{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T19:22:19Z","timestamp":1790709739442,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]],"date-time":"2016-07-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1467763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000934","name":"Department of Industry, Innovation, Science, Research and Tertiary Education, Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20080108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20080108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000934","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158629","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]],"date-time":"2016-07-06T13:46:19Z","timestamp":1467812779000},"page":"e0158629","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Unprimed, M1 and M2 Macrophages Differentially Interact with Porphyromonas gingivalis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Roselind S.","family":"Lam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neil M.","family":"O\u2019Brien-Simpson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James A.","family":"Holden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason C.","family":"Lenzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shao B.","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"594","article-title":"The periodontal disease classification system of the American Academy of Periodontology\u2014an update","volume":"66","author":"CB Wiebe","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Can Dent Assoc"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.233","article-title":"Potential pathogenic mechanisms of periodontitis associated pregnancy complications","volume":"3","author":"S Offenbacher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512457373","article-title":"Prevalence of periodontitis in adults in the United States: 2009 and 2010","volume":"91","author":"PI Eke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"Suppl 14","key":"ref4","first-page":"S8","article-title":"Periodontal systemic associations: review of the evidence","volume":"40","author":"GJ Linden","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 14","key":"ref5","first-page":"S24","article-title":"Periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: consensus report of the Joint EFP\/AAP Workshop on Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases","volume":"40","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2000.71.5.760","article-title":"A rapid DNA probe method for detection of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> and <italic>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans<\/italic>","volume":"71","author":"A Komiya","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.1998.tb02419.x","article-title":"Microbial complexes in subgingival plaque","volume":"25","author":"SS Socransky","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2873","article-title":"The keystone-pathogen hypothesis","volume":"10","author":"G Hajishengallis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-302X.2009.00544.x","article-title":"Progression of chronic periodontitis can be predicted by the levels of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> and <italic>Treponema denticola<\/italic> in subgingival plaque","volume":"24","author":"SJ Byrne","year":"2009","journal-title":"Oral Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.62.4.1244-1263.1998","article-title":"Life below the gum line: pathogenic mechanisms of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic>","volume":"62","author":"RJ Lamont","year":"1998","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26163","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026163","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> elicit a mucosal immune response","volume":"6","author":"R Nakao","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1021\/pr401227e","article-title":"<italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> outer membrane vesicles exclusively contain outer membrane and periplasmic proteins and carry a cargo enriched with virulence factors","volume":"13","author":"PD Veith","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Proteome Res"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(99)80039-X","article-title":"The role of macrophage in immune regulation","volume":"149","author":"S Gordon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res Immunol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178331","article-title":"Development of monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells","volume":"327","author":"F Geissmann","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2001.360205.x","article-title":"Costimulatory molecules in human periodontal disease tissues","volume":"36","author":"E Gemmell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0765.2000.035006369.x","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in periodontitis","volume":"35","author":"DF Lappin","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0765.1996.tb01414.x","article-title":"Interleukin-1 alpha, interleukin-8 and interferon-alpha levels in gingival crevicular fluid","volume":"31","author":"A Mathur","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2014.06.008","article-title":"Macrophage activation and polarization: nomenclature and experimental guidelines","volume":"41","author":"PJ Murray","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4190","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02325-14","article-title":"<italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> lipopolysaccharide weakly activates M1 and M2 polarized mouse macrophages but induces inflammatory cytokines","volume":"82","author":"JA Holden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.189.10.1565","article-title":"Simultaneous disruption of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 defines individual roles in T helper cell type 2-mediated responses","volume":"189","author":"GJ McKenzie","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16775","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.28.16775","article-title":"A novel chimeric protein composed of interleukin 13 and <italic>Pseudomonas<\/italic> exotoxin is highly cytotoxic to human carcinoma cells expressing receptors for interleukin 13 and interleukin 4","volume":"270","author":"W Debinski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.21.120601.141142","article-title":"IL-13 effector functions","volume":"21","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2003","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1400853","article-title":"Macrophage depletion abates <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic>-induced alveolar bone resorption in mice","volume":"193","author":"RS Lam","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-236711","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages by IL-4 impairs phagocytosis of pathogens but potentiates microbial-induced signalling and cytokine secretion","volume":"115","author":"A Varin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4199","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2011-01-328906","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages by IL-4 enhances the proteolytic capacity of their phagosomes through synergistic mechanisms","volume":"118","author":"DR Balce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imbio.2010.05.020","article-title":"Heme Oxygenase-1 expression in M-CSF-polarized M2 macrophages contributes to LPS-induced IL-10 release","volume":"215","author":"E Sierra-Filardi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Immunobiology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0854.2006.00528.x","article-title":"Macrophage activation downregulates the degradative capacity of the phagosome","volume":"8","author":"RM Yates","year":"2007","journal-title":"Traffic"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1255354","article-title":"Macrophages: master regulators of inflammation and fibrosis","volume":"30","author":"TA Wynn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3733","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.181.6.3733","article-title":"Macrophage polarization in bacterial infections","volume":"181","author":"M Benoit","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132532","article-title":"Alternative activation of macrophages: an immunologic functional perspective","volume":"27","author":"FO Martinez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3073","article-title":"Protective and pathogenic functions of macrophage subsets","volume":"11","author":"PJ Murray","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17253","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1308887110","article-title":"Modulation of macrophage phenotype by cell shape","volume":"110","author":"FY McWhorter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.63.10.3878-3885.1995","article-title":"<italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> invasion of gingival epithelial cells","volume":"63","author":"RJ Lamont","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.4.2349","article-title":"Fimbrial proteins of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> mediate <italic>in vivo<\/italic> virulence and exploit TLR2 and complement receptor 3 to persist in macrophages","volume":"179","author":"M Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1004215","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1004215","article-title":"Distinct lipid a moieties contribute to pathogen-induced site-specific vascular inflammation","volume":"10","author":"C Slocum","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Path"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Determination of active phagocytosis of unopsonised <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> by macrophages and neutrophils using the pH-sensitive fluorescent dye pHrodo","author":"JC Lenzo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4028","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.12.4028-4033.1999","article-title":"<italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> strain variability and periodontitis","volume":"37","author":"AL Griffen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3073","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00569-09","article-title":"<italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> strain diversity","volume":"47","author":"CO Igboin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smim.2014.10.001","article-title":"Cell death and autophagy in tuberculosis","volume":"26","author":"AH Moraco","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin Immunol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2007.01036.x","article-title":"Pyroptosis and host cell death responses during Salmonella infection","volume":"9","author":"SL Fink","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.2174\/1389203033487009","article-title":"<italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> gingipains: the molecular teeth of a microbial vampire","volume":"4","author":"NM O-Brien-Simpson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Protein Pept Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.01377-08","article-title":"The RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complexes of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> Inactivate the Th2 cytokines interleukin-4 and interleukin-5","volume":"77","author":"V Tam","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micinf.2004.11.021","article-title":"Modulation of cytokine production by <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> in a macrophage and epithelial cell co-culture model","volume":"7","author":"C Bodet","year":"2005","journal-title":"Microb Infect"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.2.935-943.2005","article-title":"Cytokine profiling of macrophages exposed to <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic>, its lipopolysaccharide, or its FimA protein","volume":"73","author":"Q Zhou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100226","article-title":"Differential cytokine patterns in mouse macrophages and gingival fibroblasts after stimulation with <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> or <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> lipopolysaccharide","volume":"81","author":"KJ Jones","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.1.97","article-title":"Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus: the role of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in a 2-way relationship","volume":"74","author":"F Nishimura","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.3.391","article-title":"The contribution of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor to periodontal tissue destruction","volume":"74","author":"DT Graves","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhanced activity of the macrophage M1\/M2 phenotypes and phenotypic switch to M1 in periodontal infection","author":"T Yu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(1998110)186:3<281::AID-PATH200>3.0.CO;2-7","article-title":"Failure of macrophage activation in destructive periodontal disease","volume":"186","author":"CC Chapple","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.52.2.349-355.1986","article-title":"Effect of hemin on the physiology and virulence of <italic>Bacteroides gingivalis<\/italic> W50","volume":"52","author":"AS McKee","year":"1986","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"27","article-title":"Host-Parasite Interactions in Periodontal Diseases","volume":"1982","author":"J Slots","year":"1982"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2704","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.5.2704-2712.2000","article-title":"Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG subclass responses to the RgpA-Kgp proteinase-adhesin complex of <italic>Porphyromonas gingivalis<\/italic> in adult periodontitis","volume":"68","author":"NM O'Brien-Simpson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"J Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.92.1.69","article-title":"Correlation between effects of 24 different cytochalasins on cellular structures and cellular events and those on actin <italic>in vitro<\/italic>","volume":"92","author":"I Yahara","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Cell Biol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1006\/meth.2001.1262","article-title":"Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method","volume":"25","author":"KJ Livak","year":"2001","journal-title":"Methods"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158629","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,23]],"date-time":"2020-09-23T10:33:26Z","timestamp":1600857206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158629"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"\u00d6zlem","family":"Yilmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0158629","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,6]]}}}