{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T09:02:42Z","timestamp":1785661362753,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1465862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004424","name":"African Development Bank Group","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["5500155002552"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5500155002552"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004424","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157432","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]],"date-time":"2016-06-14T14:17:21Z","timestamp":1465913841000},"page":"e0157432","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Prevalence, Genotype Distribution and Risk Factors for Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection in the Grand Tunis Region, Tunisia"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9016-8987","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Monia","family":"Ardhaoui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emna","family":"Ennaifer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajer","family":"Letaief","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rejaibi","family":"Salsabil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thalja","family":"Lassili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karim","family":"Chahed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Souha","family":"Bougatef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Bahrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emna","family":"El Fehri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaouther","family":"Ouerhani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adela","family":"Paez Jimenez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ikram","family":"Guizani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Med Samir","family":"Boubaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nissaf Bouafif \u00e9p","family":"Ben Alaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2012.12.027","article-title":"Key considerations and current perspectives of epidemiological studies on human papillomavirus persistence, the intermediate phenotype to cervical cancer","volume":"17","author":"S Sudenga","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"Human papillomavirus vaccines: WHO position paper","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.083","article-title":"The Biology and Life-Cycle of Human Papillomaviruses","volume":"30","author":"J Doorbar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"8312","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)91273-9","article-title":"Human genital cancer: synergism between two virus infections or synergism between a virus infection and initiating events?","volume":"320","author":"H Zur Hausen","year":"1982","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F","article-title":"Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide","volume":"189","author":"J Walboomers","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1053\/j.seminoncol.2014.12.028","article-title":"Prevention of Human Papillomavirus\u2013Associated Cancers","volume":"42","author":"J Dillner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Seminars in Oncology"},{"key":"ref7","volume":"64","year":"1995"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.55.4.244","article-title":"The causal relation between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer","volume":"55","author":"F Bosch","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Pathology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.4161\/hv.5.10.9518","article-title":"Comparison of the immunogenicity and safety of Cervarix \u2122 and Gardasil \u00ae human papillomavirus (HPV) cervical cancer vaccines in healthy women aged 18\u201345 years","volume":"5","author":"M Einstein","year":"2009","journal-title":"Human Vaccines"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2005.09.001","article-title":"Prophylactic HPV vaccines: Reducing the burden of HPV-related diseases","volume":"24","author":"L Villa","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygyno.2013.05.033","article-title":"HPV vaccine cross-protection: Highlights on additional clinical benefit","volume":"130","author":"R De Vincenzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gynecologic Oncology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.06.097","article-title":"Prospects and Challenges in the Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Vaccines in the Extended Middle East and North Africa Region","volume":"31","author":"A Jumaan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2893","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25516","article-title":"Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008","volume":"127","author":"J Ferlay","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2014.09.019","article-title":"Knowledge and uptake of genital cancer screening methods among Tunisian women","volume":"128","author":"K Dimassi","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.20646","article-title":"High-risk HPV types in Tunisia. A pilot study reveals an unexpectedly high prevalence of types 58 and 82 and lack of HPV 18 among female prostitutes","volume":"78","author":"F De Marco","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","first-page":"253","article-title":"Screening of cervical HPV infection at the reproductive health centre of ariana","volume":"92","author":"E Ennaifer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9361","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2014.15.21.9361","article-title":"Pre-vaccination prevalence and genotype distribution of human papillomavirus infection among women from urban Tunis: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"H Guettiti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref18","first-page":"497","article-title":"Detection and molecular typing of human papillomaviruses: prevalence of cervical infection in the Tunisian central region","volume":"77","author":"E Hassen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1159\/000328358","article-title":"Bethesda System 2001","volume":"45","year":"2001","journal-title":"Acta Cytologica"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2009): Human papillomavirus laboratory manual. 1st eds Unger E. R, Dillner J, Zhou T. Geneva, Switzerland."},{"issue":"9490","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67069-9","article-title":"Worldwide distribution of human papillomavirus types in cytologically normal women in the International Agency for Research on Cancer HPV prevalence surveys: a pooled analysis","volume":"366","author":"G Clifford","year":"2005","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1086\/657321","article-title":"Cervical Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in 5 Continents: Meta\u2010Analysis of 1 Million Women with Normal Cytological Findings","volume":"202","author":"L Bruni","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0122488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122488","article-title":"Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Genotypes among African Women with Normal Cervical Cytology and Neoplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"10","author":"R Ogembo","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.781","article-title":"Prevalence of human papillomavirus genotype among Moroccan women during a local screening program","volume":"4","author":"M El Mzibri","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dev Ctries"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25539","article-title":"Human papillomavirus infection in a population-based sample of women in Algiers, Algeria","volume":"128","author":"D Hammouda","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2014.07.029","article-title":"Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus among women older than 18 years in Egypt: a multicenter, observational study","volume":"29","author":"M Shaltout","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-008-9084-2","article-title":"Detection and Typing of Human Papillomaviruses Combining Different Methods: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, Line Probe Assay and Sequencing","volume":"14","author":"Ga\u0161perov N Milutin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pathology & Oncology Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1181-8","article-title":"Human papillomavirus prevalence in South African women and men according to age and human immunodeficiency virus status","volume":"15","author":"Z Mbulawa","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21575","article-title":"Epidemiologic risk profile of infection with different groups of human papillomaviruses","volume":"81","author":"P Chan","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0756.2011.01624.x","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of lower genital tract infections among women in Beijing, China","volume":"38","author":"X Caiyan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605165","article-title":"Age-specific prevalence of HPV genotypes in cervical cytology samples with equivocal or low-grade lesions","volume":"101","author":"S Brismar-Wendel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1111.050575","article-title":"Cervical Human Papillomavirus Screening among Older Women","volume":"11","author":"M Grainge","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3044","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-10-0645","article-title":"Behavioral\/Lifestyle and Immunologic Factors Associated with HPV Infection among Women Older Than 45 Years","volume":"19","author":"P Gonzalez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2008.07.009","article-title":"Age-Specific Prevalence of Infection with Human Papillomavirus in Females: A Global Review","volume":"43","author":"J Smith","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199309000-00008","article-title":"Determinants of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Low-Income Women in Washington, D.C","volume":"20","author":"A Hildesheim","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199309000-00007","article-title":"Determinants of Genital Human Papillomavirus Infection in Low-Risk Women in Portland, Oregon","volume":"20","author":"H Bauer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sexually Transmitted Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2013.08.038","article-title":"Factors associated with high-risk HPV positivity in a low-resource setting in sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"210","author":"S Mitchell","year":"2014","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/ebn.12.4.122","article-title":"Smoking increased risk of cervical cancer, independent of infection with high-risk HPV types","volume":"12","author":"D Moralejo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Evidence-Based Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-090X(02)00039-9","article-title":"Active and passive smoking, high-risk human papillomaviruses and cervical neoplasia","volume":"26","author":"A Coker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cancer Detection and Prevention"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3893","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2015.16.9.3893","article-title":"Multiple Sexual Partners as a Potential Independent Risk Factor for Cervical Cancer: a Meta-analysis of Epidemiological Studies","volume":"16","author":"Z Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.4103\/2141-9248.122082","article-title":"Local risk factors in genital human papilloma Virus Infection in cervical smears","volume":"3","author":"E Ojiyi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Annals of Medical and Health Sciences Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-544","article-title":"Factors associated with genital human papillomavirus infection among adult females in the United States, NHANES 2007\u20132010","volume":"7","author":"R Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0157432","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T15:01:21Z","timestamp":1540220481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0157432"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Maria Lina","family":"Tornesello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0157432","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,6,14]]}}}