{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:16:20Z","timestamp":1790226980968,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1464134400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0156213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]],"date-time":"2016-05-25T17:43:25Z","timestamp":1464198205000},"page":"e0156213","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["The Potential Impact of a Hepatitis C Vaccine for People Who Inject Drugs: Is a Vaccine Needed in the Age of Direct-Acting Antivirals?"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jack","family":"Stone","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natasha K.","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Hickman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Hellard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nick","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"McBryde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"Drummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Vickerman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.027","article-title":"Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"61","author":"E Gower","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of hepatology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22375","article-title":"Estimation of stage-specific fibrosis progression rates in chronic hepatitis C virus infection: a meta-analysis and meta-regression","volume":"48","author":"HH Thein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(05)70216-4","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection","volume":"5","author":"CW Shepard","year":"2005","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9791","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)61097-0","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in people who inject drugs: results of systematic reviews","volume":"378","author":"PK Nelson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03515.x","article-title":"The impact of needle and syringe provision and opiate substitution therapy on the incidence of hepatitis C virus in injecting drug users: pooling of UK evidence","volume":"106","author":"KM Turner","year":"2011","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1984","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.03932.x","article-title":"Can needle and syringe programmes and opiate substitution therapy achieve substantial reductions in hepatitis C virus prevalence? Model projections for different epidemic settings","volume":"107","author":"P Vickerman","year":"2012","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2010.08.029","article-title":"Can antiviral therapy for hepatitis C reduce the prevalence of HCV among injecting drug user populations? A modeling analysis of its prevention utility","volume":"54","author":"NK Martin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.24656","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis C virus antiviral treatment for injection drug user populations","volume":"55","author":"NK Martin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.8897","article-title":"New expensive treatments for hepatitis C infection","volume":"312","author":"T Brennan","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref10","author":"A Pollack","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.91.4.1294","article-title":"Vaccination of chimpanzees against infection by the hepatitis C virus","volume":"91","author":"QL Choo","year":"1994","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59776","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0059776","article-title":"A hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine comprising envelope glycoproteins gpE1\/gpE2 derived from a single isolate elicits broad cross-genotype neutralizing antibodies in humans","volume":"8","author":"JL Law","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2014.00329","article-title":"Challenges to the development of vaccines to hepatitis C virus that elicit neutralizing antibodies","volume":"5","author":"HE Drummer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in microbiology"},{"issue":"115","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115ra1","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3003155","article-title":"Novel adenovirus-based vaccines induce broad and sustained T cell responses to HCV in man","volume":"4","author":"E Barnes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science translational medicine"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2014.06.018","article-title":"Hepatitis C: the next 25years","volume":"110","author":"M Houghton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1208953","article-title":"Nucleotide polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir plus ribavirin for hepatitis C","volume":"368","author":"EJ Gane","year":"2013","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwp141","article-title":"Hepatitis C infection among injecting drug users in England and Wales (1992\u20132006): there and back again?","volume":"170","author":"MJ Sweeting","year":"2009","journal-title":"American journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2005.00651.x","article-title":"Spontaneous viral clearance following acute hepatitis C infection: a systematic review of longitudinal studies","volume":"13","author":"JM Micallef","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of viral hepatitis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdp067","article-title":"Assessing IDU prevalence and health consequences (HCV, overdose and drug-related mortality) in a primary care trust: implications for public health action","volume":"31","author":"M Hickman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of public health"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280208094704","article-title":"Estimating the prevalence of ex-injecting drug use in the population","volume":"18","author":"M Sweeting","year":"2009","journal-title":"Statistical methods in medical research"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2013.09.010","article-title":"Dancing with chemical formulae of antivirals: A panoramic view (Part 2)","volume":"86","author":"E De Clercq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochemical pharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/civ197","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus therapeutic development: in pursuit of &quot;perfectovir&quot;","volume":"60","author":"GJ Dore","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn237","article-title":"Meta-regression of hepatitis C virus infection in relation to time since onset of illicit drug injection: the influence of time and place","volume":"168","author":"H Hagan","year":"2008","journal-title":"American journal of epidemiology"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cit296","article-title":"Combination interventions to prevent HCV transmission among people who inject drugs: modeling the impact of antiviral treatment, needle and syringe programs, and opiate substitution therapy","volume":"57","author":"NK Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"key":"ref25","year":"2014"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e41928","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041928","article-title":"Pertussis circulation has increased T-cell immunity during childhood more than a second acellular booster vaccination in Dutch children 9 years of age","volume":"7","author":"R-M Schure","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.26431","article-title":"Hepatitis C virus treatment for prevention among people who inject drugs: Modeling treatment scale-up in the age of direct-acting antivirals","volume":"58","author":"NK Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1111\/jvh.12338","article-title":"HCV treatment rates and sustained viral response among people who inject drugs in seven UK sites: real world results and modelling of treatment impact","volume":"22","author":"NK Martin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of viral hepatitis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2008.10.002","article-title":"Potential impact of vaccination on the hepatitis C virus epidemic in injection drug users","volume":"1","author":"JA Hahn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808000873","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness analysis of a hypothetical hepatitis C vaccine compared to antiviral therapy","volume":"137","author":"E Massad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology and infection"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.09.023","article-title":"Potential cost-effectiveness of a preventive hepatitis C vaccine in high risk and average risk populations in Canada","volume":"23","author":"MD Krahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jurban\/jti016","article-title":"Adherence to hepatitis B virus vaccination at syringe exchange sites","volume":"82","author":"FL Altice","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urban Health"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/0264-410X(93)90174-V","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccination in prisons: the Catalonian experience","volume":"11","author":"JM Bayas","year":"1993","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2009.02765.x","article-title":"The outcome of a rapid hepatitis B vaccination programme in a methadone treatment clinic","volume":"105","author":"P Ramasamy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"ref35","year":"2012"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2014.10.012","article-title":"People who inject drugs in prison: HIV prevalence, transmission and prevention","volume":"26","author":"K Dolan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Drug Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(08)70305-0","article-title":"Interventions to reduce HIV transmission related to injecting drug use in prison","volume":"9","author":"R J\u00fcrgens","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Lancet Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2007.00856.x","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccine uptake among injecting drug users in England 1998 to 2004: is the prison vaccination programme driving recent improvements?","volume":"14","author":"VD Hope","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of viral hepatitis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2013.04.013","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial of financial incentives to increase hepatitis B vaccination completion among people who inject drugs in Australia","volume":"57","author":"L Topp","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prev Med"},{"issue":"9938","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60196-3","article-title":"Use of contingency management incentives to improve completion of hepatitis B vaccination in people undergoing treatment for heroin dependence: a cluster randomised trial","volume":"384","author":"T Weaver","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref41","year":"2014"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363100-00006","article-title":"Recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Engerix-B\u00ae)","volume":"63","author":"GM Keating","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"The Needle Exchange Surveillance Initiative (NESI): Prevalence of HCV and injecting risk behaviours among people who inject drugs attending injecting equipment provision services in Scotland, 2008\/2009 &amp; 2010","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2008.03.028","article-title":"Economic evaluation of delivering hepatitis B vaccine to injection drug users","volume":"35","author":"Y Hu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.2.97","article-title":"Look behind bars for key to control of STDs","volume":"279","author":"AA Skolnick","year":"1998","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e676","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(15)00156-4","article-title":"Disparity in market prices for hepatitis C virus direct-acting drugs","volume":"3","author":"I Andrieux-Meyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0156213","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,20]],"date-time":"2018-10-20T13:15:52Z","timestamp":1540041352000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0156213"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ranjit","family":"Ray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0156213","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,5,25]]}}}