{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:39:46Z","timestamp":1777595986399,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474934400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81571856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81571856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81373247"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81373247"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163668","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]],"date-time":"2016-09-27T18:28:36Z","timestamp":1475000916000},"page":"e0163668","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Population-Based Study of Four Genes Associated with Heroin Addiction in Han Chinese"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3336-3495","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Yunxiao","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaomeng","family":"Qiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fangyuan","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shuguang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","first-page":"173","article-title":"Heroin addiction","volume":"81","author":"S Hosztafi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta pharmaceutica Hungarica"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(99)00109-X","article-title":"Genetic studies of substance abuse","volume":"59","author":"MM Vanyukov","year":"2000","journal-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.4.687","article-title":"Specificity of genetic and environmental risk factors for use and abuse\/dependence of cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, sedatives, stimulants, and opiates in male twins","volume":"160","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2003","journal-title":"The American journal of psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.55.11.967","article-title":"Co-occurrence of abuse of different drugs in men: the role of drug-specific and shared vulnerabilities","volume":"55","author":"MT Tsuang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Archives of general psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0376-8716(98)00101-X","article-title":"Genetic and environmental influences on drug use and abuse\/dependence in male and female twins","volume":"52","author":"MB van den Bree","year":"1998","journal-title":"Drug and alcohol dependence"},{"issue":"7546","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14101","article-title":"Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures","volume":"520","author":"DP Hibar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2011.06.026","article-title":"Control of neuronal morphology by the atypical cadherin Fat3","volume":"71","author":"MR Deans","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9304","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37108-9","article-title":"Ethanol inhibits neural cell-cell adhesion","volume":"269","author":"ME Charness","year":"1994","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2013.15.4\/enestler","article-title":"Cellular basis of memory for addiction","volume":"15","author":"EJ Nestler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dialogues in clinical neuroscience"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.07.046","article-title":"The Brain on Drugs: From Reward to Addiction","volume":"162","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"42","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32854","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M005650200","article-title":"Kinectin-kinesin binding domains and their effects on organelle motility","volume":"275","author":"LL Ong","year":"2000","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(96)12752-X","article-title":"Kinectin distribution in chicken nervous system","volume":"211","author":"I Toyoshima","year":"1996","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.117.3.595","article-title":"Suppression of kinesin expression in cultured hippocampal neurons using antisense oligonucleotides","volume":"117","author":"A Ferreira","year":"1992","journal-title":"The Journal of cell biology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.6.1.21","article-title":"Fast axonal transport of kinesin in the rat visual system: functionality of kinesin heavy chain isoforms","volume":"6","author":"RG Elluru","year":"1995","journal-title":"Molecular biology of the cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3276","article-title":"Synaptic scaffold evolution generated components of vertebrate cognitive complexity","volume":"16","author":"J Nithianantharajah","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2011.233","article-title":"Genetic mapping of habitual substance use, obesity-related traits, responses to mental and physical stress, and heart rate and blood pressure measurements reveals shared genes that are overrepresented in the neural synapse","volume":"35","author":"M Nikpay","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertension research: official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4272","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-12-04272.2001","article-title":"A role of netrin-1 in the formation of the subcortical structure striatum: repulsive action on the migration of late-born striatal neurons","volume":"21","author":"T Hamasaki","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07163.x","article-title":"Netrin-1 receptor in the ventral tegmental area is required for sensitization to amphetamine","volume":"31","author":"L Yetnikoff","year":"2010","journal-title":"The European journal of neuroscience"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.05.020","article-title":"dcc haploinsufficiency results in blunted sensitivity to cocaine enhancement of reward seeking","volume":"298","author":"LM Reynolds","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behavioural brain research"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-15-345","article-title":"The Netrin-1 receptor DCC is a regulator of maladaptive responses to chronic morphine administration","volume":"15","author":"DY Liang","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC genomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","first-page":"220","article-title":"Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs): functional implications of regulatory-SNP (rSNP) and structural RNA (srSNPs) in complex diseases","volume":"149","author":"J Ramirez-Bello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gaceta medica de Mexico"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.2217\/pgs.13.217","article-title":"BDNF rs6265 polymorphism and drug addiction: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"BS Haerian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2011.08.005","article-title":"The brain-derived neurotrophic factor is associated with alcohol dependence-related depression and antidepressant response","volume":"1415","author":"N Su","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain research"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2411","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.270.6.2411","article-title":"Exon recognition in vertebrate splicing","volume":"270","author":"SM Berget","year":"1995","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(90)81282-S","article-title":"The role of introns in evolution","volume":"268","author":"JH Rogers","year":"1990","journal-title":"FEBS letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semcdb.2004.11.006","article-title":"The implications of structured 5&apos; untranslated regions on translation and disease","volume":"16","author":"BM Pickering","year":"2005","journal-title":"Seminars in cell & developmental biology"},{"issue":"5670","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1097434","article-title":"MicroRNA-directed cleavage of HOXB8 mRNA","volume":"304","author":"S Yekta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-11-600","article-title":"SNPexp\u2014A web tool for calculating and visualizing correlation between HapMap genotypes and gene expression levels","volume":"11","author":"K Holm","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC bioinformatics"},{"issue":"5576","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1069424","article-title":"The structure of haplotype blocks in the human genome","volume":"296","author":"SB Gabriel","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1086\/379378","article-title":"A comparison of bayesian methods for haplotype reconstruction from population genotype data","volume":"73","author":"M Stephens","year":"2003","journal-title":"American journal of human genetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.10218","article-title":"Power of multifactor dimensionality reduction for detecting gene-gene interactions in the presence of genotyping error, missing data, phenocopy, and genetic heterogeneity","volume":"24","author":"MD Ritchie","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetic epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref32","first-page":"1","article-title":"Current Practice of Genetics Research of Psychiatric Disorders","volume":"1","author":"C Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry and Brain Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0252-9","article-title":"The influence of gene-environment interactions on the development of alcoholism and drug dependence","volume":"14","author":"MA Enoch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Current psychiatry reports"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-014-0504-6","article-title":"Genetics of opiate addiction","volume":"16","author":"B Reed","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current psychiatry reports"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3387","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI60390","article-title":"Opiate addiction and cocaine addiction: underlying molecular neurobiology and genetics","volume":"122","author":"MJ Kreek","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of clinical investigation"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.1.1","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatments","volume":"57","author":"MJ Kreek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pharmacological reviews"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref37","first-page":"287","article-title":"Heroin","volume":"68","author":"I Demaret","year":"2013","journal-title":"Revue medicale de Liege"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.96811135.x","article-title":"Heroin overdose: causes and consequences","volume":"96","author":"M Warner-Smith","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"7031","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03441","article-title":"Systematic discovery of regulatory motifs in human promoters and 3&apos; UTRs by comparison of several mammals","volume":"434","author":"X Xie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-006-0218-x","article-title":"A systematic analysis of disease-associated variants in the 3&apos; regulatory regions of human protein-coding genes II: the importance of mRNA secondary structure in assessing the functionality of 3&apos; UTR variants","volume":"120","author":"JM Chen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Human genetics"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-13-661","article-title":"MirSNP, a database of polymorphisms altering miRNA target sites, identifies miRNA-related SNPs in GWAS SNPs and eQTLs","volume":"13","author":"C Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC genomics"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2012.02.023","article-title":"Association between schizophrenia and genetic variation in DCC: a case-control study","volume":"137","author":"A Grant","year":"2012","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-016-0751-6","article-title":"An Association Study Between Genetic Polymorphisms in Functional Regions of Five Genes and the Risk of Schizophrenia","volume":"59","author":"P Yan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of molecular neuroscience: MN"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001607","article-title":"Netrin receptor deficient mice exhibit functional reorganization of dopaminergic systems and do not sensitize to amphetamine","volume":"10","author":"C Flores","year":"2005","journal-title":"Molecular psychiatry"},{"issue":"Pt 22","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3901","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.069153","article-title":"Kinectin-mediated endoplasmic reticulum dynamics supports focal adhesion growth in the cellular lamella","volume":"123","author":"X Zhang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of cell science"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.10324","article-title":"Axonal transport versus dendritic transport","volume":"58","author":"M Setou","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of neurobiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.10146","article-title":"Widespread but regionally specific effects of experimenter- versus self-administered morphine on dendritic spines in the nucleus accumbens, hippocampus, and neocortex of adult rats","volume":"46","author":"TE Robinson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Synapse (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2012.03.020","article-title":"Integration of GWAS SNPs and tissue specific expression profiling reveal discrete eQTLs for human traits in blood and brain","volume":"47","author":"DG Hernandez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurobiology of disease"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3801","article-title":"Genetic variability in the regulation of gene expression in ten regions of the human brain","volume":"17","author":"A Ramasamy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref50","first-page":"341","article-title":"Opposite effects of amphetamine self-administration experience on dendritic spines in the medial and orbital prefrontal cortex","volume":"15","author":"HS Crombag","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cerebral cortex (New York, NY: 1991)"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1111\/tra.12295","article-title":"Synaptic Cytoskeletal Plasticity in the Prefrontal Cortex Following Psychostimulant Exposure","volume":"16","author":"LM DePoy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark)"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20106","article-title":"Nicotine stimulates dendritic arborization in motor cortex and improves concurrent motor skill but impairs subsequent motor learning","volume":"55","author":"CL Gonzalez","year":"2005","journal-title":"Synapse (New York, NY)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2012.1669","article-title":"Function and cancer genomics of FAT family genes (review)","volume":"41","author":"M Katoh","year":"2012","journal-title":"International journal of oncology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1038\/emboj.2011.487","article-title":"A molecular mechanism that links Hippo signalling to the inhibition of Wnt\/beta-catenin signalling","volume":"31","author":"M Imajo","year":"2012","journal-title":"The EMBO journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgg.2011.09.005","article-title":"Deciphering tumor-suppressor signaling in flies: genetic link between Scribble\/Dlg\/Lgl and the Hippo pathways","volume":"38","author":"M Enomoto","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of genetics and genomics = Yi chuan xue bao"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e110031","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110031","article-title":"SAX-3 (Robo) and UNC-40 (DCC) regulate a directional bias for axon guidance in response to multiple extracellular cues","volume":"9","author":"X Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1146857","DOI":"10.1080\/21624054.2016.1146857","article-title":"Orchestrating A\/P and D\/V guidance\u2014A Wnt\/Netrin tale","volume":"5","author":"N Levy-Strumpf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Worm"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.113.149310","article-title":"Kinesin-1 acts with netrin and DCC to maintain sensory neuron position in Caenorhabditis elegans","volume":"194","author":"BJ Barsi-Rhyne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"25","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9084","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0039-11.2011","article-title":"A novel role of the WNT-dishevelled-GSK3beta signaling cascade in the mouse nucleus accumbens in a social defeat model of depression","volume":"31","author":"MB Wilkinson","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Journal of neuroscience: the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2015.09.023","article-title":"Dopaminergic Neurons and Brain Reward Pathways: From Neurogenesis to Circuit Assembly","volume":"186","author":"SX Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"The American journal of pathology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163668","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,9]],"date-time":"2022-07-09T08:17:14Z","timestamp":1657354634000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163668"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Yong-Gang","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]},"references-count":60,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163668","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,27]]}}}