{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T20:27:30Z","timestamp":1778790450487,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015056","name":"Government of Tanzania","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015056","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T19:56:05Z","timestamp":1481313365000},"page":"e0167122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Schistosoma mansoni Infections, Undernutrition and Anaemia among Primary Schoolchildren in Two Onshore Villages in Rorya District, North-Western Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8437-7988","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David Zadock","family":"Munisi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joram","family":"Buza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emmanuel A.","family":"Mpolya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Safari M.","family":"Kinung\u2019hi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/131.2.649S","article-title":"A review of studies on the effect of iron deficiency on cognitive development in children","volume":"131","author":"S Grantham-McGregor","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of nutrition"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","author":"C Nokes","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1177\/156482651003100303","article-title":"The nutritional status of school-aged children: why should we care?","volume":"31","author":"C Best","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food and nutrition bulletin"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"WHO (2008) Worldwide prevalence of anaemia 1993\u20132005: WHO global database on anaemia. 1\u201312."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"729","article-title":"Anthropometric growth pattern in Ethiopian infants and children: an evaluation based on different international growth references","volume":"33","author":"GF De Stefano","year":"2009","journal-title":"Collegium antropologicum"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"Leach V, Kilama B (2009) Institutional analysis of nutrition in Tanzania. Research on Poverty Alleviation. 1\u201336 p."},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"15","article-title":"Soil transmitted helminths infections, malnutrition and anaemia among primary school children in northern Tanzania","volume":"5","author":"DZ Munisi","year":"2014","journal-title":"IMTU Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-763","article-title":"Schistosoma mansoni infection and undernutrition among school age children in Fincha\u2019a sugar estate, rural part of West Ethiopia","volume":"7","author":"Z Mekonnen","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC research notes"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"284","article-title":"Investing in health: the 1993 World Development Report of the World Bank","volume":"27","author":"P Musgrove","year":"1993","journal-title":"Bulletin-Pan American Health Organization"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"1","article-title":"Patterns of geohelminth infection, impact of albendazole treatment and re-infection after treatment in schoolchildren from rural KwaZulu-Natal\/South-Africa","volume":"4","author":"E Saathoff","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1590\/S0074-02762001000800008","article-title":"Prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the city of Portoviejo (Ecuador)","volume":"96","author":"C Andrade","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mem\u00f3rias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X1999000200026","article-title":"Anemia and intestinal parasitic infections in primary school students in Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil","volume":"15","author":"R Tsuyuoka","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cadernos de Sa\u00fade p\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v10i4.45074","article-title":"Risk factors for anaemia in schoolchildren in Tanga Region, Tanzania","volume":"10","author":"S Tatala","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"365","article-title":"Intestinal parasites in relation to haemoglobin level and nutritional status of school children in Gaza","volume":"30","author":"M Shubair","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0004193","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004193","article-title":"Influence of Schistosoma mansoni and Hookworm Infection Intensities on Anaemia in Ugandan Villages","volume":"9","author":"GF Chami","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Impact of urinary schistosomiasis on nutritional status of school children in south-eastern Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"J Uneke","year":"2009","journal-title":"Internet J Health"},{"key":"ref17","first-page":"150","article-title":"Gender differences in growth of school-aged children with schistosomiasis and geohelminth infection","author":"IM Parraga","year":"1996"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0642","article-title":"Modeling the effect of chronic schistosomiasis on childhood development and the potential for catch-up growth with different drug treatment strategies promoted for control of endemic schistosomiasis","volume":"84","author":"D Gurarie","year":"2011","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/07399332.2014.915843","article-title":"Women&apos;s Health in Women&apos;s Hands: A Pilot Study Assessing the Feasibility of Providing Women With Medications to Reduce Postpartum Hemorrhage and Sepsis in Rural Tanzania.","volume":"35","author":"GC Webber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Health care for women international"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"TDS (2013) Mara Regional Profile. 110\u2013111 p."},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Essential Medical Statistics","author":"B Kirkwood","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(03)80044-5","article-title":"Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel treatment in a highly endemic Schistosoma mansoni focus at Lake Albert, Uganda","volume":"97","author":"N Kabatereine","year":"2003","journal-title":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"397","article-title":"A simple device for quantitative stool thick-smear technique in Schistosomiasis mansoni","volume":"14","author":"N Katz","year":"1972","journal-title":"Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de S\u00e3o Paulo"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"25","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref25","unstructured":"WHO (2002) Prevention and control of schistosomiasis and soil-transmittedhelminthiasis: report of a WHO expert committee. 1\u201357 p."},{"key":"ref26","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"673","article-title":"Use of body mass index of adults in assessing individual and community nutritional status","volume":"73","author":"K Bailey","year":"1995","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/32.3.526","article-title":"Evaluation of&quot; HemoCue,&quot; a new device for determining hemoglobin","volume":"32","author":"H Von Schenck","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clinical chemistry"},{"key":"ref29","first-page":"17","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref30","article-title":"Medical Laboratory Manual for Tropical Countries","volume":"1","author":"M Cheesbrough","year":"1987"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"52","author":"M de Onis","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.13-0438","article-title":"Enteric Parasites and Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in Children from Canazas County, Veraguas Province, Panama","volume":"91","author":"EJ Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2125","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0002125","article-title":"&quot;Barriers&quot; to Child Development and Human Potential: The Case for Including the &quot;Neglected Enteric Protozoa&quot; (NEP) and Other Enteropathy-Associated Pathogens in the NTDs","volume":"7","author":"LA Bartelt","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS neglected tropical diseases"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.4314\/tmj.v19i1.39197","article-title":"Magnitude of thinness, underweight and stunting among school age children in Mpwapwa rural district, central Tanzania","volume":"19","author":"A Hussein","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tanzania Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00808133","article-title":"Managing food shortages in Central Tanzania","volume":"30","author":"D Schmied","year":"1993","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"40","article-title":"The Citizen","author":"H Tesha","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref37","author":"B Thompson","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/S0035-9203(99)90349-8","article-title":"Patterns of concurrent hookworm infection and schistosomiasis in schoolchildren in Tanzania","volume":"93","author":"N Lwambo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/63.6.966","article-title":"Risk factors for wasting and stunting among children in Metro Cebu, Philippines","volume":"63","author":"JA Ricci","year":"1996","journal-title":"The American journal of clinical nutrition"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1714-5","article-title":"Undernutrition and associated risk factors among school age children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"D Degarege","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105880","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105880","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of malnutrition and associated factors among school aged children in rural and urban settings of Fogera and Libo Kemkem districts, Ethiopia","volume":"9","author":"Z Herrador","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1490-2","article-title":"Age-related factors influencing the occurrence of undernutrition in northeastern Ethiopia","volume":"15","author":"A Degarege","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"581","article-title":"The silent burden of anaemia in Tanzanian children: a community-based study","volume":"81","author":"D Schellenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Tanzania: Demographic and Health Survey, 2004\u20132005: Preliminary Report","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1932-x","article-title":"Malaria, anaemia and nutritional status among schoolchildren in relation to ecosystems, livelihoods and health systems in Kilosa District in central Tanzania","volume":"15","author":"LE Mboera","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v12i2.56399","article-title":"Anaemia and organomegaly associated with parasitic infections among schoolchildren in Sengerema District, north-western Tanzania","volume":"12","author":"H Mazigo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tanzania Journal of Health Research"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e86510","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086510","article-title":"Malaria and helminth co-infections in school and preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Magu district, north-western Tanzania","volume":"9","author":"SM Kinung'hi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.15-0073","article-title":"Determinants of Anemia and Hemoglobin Concentration in Haitian School-Aged Children","volume":"93","author":"LL Iannotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"2209","article-title":"Prevalence of Anemia in Iranian Children: Findings of a Clinical Screening Survey at School Entry","volume":"31","author":"M Jari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Isfahan Medical School"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"663","article-title":"Epidemiology of iron-deficiency anemia among primary school children (6\u201311 years), Menoufia governorate, Egypt","volume":"28","author":"GM Abdel-Rasoul","year":"2015","journal-title":"Menoufia Medical Journal"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"69","article-title":"Prevalence of intestinal helminths, anemia, and malnutrition in Paucartambo, Peru","volume":"37","author":"MM Cabada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Revista Panamericana de Salud P\u00fablica"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878-015-0033-5","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with severe anaemia amongst under-five children hospitalized at Bugando Medical Centre, Mwanza, Tanzania","volume":"15","author":"RH Simbauranga","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC hematology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167122","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,27]],"date-time":"2020-09-27T21:29:09Z","timestamp":1601242149000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167122"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julie","family":"Gutman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167122","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]}}}