles), and human disease","volume":"70","author":"S Jarraud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Immu"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4060","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.11.4060-4067.2002","article-title":"Analysis of the genetic variability of genes encoding the RNA III-activating components Agr and TRAP in a population of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> strains isolated from cows with mastitis","volume":"40","author":"P Gilot","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.7.2637-2651.2004","article-title":"Novel type V staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec driven by a novel cassette chromosome recombinase, ccrC","volume":"48","author":"T Ito","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01720.x","article-title":"A new multiplex PCR for easy screening of methicillin\u2010resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> SCCmec types I\u2013V","volume":"13","author":"K Boye","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.09.002","article-title":"Molecular investigation of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolated from the patients, personnel, air and environment of an ICU in a hospital in Tehran","volume":"8","author":"M Mirzaii","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.12.006","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in hospitalized patients from the Bolivian Chaco","volume":"30","author":"A Bartoloni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0127347","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0127347","article-title":"Carriage and Genetic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> among Patients and Healthcare Workers in a Serbian University Hospital","volume":"10","author":"I Cirkovic","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.08.001","article-title":"Molecular typing of antibiotic-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in Nigeria","volume":"8","author":"S O\u2019Malley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref25","first-page":"1639","article-title":"Molecular typing of methicilin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolates at Ain Shams University Hospital, Egypt","volume":"4","author":"H Awadalla","year":"2010","journal-title":"Af J Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3454","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01050-08","article-title":"Epidemiology of invasive methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> clones collected in France in 2006 and 2007","volume":"46","author":"O Dauwalder","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/nmi2.47","article-title":"Genotyping of methicillin\u2010resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in the Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Oman reveals the dominance of Panton\u2013Valentine leucocidin\u2010negative ST6\u2010IV\/t304 clone","volume":"2","author":"EE Udo","year":"2014","journal-title":"New microbes New Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-12-146","article-title":"Characterisation of MRSA strains isolated from patients in a hospital in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","volume":"12","author":"S Monecke","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1556\/AMicr.58.2011.1.4","article-title":"Molecular analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in one of the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences: high prevalence of sequence type 239 (ST239) clone","volume":"58","author":"S Shahsavan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.421-426.2005","article-title":"Distribution of major genotypes among methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> clones in Asian countries","volume":"43","author":"KS Ko","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-0691.12240","article-title":"Molecular characterization of methicillin\u2010resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> isolated over a 2\u2010year period in a Qatari hospital from multinational patients","volume":"20","author":"T El\u2010Mahdy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17936","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0017936","article-title":"A field guide to pandemic, epidemic and sporadic clones of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic>","volume":"6","author":"S Monecke","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"Genetic fingerprinting of MRSA from Abu Dhabi","author":"S Weber","year":"2010"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-005-1341-7","article-title":"Healthcare-associated outbreaks and community-acquired infections due to MRSA carrying the Panton-Valentine leucocidin gene in southeastern Germany","volume":"24","author":"H Linde","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eu J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2554","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00245-07","article-title":"The emergence and importation of diverse genotypes of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (MRSA) harboring the Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene (pvl) reveal that pvl is a poor marker for community-acquired MRSA strains in Ireland","volume":"45","author":"AS Rossney","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3514","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00966-08","article-title":"Genetic lineages of community-associated methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in Kuwait hospitals","volume":"46","author":"E Udo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.017632-0","article-title":"Epidemic meticillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> (EMRSA-15) variants detected in healthy and diseased individuals in India","volume":"59","author":"S Nadig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Epidemic Methicillin-Susceptible <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> Lineages are the Major Cause of Infections at an Iranian University Hospital","author":"SA Havaei","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4762","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.12.4762-4765.2004","article-title":"Derivatives of a vancomycin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> strain isolated at Hershey Medical Center","volume":"48","author":"B Bozdogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01563-09","article-title":"Rapid change of methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> clones in a Chinese tertiary care hospital over a 15-year period","volume":"54","author":"H Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63008","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0063008","article-title":"Genome analysis of <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> ST291, a double locus variant of ST398, reveals a distinct genetic lineage","volume":"8","author":"M Stegger","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"5964","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1182395","article-title":"Evolution of MRSA during hospital transmission and intercontinental spread","volume":"327","author":"SR Harris","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-014-0582-4","article-title":"Clinical and molecular characteristics of invasive community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections in Chinese children","volume":"14","author":"Y Qiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151937","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151937","article-title":"Clonal Structure and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Strains from Invasive Infections in Paediatric Patients from South Poland: Association between Age, spa Types, Clonal Complexes, and Genetic Markers","volume":"11","author":"WM Ilczyszyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e77477","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0077477","article-title":"Prevalence of clonal complexes and virulence genes among commensal and invasive Staphylococcus aureus isolates in Sweden","volume":"8","author":"G Rasmussen","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0155529","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T01:05:37Z","timestamp":1540343137000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0155529"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chih-Jung","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0155529","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,12]]}}}