{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:11:04Z","timestamp":1791951064805,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1474848000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Egyptian government, ministry of high eduaction and scientific research","award":["PhD scholarship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD scholarship"]}]},{"name":"United states Department of Agriculture- Agriculture Resarch Service","award":["5348-32000-028-00D"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5348-32000-028-00D"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163791","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T17:39:01Z","timestamp":1474911541000},"page":"e0163791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Expression of 6-Cys Gene Superfamily Defines Babesia bovis Sexual Stage Development within Rhipicephalus microplus"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Heba F.","family":"Alzan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey O. T.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Knowles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R.","family":"Herndon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massaro W.","family":"Ueti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glen A.","family":"Scoles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lowell S.","family":"Kappmeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos E.","family":"Suarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.042","article-title":"Live vaccines against bovine babesiosis","volume":"138","author":"D De Waal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Veterinary parasitology"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S247","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182004005190","article-title":"Babesiosis of cattle","volume":"129","author":"R Bock","year":"2004","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182014000961","article-title":"Vaccines against bovine babesiosis: where we are now and possible roads ahead","volume":"141","author":"M Florin-Christensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"233","article-title":"Recent advances in the chemotherapy of babesiosis by Asian scientists: toxoplasmosis and babesiosis in Asia","volume":"4","author":"S Bork","year":"2005","journal-title":"Asian Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2006.01.048","article-title":"Chemotherapy against babesiosis","volume":"138","author":"HJ Vial","year":"2006","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2011.05.032","article-title":"Emerging perspectives in the research of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis","volume":"180","author":"CE Suarez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.03.026","article-title":"Tick-borne diseases in cattle: applications of proteomics to develop new generation vaccines","volume":"75","author":"I Marcelino","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of proteomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.2307\/3280808","article-title":"Light and electron microscopic study on developmental stages of <italic>Babesia canis<\/italic> within the gut of the tick Dermacentor reticulatus","volume":"66","author":"H Mehlhorn","year":"1980","journal-title":"The Journal of parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2012.10.007","article-title":"Validation of BdCCp2 as a marker for <italic>Babesia divergens<\/italic> sexual stages in ticks","volume":"133","author":"CA Becker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Experimental parasitology"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetpar.2009.09.022","article-title":"Transfection systems for <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic>: a review of methods for the transient and stable expression of exogenous genes","volume":"167","author":"CE Suarez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vet Parasitol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02462979","article-title":"Rediscovery of Koch&apos;s &quot;strahlenorper&quot; of <italic>Babesia bigemin<\/italic>a","volume":"50","author":"KT Friedhoff","year":"1976","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Parasitenkunde (Berlin, Germany)"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2004.07.003","article-title":"<italic>Babesia bigemina<\/italic> sexual stages are induced in vitro and are specifically recognized by antibodies in the midgut of infected Boophilus microplus ticks","volume":"34","author":"J Mosqueda","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e67765","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067765","article-title":"Differential expression of three members of the multidomain adhesion CCp family in <italic>Babesia bigemina<\/italic>, <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> and <italic>Theileria equi<\/italic>","volume":"8","author":"RG Bastos","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(94)00054-Q","article-title":"Predicted disulfide-bonded structures for three uniquely related proteins of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>, Pfs230, Pfs4845 and Pf12","volume":"71","author":"R Carter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(99)00066-3","article-title":"Identification of additional members define a <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> gene superfamily which includes Pfs48\/45 and Pfs230","volume":"101","author":"TJ Templeton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(93)90058-6","article-title":"Cloning and expression of the gene for <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> transmission-blocking target antigen, Pfs230","volume":"58","author":"KC Williamson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"38","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13598","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502378102","article-title":"Structural models for the protein family characterized by gamete surface protein Pfs230 of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>","volume":"102","author":"DL Gerloff","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00377-2","article-title":"Comparative genomics in <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic>: a tool for the identification of genes and functional analysis","volume":"118","author":"J Thompson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2006.05.015","article-title":"Pfs47, paralog of the male fertility factor Pfs48\/45, is a female specific surface protein in <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>","volume":"149","author":"BC van Schaijk","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/S0092-8674(01)00199-4","article-title":"A central role for P48\/45 in malaria parasite male gamete fertility","volume":"104","author":"MR van Dijk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000853","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000853","article-title":"Three members of the 6-cys protein family of <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic> play a role in gamete fertility","volume":"6","author":"MR van Dijk","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"18","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12805","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.455667","article-title":"Structural and biochemical characterization of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> 12 (Pf12) reveals a unique interdomain organization and the potential for an antiparallel arrangement with Pf41","volume":"288","author":"ML Tonkin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Chemistry"},{"issue":"6135","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235264","article-title":"The human malaria parasite Pfs47 gene mediates evasion of the mosquito immune system","volume":"340","author":"A Molina-Cruz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parint.2010.09.004","article-title":"<italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> expresses Bbo-6cys-E, a member of a novel gene family that is homologous to the 6-cys family of <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic>","volume":"60","author":"MG Silva","year":"2011","journal-title":"Parasitology international"},{"issue":"43","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.07.030","article-title":"Development of a transmission-blocking malaria vaccine: progress, challenges, and the path forward","volume":"32","author":"JK Nunes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"4436","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7355284","article-title":"<italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic>: continuous cultivation in a microaerophilous stationary phase culture","volume":"207","author":"MG Levy","year":"1980","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(89)90096-0","article-title":"Molecular characterization of <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> merozoite surface proteins bearing epitopes immunodominant in protected cattle","volume":"37","author":"SA Hines","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1998.tb11046.x","article-title":"<italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> immunity. In vitro and <italic>in vivo<\/italic> evidence for IL-10 regulation of IFN-gamma and iNOS","volume":"849","author":"WL Goff","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.42.1.15-18.1983","article-title":"Cloning of <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> by in vitro cultivation","volume":"42","author":"SD Rodriguez","year":"1983","journal-title":"Infection and Immunity"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000052835","article-title":"Cryopreservation of <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> for in vitro cultivation","volume":"84","author":"DA Palmer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-12-410","article-title":"Attenuation of virulence in an apicomplexan hemoparasite results in reduced genome diversity at the population level","volume":"12","author":"AO Lau","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC genomics"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.0030148","article-title":"Genome sequence of <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> and comparative analysis of apicomplexan hemoprotozoa","volume":"3","author":"KA Brayton","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2006.05284.x","article-title":"Malaria transmission\u2010blocking antigen, Pfs230, mediates human red blood cell binding to exflagellating male parasites and oocyst production","volume":"61","author":"S Eksi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular microbiology"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"W465","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkn180","article-title":"Phylogeny.fr: robust phylogenetic analysis for the non-specialist","volume":"36","author":"A Dereeper","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-8","article-title":"BLAST-EXPLORER helps you building datasets for phylogenetic analysis","volume":"10","author":"A Dereeper","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC evolutionary biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.032144","article-title":"Detecting amino acid sites under positive selection and purifying selection","volume":"169","author":"T Massingham","year":"2005","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00196-06","article-title":"Validation of a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies against <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic>","volume":"13","author":"WL Goff","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clinical and vaccine immunology: CVI"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M600035-MCP200","article-title":"Identification and stoichiometry of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored membrane proteins of the human malaria parasite <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>","volume":"5","author":"PR Gilson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Molecular & cellular proteomics: MCP"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00511.x","article-title":"Target antigens of malaria transmission blocking immunity exist as a stable membrane bound complex","volume":"9","author":"N Kumar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2158","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.13-241570","article-title":"Two <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic> 6-Cys family-related proteins have distinct and critical roles in liver-stage development","volume":"28","author":"T Annoura","year":"2014","journal-title":"FASEB journal: official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6692","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1204363109","article-title":"Structure of the <italic>Plasmodium<\/italic> 6-cysteine s48\/45 domain","volume":"109","author":"SA Arredondo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2164-14-763","article-title":"Comparative transcriptome analysis of geographically distinct virulent and attenuated <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> strains reveals similar gene expression changes through attenuation","volume":"14","author":"MJ Pedroni","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC genomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7113","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku322","article-title":"The evolutionary dynamics of variant antigen genes in <italic>Babesia<\/italic> reveal a history of genomic innovation underlying host-parasite interaction","volume":"42","author":"AP Jackson","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2012.02.010","article-title":"Assessing the adequacy of attenuation of genetically modified malaria parasite vaccine candidates","volume":"30","author":"T Annoura","year":"2012","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","first-page":"215","article-title":"Structure, sequence, and transcriptional analysis of the <italic>Babesia bovis<\/italic> rap-1 multigene locus","volume":"93","author":"CE Suarez","year":"1998","journal-title":"Molecular and biochemical parasitology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3024.1990.tb00990.x","article-title":"Properties of epitopes of Pfs 48\/45, a target of transmission blocking monoclonal antibodies, on gametes of different isolates of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>","volume":"12","author":"R Carter","year":"1990","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4301","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800459105","article-title":"Correctly folded Pfs48\/45 protein of <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic> elicits malaria transmission-blocking immunity in mice","volume":"105","author":"NS Outchkourov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163791","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,26]],"date-time":"2020-09-26T07:56:03Z","timestamp":1601106963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163791"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ulrike Gertrud","family":"Munderloh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163791","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]]}}}