{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T22:00:35Z","timestamp":1793397635132,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T13:30:37Z","timestamp":1470749437000},"page":"e0160515","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Recovery from Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review of the Perspectives of Consumers, Clinicians, Family and Carers"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Fiona Y. Y.","family":"Ng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne E.","family":"Bourke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brin F. S.","family":"Grenyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ps.52.4.482","article-title":"What is Recovery? A Conceptual Model and Explication","volume":"52","author":"N Jacobson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1248","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2010.61.12.1248","article-title":"Recovery: A dimensional approach","volume":"61","author":"R Whitley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230701482394","article-title":"Recovery from versus recovery in serious mental illness: One strategy for lessening confusion plaguing recovery","volume":"16","author":"L Davidson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"key":"ref4","author":"M Slade","year":"2009"},{"issue":"87","key":"ref5","article-title":"Staff understanding of recovery-oriented mental health practice: A systematic review and narrative synthesis","volume":"10","author":"C Le Boutillier","year":"2015","journal-title":"Implementation Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1053\/comp.2001.26271","article-title":"A 27-year follow up of patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"42","author":"J Paris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1986.01800010022003","article-title":"The Chestnut Lodge Follow-Up Study III Long Term Outcome of Borderline Personalities","volume":"43","author":"TH McGlashan","year":"1986","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11101550","article-title":"Attainment and stability of sustained symptomatic remission and recovery among borderline patients and axis II comparison subjects: A 16-year prospective follow-up study","volume":"169","author":"MC Zanarini","year":"2012","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(85)90081-1","article-title":"14-year follow up of borderline and schizotypal personality disorder","volume":"26","author":"EM Plakun","year":"1985","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61394-5","article-title":"Treatment of Personality Disorder","volume":"385","author":"AW Bateman","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder in young people: Are we there yet?","author":"A Chanen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61422-5","article-title":"Borderline Personality Disorder","volume":"377","author":"F Leichsenring","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09010039","article-title":"A randomized trial of dialectical behavioural therapy versus general psychiatric managment for borderline personality disorder","volume":"166","author":"SF McMain","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Borderline Personality Disorder: Treatment and Management. 2009."},{"key":"ref15","year":"2012"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","first-page":"521","article-title":"Recovery from mental illness: The guiding vision of the mental health service system in the 1990s","volume":"16","author":"WA Anthony","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychosocial Rehabilitation Jounral"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.110.083733","article-title":"Conceptual Framework for Personal Recovery in Mental Health: Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis","volume":"199","author":"M Leamy","year":"2011","journal-title":"The British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Recovery, as experienced by women with borderline personality disorder","author":"N Lariviere","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychiatric Quarterly"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1080\/09638230601056371","article-title":"Some service user perspectives on the diagnosis of borderline personality disorder","volume":"16","author":"N Horn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-240X(199908)22:4<285::AID-NUR3>3.0.CO;2-R","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder: The voice of patients","volume":"22","author":"N Nehls","year":"1999","journal-title":"Research in Nursing and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1037\/h0087846","article-title":"Limit setting in regard to self-damaging acts: The patient&apos;s perspective","volume":"34","author":"G Straker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Psychotherapy"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e36517","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036517","article-title":"Recovery in borderline personality disorder (BPD): A qualitative study of service users&apos; perspectives","volume":"7","author":"C Katsakou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1067\/mpn.2001.113132","article-title":"What is a case manager? The perspectives of persons with borderline personality disorder","volume":"7","author":"N Nehls","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1016\/S0883-9417(03)00093-1","article-title":"Treatment of suicidal and deliberate self-harming patients with borderline personality disorder using dialectical behavioural therapy: The patients&apos; and the therapists&apos; perceptions","volume":"17","author":"KI Perseius","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Psychiatric Nursing"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2012.26.6.939","article-title":"What does sadness mean to BPD patients?","volume":"26","author":"R Briand-Malenfant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26","first-page":"1215","article-title":"Borderline personality disorder from the patient&apos;s perspective","volume":"54","author":"SG Miller","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hospital and Community Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135","article-title":"The PRISMA Group. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement","volume":"151","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2004.02.017","article-title":"Systematic review of prognostic cohort studies on shoulder disorders","volume":"109","author":"T Kuijpers","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2","article-title":"Overweight, Obesity and Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies","volume":"67","author":"FS Luppino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70076-7","article-title":"Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"T DiSipio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncology"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2005.05.017","article-title":"Quality of life among long-term breast cancer survivors: A systematic review","volume":"41","author":"F Mols","year":"2005","journal-title":"European Journal of Cancer"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1035","article-title":"Critically appraising qualitative research","volume":"337","author":"A Kuper","year":"2008","journal-title":"British Medical Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2006.03.014","article-title":"A hierarchy of evidence for assessing qualitative health research","volume":"60","author":"J Daly","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1186\/2193-1801-2-320","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to self-care in chronic heart failure: A meta-synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"2","author":"S Siabani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Springer Plus"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22097","article-title":"Symptom complexes at the earliest phases of rheumatoid arthritis: A synthesis of the qualitative literature","volume":"65","author":"RJ Stack","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arthritis Care and Research"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1097\/ACM.0b013e31829ed3cc","article-title":"Doctors&apos; perceptions and use of evidence-based medicine: A systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies","volume":"88","author":"MHJ Swennen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Academic Medicine"},{"issue":"45","key":"ref37","first-page":"1","article-title":"Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative resarch in systematic reviews","volume":"8","author":"J Thomas","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Medical Research Methodology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1983.01790010025003","article-title":"The validity of DSM-III borderline personality disorder","volume":"40","author":"HG Pope","year":"1983","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"61","article-title":"The Borderline: Current Empirical Research","author":"TH McGlashan","year":"1985"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1991.5.2.93","article-title":"Prediction of Outcome in Borderline Personality Disorder","volume":"5","author":"EM Plakun","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"The Fate of Borderline Patients","author":"MH Stone","year":"1990"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1987.1.4.291","article-title":"The PI 500: Long-term follow up of borderline inpatients meeting DSM-III criteria I. Global outcome","volume":"1","author":"MH Stone","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-440X(87)90019-8","article-title":"Long-term Follow-up of Borderline Patients in a General Hospital","volume":"28","author":"J Paris","year":"1987","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.2.274","article-title":"The longitudinal course of borderline psychopathology: 6 year prospective follow-up of the phenomenology of borderline personality disorder","volume":"160","author":"MC Zanarini","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199509000-00004","article-title":"Borderline psychopathology and recurences of clinical disorders","volume":"183","author":"PS Links","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.37","article-title":"Ten-Year Course of Borderline Personality Disorder","volume":"68","author":"JG Gunderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379804300305","article-title":"Prospective follow-up study of borderline personality disorder: Prognosis, prediction of outcome, and axis II comorbidity","volume":"43","author":"PS Links","year":"1998","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2006.163.5.827","article-title":"Prediction of the 10-Year Course of Borderline Personality Disorder","volume":"163","author":"MC Zanarini","year":"2006","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09081130","article-title":"Time to attainment of recovery from borderline personality disorder and stability of recovery: A 10-year prospective follow-up study","volume":"167","author":"MC Zanarini","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.135.7.792","article-title":"Discriminating features of borderline patients","volume":"135","author":"JG Gunderson","year":"1978","journal-title":"The American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1447-0349.2010.00713.x","article-title":"Struggling to recover by changing suicidal behaviour: Narratives from women with borderline personality disorder","volume":"20","author":"AL Holm","year":"2011","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Nursing"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1972.01750190059011","article-title":"Diagnostic Criteria for Use in Psychiatric Research","volume":"26","author":"JP Feighner","year":"1972","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1984.01790170060007","article-title":"The Chestnut Lodge follow-up study II. Long term outcomes of schizophrenia and the affective disorders","volume":"41","author":"TH McGlashan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref54","article-title":"Object Relation Theory and Clinical Psychoanalysis","author":"OF Kernberg","year":"1976"},{"key":"ref55","year":"2000"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1976.01770060086012","article-title":"The Global Assessment Scale: A Procedure for Measuring Overall Severity of Psychiatric Disturbance","volume":"33","author":"J Endicott","year":"1976","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.165","article-title":"Diminished impulsivity in older patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"160","author":"J Stevenson","year":"2003","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1080\/10673220216229","article-title":"Implications of long-term outcome research for the management of patients with borderline personality disorder","volume":"10","author":"J Paris","year":"2002","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.2.276","article-title":"Functional impairments in patients with schizotypal, borderline, avoidant or obsessive-compulsive personality disorder","volume":"159","author":"AE Skodol","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-010-0167-x","article-title":"Common Factors in Empirically Supported Treatments of Borderline Personality Disorder","volume":"13","author":"I Weinberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Psychiatry Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1037\/h0099565","article-title":"Recovery: The lived experience of rehabilitaion","volume":"11","author":"PE Deegan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Psychosocial Rehabilitation Jounral"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1097\/01.yco.0000184418.29082.0e","article-title":"Concepts of recovery: competing or complementary?","volume":"18","author":"L Davidson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1614.2003.01234.x","article-title":"The experience of recovery from schizophrenia: Towards an empirically validated stage model","volume":"37","author":"R Andresen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1097\/HRP.0b013e3182a75c2c","article-title":"Burden and Support Needs of Carers of Persons with Borderline Personality Disorder: A Systematic Review","volume":"21","author":"RC Bailey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Harvard Review of Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi_2014_28_136","article-title":"Supporting a Person with Personality Disorder: A Study of Carer Burden and Well-being","volume":"28","author":"RC Bailey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Personality Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-012-9556-4","article-title":"&quot;It&apos;s us that have to deal with it seven days a week&quot;: Carers and borderline personality disorder","volume":"49","author":"E Dunne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1375\/anft.29.3.133","article-title":"Family Experience of Borderline Personality Disorder","volume":"29","author":"J Giffin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Family Therapy"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-10-161","article-title":"The proecess of recovery of people with mental illness: The perspectives of patients, family members and carer providers: Part 1","volume":"10","author":"S Noiseux","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref69","first-page":"39","article-title":"A qualitative study on the use of the care programme approach with individuals with borderline personality disorder","volume":"51","author":"B Rogers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychosocial Nursing"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160515","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,5]],"date-time":"2022-07-05T11:05:31Z","timestamp":1657019131000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160515"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160515","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]]}}}