{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:55:57Z","timestamp":1792454157237,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1476230400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0164625","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]],"date-time":"2016-10-12T13:42:27Z","timestamp":1476279747000},"page":"e0164625","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Neurofilaments as Biomarkers for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5735-9987","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Zhouwei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert David","family":"Henderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela Ann","family":"McCombe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"22","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16679","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)85471-6","article-title":"Glycosylation of mammalian neurofilaments. Localization of multiple O-linked N-acetylglucosamine moieties on neurofilament polypeptides L and M","volume":"268","author":"DL Dong","year":"1993","journal-title":"The Journal of biological chemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512443092","article-title":"Neurofilaments as biomarkers in multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"CE Teunissen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(91)90062-Y","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphorylation: a new look at regulation and function","volume":"14","author":"RA Nixon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Trends in neurosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(87)90049-X","article-title":"Phosphorylation protects neurofilaments against proteolysis","volume":"14","author":"ME Goldstein","year":"1987","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0070019","article-title":"Biomarker report from the phase II lamotrigine trial in secondary progressive MS\u2014neurofilament as a surrogate of disease progression","volume":"8","author":"S Gnanapavan","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2005.03.015","article-title":"Neurofilament phosphoforms: surrogate markers for axonal injury, degeneration and loss","volume":"233","author":"A Petzold","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of the neurological sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1159\/000351153","article-title":"Global epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review of the published literature","volume":"41","author":"A Chio","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2012.706303","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a hormonal condition?","volume":"13","author":"H Blasco","year":"2012","journal-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: official publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases"},{"issue":"9769","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61156-7","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"377","author":"MC Kiernan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12107","article-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: cell vulnerability or system vulnerability?","volume":"224","author":"K Talbot","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of anatomy"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref11","first-page":"925","article-title":"Quantitative evidence for neurofilament heavy subunit aggregation in motor neurons of spinal cords of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"38","author":"DM Mendonca","year":"2005","journal-title":"Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas \/ Sociedade Brasileira de Biofisica"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1602\/neurorx.1.2.189","article-title":"Biomarkers and surrogate markers: an FDA perspective","volume":"1","author":"R Katz","year":"2004","journal-title":"NeuroRx: the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","article-title":"Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/146608200300079536","article-title":"El Escorial revisited: revised criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"1","author":"BR Brooks","year":"2000","journal-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other motor neuron disorders: official publication of the World Federation of Neurology, Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.09.143","article-title":"Electrodiagnostic criteria for diagnosis of ALS","volume":"119","author":"M de Carvalho","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical neurophysiology: official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","article-title":"QUADAS-2: A Revised Tool for the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annals of Internal Medicine"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-135","article-title":"Estimating the sample mean and standard deviation from the sample size, median, range and\/or interquartile range","volume":"14","author":"X Wan","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC medical research methodology"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-5-13","article-title":"Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample","volume":"5","author":"SP Hozo","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC medical research methodology"},{"key":"ref19","author":"JPT Higgins","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"852","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000203120.85850.54","article-title":"Axonal damage markers in cerebrospinal fluid are increased in ALS","volume":"66","author":"J Brettschneider","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23600","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023600","article-title":"Soluble beta-amyloid precursor protein is related to disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"6","author":"P Steinacker","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2010.01.004","article-title":"A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay for the neurofilament heavy chain protein","volume":"220","author":"J Kuhle","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24552","article-title":"Neurofilament levels as biomarkers in asymptomatic and symptomatic familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"79","author":"P Weydt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annals of neurology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref24","first-page":"12","article-title":"Neurofilaments in the diagnosis of motoneuron diseases: a prospective study on 455 patients","volume":"87","author":"P Steinacker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3109\/17482968.2010.542002","article-title":"Neurofilament heavy subunit in cerebrospinal fluid: a biomarker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis?","volume":"12","author":"DM Mendonca","year":"2011","journal-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: official publication of the World Federation of Neurology Research Group on Motor Neuron Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-009-0131-z","article-title":"CSF neurofilament protein analysis in the differential diagnosis of ALS","volume":"256","author":"TS Reijn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of neurology"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.09.011","article-title":"Phosphoneurofilament heavy chain and N-glycomics from the cerebrospinal fluid in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"438","author":"M Goncalves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3109\/21678421.2014.884592","article-title":"Multicentre quality control evaluation of different biomarker candidates for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"15","author":"S Lehnert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis & frontotemporal degeneration"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2011.07224.x","article-title":"Combination of neurofilament heavy chain and complement C3 as CSF biomarkers for ALS","volume":"117","author":"J Ganesalingam","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of neurochemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2015.04.032","article-title":"Serial measurements of phosphorylated neurofilament-heavy in the serum of subjects with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"353","author":"PA McCombe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the neurological sciences"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2009.06386.x","article-title":"Immunoreactivity of the phosphorylated axonal neurofilament H subunit (pNF-H) in blood of ALS model rodents and ALS patients: evaluation of blood pNF-H as a potential ALS biomarker","volume":"111","author":"K Boylan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of neurochemistry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-303768","article-title":"Phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit (pNF-H) in peripheral blood and CSF as a potential prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"KB Boylan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2013","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67052013.x","article-title":"Patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and other neurodegenerative diseases have increased levels of neurofilament protein in CSF","volume":"67","author":"LE Rosengren","year":"1996","journal-title":"Journal of neurochemistry"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.01972.x","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light levels in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: impact of SOD1 genotype","volume":"14","author":"H Zetterberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"European journal of neurology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e75091","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075091","article-title":"Increased neurofilament light chain blood levels in neurodegenerative neurological diseases","volume":"8","author":"J Gaiottino","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"22","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001642","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain: A prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"CH Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2012.03777.x","article-title":"Elevated cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light levels in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a possible marker of disease severity and progression","volume":"19","author":"R Tortelli","year":"2012","journal-title":"European journal of neurology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(99)00210-5","article-title":"The ALSFRS-R: a revised ALS functional rating scale that incorporates assessments of respiratory function. BDNF ALS Study Group (Phase III)","volume":"169","author":"JM Cedarbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Journal of the neurological sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.12421","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain levels: marker of progression to generalized amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"22","author":"R Tortelli","year":"2015","journal-title":"European journal of neurology"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30060","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30060","article-title":"Efficacy of Statin Therapy in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","volume":"6","author":"M Rysz-Gorzynska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30780","DOI":"10.1038\/srep30780","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of nasal potential difference in hypoxia-induced lung injury","volume":"6","author":"Z Su","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scientific reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dadm.2015.11.001","article-title":"Discriminative and prognostic potential of cerebrospinal fluid phosphoTau\/tau ratio and neurofilaments for frontotemporal dementia subtypes","volume":"1","author":"YA Pijnenburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands)"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2014.00429","article-title":"Diffuse axonal injury in brain trauma: insights from alterations in neurofilaments","volume":"8","author":"DG Siedler","year":"2014","journal-title":"Frontiers in cellular neuroscience"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315406","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/315406","article-title":"Neurofilament proteins as body fluid biomarkers of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis","volume":"2011","author":"MM Gresle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Multiple sclerosis international"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2014-309827","article-title":"The prognostic value of CSF neurofilaments in multiple sclerosis at 15-year follow-up","volume":"86","author":"A Petzold","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2013.06.019","article-title":"Predictive value of phosphorylated axonal neurofilament subunit H for clinical outcome in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"424","author":"JY Cai","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.05.029","article-title":"CSF -neurofilament correlates with outcome after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage","volume":"404","author":"K Nylen","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroscience letters"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1038\/jcbfm.2008.12","article-title":"Detection of phosphorylated NF-H in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients. Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism: official journal of the","volume":"28","author":"SB Lewis","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(03)00189-3","article-title":"A specific ELISA for measuring neurofilament heavy chain phosphoforms","volume":"278","author":"A Petzold","year":"2003","journal-title":"Journal of immunological methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001986","article-title":"Neurofilament light chain: a prognostic biomarker in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis","volume":"85","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.08.252","article-title":"Hyperphosphorylated neurofilament NF-H is a serum biomarker of axonal injury","volume":"336","author":"G Shaw","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemical and biophysical research communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(94)90011-6","article-title":"A sensitive ELISA for glial fibrillary acidic protein: application in CSF of adults","volume":"51","author":"LE Rosengren","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2010.11.026","article-title":"A method to solubilise protein aggregates for immunoassay quantification which overcomes the neurofilament &quot;hook&quot; effect","volume":"195","author":"CH Lu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of neuroscience methods"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0164625","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T18:12:06Z","timestamp":1718820726000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0164625"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Weidong","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0164625","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,12]]}}}