{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T09:21:41Z","timestamp":1777454501327,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1470268800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160543","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]],"date-time":"2016-08-04T13:39:40Z","timestamp":1470317980000},"page":"e0160543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mirror-Touch Synaesthesia Is Not Associated with Heightened Empathy, and Can Occur with Autism"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Baron-Cohen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meng-Chuan","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carrie","family":"Allison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"ref1","first-page":"311","article-title":"Savant memory for digits in a case of synaesthesia and Asperger syndrome is related to hyperactivity in the lateral prefrontal cortex","volume":"13","author":"D Bor","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurocase"},{"issue":"Part B","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(06)55015-0","article-title":"Cross-modal interactions: lessons from synesthesia","volume":"155","author":"N Sagiv","year":"2006","journal-title":"Progress in Brain Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2004.11.003","article-title":"A systematic, large-scale study of synaesthesia: implications for the role of early experience in lexical-colour associations","volume":"98","author":"AN Rich","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70352-6","article-title":"Sound-colour synaesthesia: to what extent does it use cross-modal mechanisms common to us all?","volume":"42","author":"J Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1068\/p5469","article-title":"Synaesthesia: the prevalence of atypical cross-modal experiences","volume":"35","author":"J Simner","year":"2006","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/09647040802431946","article-title":"A colorful albino: the first documented case of synaesthesia, by Georg Tobias Ludwig Sachs in 1812","volume":"18","author":"J Jewanski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the history of the neurosciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1068\/p160761","article-title":"Hearing words and seeing colours: an experimental investigation of a case of synaesthesia","volume":"16","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-9452(08)70337-X","article-title":"Diagnosing and phenotyping visual synaesthesia: a preliminary evaluation of the revised test of genuineness (TOG-R)","volume":"42","author":"JE Asher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2006.07.012","article-title":"A standardized test battery for the study of synesthesia","volume":"159","author":"DM Eagleman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cognition.2007.05.003","article-title":"Familial patterns and the origins of individual differences in synaesthesia","volume":"106","author":"KJ Barnett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1068\/p251073","article-title":"Synaesthesia: prevalence and familiality","volume":"25","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Perception"},{"issue":"27","key":"ref12","article-title":"Is there a normal phase of synaesthesia in development?","volume":"2","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"1996","journal-title":"Psyche"},{"issue":"1470","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1576","article-title":"Psychophysical investigations into the neural basis of synaesthesia","volume":"268","author":"VS Ramachandran","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proceedings Biological sciences \/ The Royal Society"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref14","first-page":"49","article-title":"The Phenomenology of Synaesthesia","volume":"10","author":"E Hubbard","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1906","article-title":"Increased structural connectivity in grapheme-color synesthesia","volume":"10","author":"R Rouw","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.01.012","article-title":"A whole-genome scan and fine-mapping linkage study of auditory-visual synesthesia reveals evidence of linkage to chromosomes 2q24, 5q33, 6p12, and 12p12","volume":"84","author":"JE Asher","year":"2009","journal-title":"American journal of human genetics"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1810-9","article-title":"Prevalence, characteristics and a neurocognitive model of mirror-touch synaesthesia","volume":"198","author":"MJ Banissy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Experimental brain research"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh500","article-title":"Somatosensory activations during the observation of touch and a case of vision-touch synaesthesia","volume":"128","author":"SJ Blakemore","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1926","article-title":"Mirror-touch synesthesia is linked with empathy","volume":"10","author":"MJ Banissy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.12.002","article-title":"&quot;That&apos;s not a real body&quot;: identifying stimulus qualities that modulate synaesthetic experiences of touch","volume":"20","author":"H Holle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Consciousness and cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JADD.0000022607.19833.00","article-title":"The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences","volume":"34","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of autism and developmental disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2011.05.002","article-title":"Mirror-touch synaesthesia in the phantom limbs of amputees","volume":"49","author":"AI Goller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2011.09.006","article-title":"Mirror-sensory synaesthesia: exploring &apos;shared&apos; sensory experiences as synaesthesia","volume":"36","author":"BM Fitzgibbon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.07.073","article-title":"Functional and structural brain differences associated with mirror-touch synaesthesia","volume":"83","author":"H Holle","year":"2013","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00112","article-title":"Mechanisms of self-other representations and vicarious experiences of touch in mirror-touch synesthesia","volume":"7","author":"MJ Banissy","year":"2013","journal-title":"Frontiers in human neuroscience"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00256","article-title":"What can mirror-touch synaesthesia tell us about the sense of agency?","volume":"8","author":"MC Cioffi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in human neuroscience"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00789","article-title":"Self-other control: a candidate mechanism for social cognitive function","volume":"8","author":"S Sowden","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in human neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1611","article-title":"Understanding emotions in others: mirror neuron dysfunction in children with autism spectrum disorders","volume":"9","author":"M Dapretto","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nature neuroscience"},{"issue":"9\u20131","key":"ref29","first-page":"237","article-title":"Savant memory in a man with colour form-number synaesthesia and Asperger","volume":"14","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Consciousness Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-4-40","article-title":"Is synaesthesia more common in autism?","volume":"4","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular autism"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291703001624","article-title":"Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient","volume":"34","author":"EJ Lawrence","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychological medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00715","article-title":"The &quot;Reading the Mind in the Eyes&quot; Test revised version: a study with normal adults, and adults with Asperger syndrome or high-functioning autism","volume":"42","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines"},{"key":"ref33","article-title":"The Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces\u2014KDEF","author":"D Lundqvist","year":"1998"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.013","article-title":"Empathy and emotion recognition in people with autism, first-degree relatives, and controls","volume":"51","author":"E Sucksmith","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005653411471","article-title":"The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome\/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians","volume":"31","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Journal of autism and developmental disorders"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/2040-2392-6-2","article-title":"Measuring autistic traits in the general population: a systematic review of the Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ) in a nonclinical population sample of 6,900 typical adult males and females","volume":"6","author":"E Ruzich","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecular autism"},{"issue":"Pt 7","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq122","article-title":"Magnocellular visual evoked potential delay with high autism spectrum quotient yields a neural mechanism for altered perception","volume":"133","author":"A Sutherland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(02)01904-6","article-title":"The extreme male brain theory of autism","volume":"6","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Trends in cognitive sciences"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001081","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.1001081","article-title":"Why are autism spectrum conditions more prevalent in males?","volume":"9","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102251","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0102251","article-title":"Attenuation of typical sex differences in 800 adults with autism vs. 3,900 controls","volume":"9","author":"S Baron-Cohen","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.10.003","article-title":"Sex\/gender differences and autism: setting the scene for future research","volume":"54","author":"MC Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160543","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T23:15:29Z","timestamp":1540336529000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160543"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Hidenori","family":"Yamasue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160543","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,4]]}}}