{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T00:05:49Z","timestamp":1792109149740,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["14430103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14430103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["14432545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14432545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["1331475"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1331475"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["12902768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12902768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"JST","award":["PRESTO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PRESTO"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["15H05374"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15H05374"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163948","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]],"date-time":"2016-10-04T17:52:00Z","timestamp":1475603520000},"page":"e0163948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Representation of Afferent Signals from Forearm Muscle and Cutaneous Nerves in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex of the Macaque Monkey"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Yamada","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Yaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeka","family":"Tomatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Takei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomichi","family":"Oya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4262-9590","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Seki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4028","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.1126\/science.175.4028.1382","article-title":"Proprioceptive illusions induced by muscle vibration: contribution by muscle spindles to perception?","volume":"175","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","first-page":"8P","article-title":"A systematic distortion of position sense produced by muscle fibration","volume":"221","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"1972","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.1.347","article-title":"Impairments of reaching movements in patients without proprioception. I. Spatial errors","volume":"73","author":"J Gordon","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.81.3.979","article-title":"Motor deficits in patients with large-fiber sensory neuropathy","volume":"81","author":"JN Sanes","year":"1984","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903210306","article-title":"Area 3a in the cat. II. Projections to the motor cortex and their relations to other corticocortical connections","volume":"321","author":"C Avendano","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(80)90002-8","article-title":"What is area 3a?","volume":"203","author":"EG Jones","year":"1980","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)00606-7","article-title":"Monkey primary somatosensory cortex has a proprioceptive representation of eye position","volume":"171","author":"M Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90669-1","article-title":"Activity of neurons in cortical area 3a during maintenance of steady postures by the monkey","volume":"88","author":"J Tanji","year":"1975","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(74)90544-7","article-title":"Activities of neurons in area 3a of the cerebral cortex during voluntary movements in the monkey","volume":"78","author":"H Yumiya","year":"1974","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1975.sp011125","article-title":"Responses of neurones in motor cortex and in area 3A to controlled stretches of forelimb muscles in cebus monkeys","volume":"251","author":"GE Lucier","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1982.48.4.1048","article-title":"Physiological properties of neurons projecting from area 3a to area 4 gamma of feline cerebral cortex","volume":"48","author":"H Asanuma","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00238065","article-title":"Projection from area 3a to the motor cortex by neurons activated from group I muscle afferents","volume":"33","author":"P Zarzecki","year":"1978","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.68.2.518","article-title":"Serial and parallel processing of tactual information in somatosensory cortex of rhesus monkeys","volume":"68","author":"TP Pons","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2119","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.4.2119","article-title":"Plasticity of primary somatosensory cortex paralleling sensorimotor skill recovery from stroke in adult monkeys","volume":"79","author":"C Xerri","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90388-R","article-title":"Primary motor cortex receives input from area 3a in macaques","volume":"537","author":"MF Huerta","year":"1990","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1983.63.1.206","article-title":"What, if anything, is SI? Organization of first somatosensory area of cortex","volume":"63","author":"JH Kaas","year":"1983","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/11.9.849","article-title":"Area 3a: topographic organization and cortical connections in marmoset monkeys","volume":"11","author":"KJ Huffman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0808362106","article-title":"Subdivisions of primary motor cortex based on cortico-motoneuronal cells","volume":"106","author":"JA Rathelot","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901830410","article-title":"Differential thalamic relationships of sensory-motor and parietal cortical fields in monkeys","volume":"183","author":"EG Jones","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1966.sp007816","article-title":"Short-latency projections to the cat&apos;s cerebral cortex from skin and muscle afferents in the contralateral forelimb","volume":"182","author":"O Oscarsson","year":"1966","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"The Sensory Hand: Neural Mechanisms of Somatic Sensation","author":"VB Mountcastle","year":"2005"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(76)90518-7","article-title":"Selective activation of neurons in cortical area 3a associated with accurate maintenance of limb positions","volume":"115","author":"J Tanji","year":"1976","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.45.3.482","article-title":"Neuronal responses in sensorimotor cortex to ramp displacements and maintained positions imposed on hindlimb of the unanesthetized monkey","volume":"45","author":"SP Wise","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00668.2010","article-title":"The time course of the tonic oculomotor proprioceptive signal in area 3a of somatosensory cortex","volume":"106","author":"Y Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1878","article-title":"The proprioceptive representation of eye position in monkey primary somatosensory cortex","volume":"10","author":"X Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Multimodal Interactions between Proprioceptive and Cutaneous Signals in Primary Somatosensory Cortex","author":"SS Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/108.4.965","article-title":"Illusory movements produced by electrical stimulation of low-threshold muscle afferents from the hand","volume":"108","author":"SC Gandevia","year":"1985","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/95.4.705","article-title":"The contribution of muscle afferents to kinaesthesia shown by vibration induced illusions of movement and by the effects of paralysing joint afferents","volume":"95","author":"GM Goodwin","year":"1972","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1988.sp017208","article-title":"Responses to passive movement of receptors in joint, skin and muscle of the human hand","volume":"402","author":"D Burke","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.65.3.657","article-title":"Finger movement responses of cutaneous mechanoreceptors in the dorsal skin of the human hand","volume":"65","author":"BB Edin","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1979.sp012809","article-title":"The responses of afferent fibres from the glabrous skin of the hand during voluntary finger movements in man","volume":"291","author":"M Hulliger","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021733","article-title":"Movement illusions evoked by ensemble cutaneous input from the dorsum of the human hand","volume":"496","author":"DF Collins","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020875","article-title":"Skin strain patterns provide kinaesthetic information to the human central nervous system","volume":"487","author":"BB Edin","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1976.sp011364","article-title":"Inputs from low threshold muscle and cutaneous afferents of hand and forearm to areas 3a and 3b of baboon&apos;s cerebral cortex","volume":"257","author":"CJ Heath","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3241","article-title":"The origin of extracellular fields and currents\u2014EEG, ECoG, LFP and spikes","volume":"13","author":"G Buzsaki","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236532","article-title":"Convergence of sensory inputs in somatosensory cortex: interactions from separate afferent sources","volume":"57","author":"R Kang","year":"1985","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(83)90741-2","article-title":"Interactions among convergent inputs to somatosensory cortex neurons","volume":"276","author":"M Macgillis","year":"1983","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00239570","article-title":"Convergence of sensory inputs upon projection neurons of somatosensory cortex","volume":"48","author":"P Zarzecki","year":"1982","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1971.sp009579","article-title":"Projection from low-threshold muscle afferents of hand and forearm to area 3a of baboon&apos;s cortex","volume":"217","author":"CG Phillips","year":"1971","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1981.45.1.59","article-title":"Thalamic input to areas 3a and 2 in monkeys","volume":"45","author":"DP Friedman","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901810206","article-title":"Intracortical connectivity of architectonic fields in the somatic sensory, motor and parietal cortex of monkeys","volume":"181","author":"EG Jones","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.07.038","article-title":"Segregation of tactile input features in neurons of the cuneate nucleus","volume":"83","author":"H Jorntell","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1404","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3804","article-title":"Edge-orientation processing in first-order tactile neurons","volume":"17","author":"JA Pruszynski","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2001.0289j.x","article-title":"Cutaneous afferents provide information about knee joint movements in humans","volume":"531","author":"B Edin","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1992.67.5.1105","article-title":"Quantitative analysis of static strain sensitivity in human mechanoreceptors from hairy skin","volume":"67","author":"BB Edin","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1669","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1979.42.6.1669","article-title":"Sensitization of myelinated nociceptive afferents that innervate monkey hand","volume":"42","author":"JN Campbell","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"ref47","article-title":"Secondary hyperalgesia is mediated by heat-insensitive A-fibre nociceptors","author":"EN van den Broeke","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.02.052","article-title":"The Change in Fingertip Contact Area as a Novel Proprioceptive Cue","volume":"26","author":"A Moscatelli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00505.x","article-title":"Sensory integration in the perception of movements at the human metacarpophalangeal joint","volume":"529","author":"DF Collins","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.126854","article-title":"Impairment of human proprioception by high-frequency cutaneous vibration","volume":"581","author":"NS Weerakkody","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00980-7","article-title":"I feel my hand moving: a new role of the primary motor cortex in somatic perception of limb movement","volume":"36","author":"E Naito","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.06.010","article-title":"Specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the cingulate cortex of the Chacma baboon (Papio ursinus): an intracellular injection study of the posterior and anterior cingulate gyrus with comparative notes on the macaque and vervet monkeys","volume":"387","author":"GN Elston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0043-9","article-title":"Regional specialization in pyramidal cell structure in the limbic cortex of the vervet monkey (Cercopithecus pygerythrus): an intracellular injection study of the anterior and posterior cingulate gyrus","volume":"167","author":"GN Elston","year":"2005","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4958-11.2012","article-title":"Gating of sensory input at spinal and cortical levels during preparation and execution of voluntary movement","volume":"32","author":"K Seki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163948","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:45:30Z","timestamp":1588967130000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163948"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Sliman J.","family":"Bensmaia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163948","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,4]]}}}