{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T18:44:51Z","timestamp":1770749091572,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1471910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/L006529\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/L006529\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161784","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]],"date-time":"2016-08-23T17:37:21Z","timestamp":1471973841000},"page":"e0161784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Determinants of Carboxyhemoglobin Levels and Relationship with Sepsis in a Retrospective Cohort of Preterm Neonates"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Andrew J.","family":"McArdle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Webbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Sim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Parrish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Clive","family":"Hoggart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yifei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. Simon","family":"Kroll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sunit","family":"Godambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1305-3529","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Aubrey J.","family":"Cunnington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"94","article-title":"Monitoring Oxygenation and Gas Exchange in Neonatal Intensive Care Units: Current Practice in the Netherlands","volume":"3","author":"RN Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.3","article-title":"Carbon monoxide: endogenous production, physiological functions, and pharmacological applications","volume":"57","author":"L Wu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3228","article-title":"The therapeutic potential of carbon monoxide","volume":"9","author":"R Motterlini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2014.66","article-title":"End-tidal carbon monoxide and hemolysis","volume":"34","author":"GF Tidmarsh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Perinatol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1002\/ppul.22504","article-title":"Non-invasive measurements of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin in children with sickle cell disease","volume":"47","author":"JB Caboot","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pediatric Pulmonol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"017111","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/7\/1\/017111","article-title":"Carbon monoxide in exhaled breath testing and therapeutics","volume":"7","author":"SW Ryter","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2015.1004050","article-title":"The role of carboxyhemoglobin measured with CO-oximetry in the detection of hemolysis in newborns with ABO alloimmunization","volume":"29","author":"J Lozar-Krivec","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Mat Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.61.2.748","article-title":"The enzymatic conversion of heme to bilirubin by microsomal heme oxygenase","volume":"61","author":"R Tenhunen","year":"1968","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)42488-4","article-title":"Characterization of two constitutive forms of rat liver microsomal heme oxygenase. Only one molecular species of the enzyme is inducible","volume":"261","author":"MD Maines","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2005","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1\/carbon monoxide: from basic science to therapeutic applications","volume":"86","author":"SW Ryter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pharmtox.010909.105600","article-title":"Mechanisms of cell protection by heme oxygenase-1","volume":"50","author":"R Gozzelino","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1586","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 and carbon monoxide suppress the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria","volume":"13","author":"A Pamplona","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"37","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903419106","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 affords protection against noncerebral forms of severe malaria","volume":"106","author":"E Seixas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"51","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51ra71","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3001118","article-title":"A central role for free heme in the pathogenesis of severe sepsis","volume":"2","author":"R Larsen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1006\/geno.1994.1213","article-title":"Chromosomal localization of the human heme oxygenase genes: heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) maps to chromosome 22q12 and heme oxygenase-2 (HMOX2) maps to chromosome 16p13.3","volume":"20","author":"RK Kutty","year":"1994","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1165\/rcmb.2006-0340TR","article-title":"How many transcription factors does it take to turn on the heme oxygenase-1 gene?","volume":"36","author":"J Alam","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2006.8.107","article-title":"The heme-Bach1 pathway in the regulation of oxidative stress response and erythroid differentiation","volume":"8","author":"K Igarashi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"issue":"19","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5216","DOI":"10.1093\/emboj\/cdf516","article-title":"Hemoprotein Bach1 regulates enhancer availability of heme oxygenase-1 gene","volume":"21","author":"J Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104994","article-title":"Effect of Erythrocyte Destruction on Carbon Monoxide Production in Man","volume":"43","author":"RF Coburn","year":"1964","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.47.4.723","article-title":"Carboxyhemoglobin levels as an index of hemolysis","volume":"47","author":"RR Engel","year":"1971","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25447","article-title":"Point-of-care end-tidal carbon monoxide reflects severity of hemolysis in sickle cell anemia","volume":"62","author":"A Lal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pediatr Blood Cancer"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2004.71.43","article-title":"Carboxyhemoglobin levels in Kenyan children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria","volume":"71","author":"AJ Cunnington","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-199903000-00012","article-title":"Carboxyhemoglobin elevation in trauma victims","volume":"46","author":"M Moncure","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.88.10.889","article-title":"Carbon monoxide concentrations in paediatric sepsis syndrome","volume":"88","author":"Y Shi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"047103","DOI":"10.1088\/1752-7155\/4\/4\/047103","article-title":"An increase in exhaled CO concentration in systemic inflammation\/sepsis","volume":"4","author":"H Morimatsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Breath Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ofu085","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofu085","article-title":"Elevated carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide ratio in the exhaled breath of mice treated with a single dose of lipopolysaccharide","volume":"1","author":"AG Langeroudi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333413","article-title":"Recent developments and current issues in the epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of bacterial and fungal neonatal sepsis","volume":"30","author":"AL Shane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2009.12.001","article-title":"Adjunct laboratory tests in the diagnosis of early-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"37","author":"WE Benitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"The use of laboratory biomarkers for surveillance, diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcomes in neonatal sepsis and necrotising enterocolitis","author":"PC Ng","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2014.12.002","article-title":"The infant microbiome development: mom matters","volume":"21","author":"NT Mueller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G607","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00055.2005","article-title":"Carbon monoxide protects against the development of experimental necrotizing enterocolitis","volume":"289","author":"BS Zuckerbraun","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4","volume":"67","author":"B Douglas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI105360","article-title":"Endogenous carbon monoxide production in patients with hemolytic anemia","volume":"45","author":"RF Coburn","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref35","first-page":"1","article-title":"Endogenous formation of carbon monoxide in hemolytic disease; with special regard to quantitative comparisons to other hemolytic indices","volume":"332","author":"L Engstedt","year":"1957","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand Suppl"},{"issue":"4170","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1038\/164580a0","article-title":"Endogenous formation of carbon monoxide in man","volume":"164","author":"T Sjostrand","year":"1949","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00031-13","article-title":"Early-onset neonatal sepsis","volume":"27","author":"KA Simonsen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V33.1.37.37","article-title":"Relative affinity of human fetal hemoglobin for carbon monoxide and oxygen","volume":"33","author":"RR Engel","year":"1969","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-006-0375-x","article-title":"Heme oxygenase-1 expression in premature and mature neonates during the first week of life","volume":"166","author":"Z Maroti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.siny.2015.12.001","article-title":"Anemia and transfusion in the neonate","volume":"21","author":"R Colombatti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Semin Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1912.sp001517","article-title":"The laws of combination of haemoglobin with carbon monoxide and oxygen","volume":"44","author":"CG Douglas","year":"1912","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(02)00781-7","article-title":"Affinity of carbon monoxide to hemoglobin increases at low oxygen fractions","volume":"295","author":"M Westphal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-0877","article-title":"Carbon monoxide is a significant mediator of cardiovascular status following preterm birth","volume":"124","author":"MJ Stark","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2015.04.005","article-title":"Reference Intervals in Neonatal Hematology","volume":"42","author":"E Henry","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4267","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)33291-X","article-title":"Dissociation of CO from carboxyhemoglobin","volume":"251","author":"VS Sharma","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2647","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00937.2004","article-title":"Extracellular acidosis induces heme oxygenase-1 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"288","author":"H Christou","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2012-11-451229","article-title":"Hemolysis and free hemoglobin revisited: exploring hemoglobin and hemin scavengers as a novel class of therapeutic proteins","volume":"121","author":"DJ Schaer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2014.00415","article-title":"Haptoglobin, hemopexin, and related defense pathways-basic science, clinical perspectives, and drug development","volume":"5","author":"DJ Schaer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1998.8244","article-title":"Arterio-venous carboxyhemoglobin difference suggests carbon monoxide production by human lungs","volume":"244","author":"J Meyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200407-914OC","article-title":"Increased arterial carboxyhemoglobin concentrations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"171","author":"H Yasuda","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1258\/000456302760042146","article-title":"Analysis of carbon monoxide","volume":"39","author":"B Widdop","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00174.2012","article-title":"The measurement of endogenous carbon monoxide production","volume":"112","author":"RF Coburn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol (1985)"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0161784","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T22:46:21Z","timestamp":1657147581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0161784"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"William","family":"Durante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0161784","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,23]]}}}