{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T13:56:41Z","timestamp":1790776601675,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000057","name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U01GM087728"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U01GM087728"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000057","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]],"date-time":"2016-12-12T18:14:10Z","timestamp":1481566450000},"page":"e0167160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["The Effect of Contact Investigations and Public Health Interventions in the Control and Prevention of Measles Transmission: A Simulation Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Wayne T. A.","family":"Enanoria","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fengchen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Zipprich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Harriman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Ackley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seth","family":"Blumberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lee","family":"Worden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Travis C.","family":"Porco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S43","DOI":"10.1086\/377696","article-title":"Summary and conclusions: measles elimination meeting, 16\u201317 March 2000","volume":"189","author":"SL Katz","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1086\/377693","article-title":"Measles elimination in the United States","volume":"189","author":"WA Orenstein","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref3","first-page":"666","article-title":"Prevention. Measles: United States, January\u2014May 20, 2011","volume":"60","year":"2011","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref4","first-page":"153","article-title":"Measles outbreak\u2014California, December 2014-February 2015","volume":"64","author":"J Zipprich","year":"2015","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Assessing Measles Transmission in the United States Following a Large Outbreak in California","volume":"7","author":"S Blumberg","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Curr"},{"issue":"RR-8","key":"ref6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measles, mumps, and rubella\u2014vaccine use and strategies for elimination of measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome and control of mumps: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP)","volume":"47","author":"JC Watson","year":"1998","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2008.00182.x","article-title":"Measles quarantine\u2014the individual and the public","volume":"15","author":"C Vogel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Travel Med"},{"issue":"RR-15","key":"ref8","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for the investigation of contacts of persons with infectious tuberculosis. Recommendations from the National Tuberculosis Controllers Association and CDC","volume":"54","author":"A National Tuberculosis Controllers","year":"2005","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"ref9","author":"F Fenner","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","first-page":"167","article-title":"Contact investigation of male West Indian patients with gonorrhea","volume":"42","author":"RR Willcox","year":"1966","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3563","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720240025029","article-title":"Contact tracing to identify human immunodeficiency virus infection in a rural community","volume":"259","author":"RF Wykoff","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1097\/01.olq.0000153574.38764.0e","article-title":"Case-finding effectiveness of partner notification and cluster investigation for sexually transmitted diseases\/HIV","volume":"32","author":"DD Brewer","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008722","article-title":"Effectiveness of control measures during the SARS epidemic in Beijing: a comparison of the Rt curve and the epidemic curve","volume":"136","author":"BJ Cowling","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"9371","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13410-1","article-title":"Epidemiological determinants of spread of causal agent of severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong","volume":"361","author":"CA Donnelly","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref15","first-page":"105","article-title":"Assessment of in-flight transmission of SARS\u2014results of contact tracing, Canada","volume":"29","author":"J Flint","year":"2003","journal-title":"Can Commun Dis Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2005.10.005","article-title":"Public health measures implemented during the SARS outbreak in Singapore, 2003","volume":"120","author":"L James","year":"2006","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-5564(99)00061-9","article-title":"Contact tracing in stochastic and deterministic epidemic models","volume":"164","author":"J Muller","year":"2000","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952381","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/952381","article-title":"Conflicts of interest during contact investigations: a game-theoretic analysis","volume":"2014","author":"N Sippl-Swezey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-34","article-title":"Logistics of community smallpox control through contact tracing and ring vaccination: a stochastic network model","volume":"4","author":"TC Porco","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-141","article-title":"Assessing the role of contact tracing in a suspected H7N2 influenza A outbreak in humans in Wales","volume":"10","author":"KT Eames","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-2512","article-title":"The cost of containing one case of measles: the economic impact on the public health infrastructure\u2014Iowa, 2004","volume":"116","author":"GH Dayan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-015-1766-6","article-title":"The role of vaccination coverage, individual behaviors, and the public health response in the control of measles epidemics: an agent-based simulation for California","volume":"15","author":"F Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-940","article-title":"FRED (a Framework for Reconstructing Epidemic Dynamics): an open-source software system for modeling infectious diseases and control strategies using census-based populations","volume":"13","author":"JJ Grefenstette","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1086\/345722","article-title":"Zanamivir prophylaxis: an effective strategy for the prevention of influenza types A and B within households","volume":"186","author":"AS Monto","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi053","article-title":"Strategy for distribution of influenza vaccine to high-risk groups and children","volume":"161","author":"IM Longini Jr.","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706849105","article-title":"Modeling targeted layered containment of an influenza pandemic in the United States","volume":"105","author":"ME Halloran","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"5953","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1177373","article-title":"The transmissibility and control of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus","volume":"326","author":"Y Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.5.e59","article-title":"Increased susceptibility to measles in infants in the United States","volume":"104","author":"M Papania","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwu068","article-title":"Identifying postelimination trends for the introduction and transmissibility of measles in the United States","volume":"179","author":"S Blumberg","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1086\/522866","article-title":"Seroprevalence of measles antibody in the US population, 1999\u20132004","volume":"196","author":"GM McQuillan","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1093\/imammb\/1.2.169","article-title":"An age-structured model of pre- and post-vaccination measles transmission","volume":"1","author":"D Schenzle","year":"1984","journal-title":"IMA J Math Appl Med Biol"},{"issue":"4536","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7063839","article-title":"Directly transmitted infections diseases: control by vaccination","volume":"215","author":"RM Anderson","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70069-6","article-title":"Incubation periods of acute respiratory viral infections: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"J Lessler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2009.10.001","article-title":"Epidemic modelling: aspects where stochasticity matters","volume":"222","author":"T Britton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Math Biosci"},{"issue":"36","key":"ref35","first-page":"733","article-title":"National, state, and local area vaccination coverage among children aged 19\u201335 months\u2014United States, 2012","volume":"62","year":"2013","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"California Department of Public Health. Vaccine-preventable diseases and immunization coverage in California, 2001\u20132006. 2006."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 12 edition, second printing. Washington, D.C.: 2012."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S133","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jir102","article-title":"Field effectiveness of live attenuated measles-containing vaccines: a review of published literature","volume":"204","author":"A Uzicanin","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref39","first-page":"CD004407","article-title":"Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children","author":"V Demicheli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref40","first-page":"CD010056","article-title":"Post-exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles","author":"MK Young","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101518","article-title":"Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. Xi. The Use of Concentrated Normal Human Serum Gamma Globulin (Human Immune Serum Globulin) in the Prophylaxis and Treatment of Measles","volume":"23","author":"J Stokes","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI101519","article-title":"Chemical, Clinical, and Immunological Studies on the Products of Human Plasma Fractionation. Xii. The Use of Concentrated Normal Human Serum Gamma Globulin (Human Immune Serum Globulin) in the Prevention and Attenuation of Measles","volume":"23","author":"CW Ordman","year":"1944","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"86","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20121018","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2012.1018","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis of infectious disease models: methods, advances and their application","volume":"10","author":"J Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.2307\/1403510","article-title":"Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis of complex -models of disease transmission\u2014an HIV model, as an example","volume":"62","author":"SM Blower","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int Stat Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.4342","article-title":"Elimination of endemic measles, rubella, and congenital rubella syndrome from the Western hemisphere: the US experience","volume":"168","author":"MJ Papania","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"29","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2008.0271","article-title":"The effect of opinion clustering on disease outbreaks","volume":"5","author":"M Salathe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J R Soc Interface"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1086\/656914","article-title":"Measles in the United States during the postelimination era","volume":"202","author":"AP Fiebelkorn","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116937","article-title":"Outbreaks in highly vaccinated populations: implications for studies of vaccine performance","volume":"139","author":"PE Fine","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000721","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1000721","article-title":"The impact of contact tracing in clustered populations","volume":"6","author":"T House","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-8-50","article-title":"An agent-based approach for modeling dynamics of contagious disease spread","volume":"8","author":"L Perez","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Health Geogr"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807009156","article-title":"Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience","volume":"136","author":"DL Reynolds","year":"2008","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,22]],"date-time":"2018-10-22T22:46:04Z","timestamp":1540248364000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167160"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Chris T.","family":"Bauch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167160","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,12]]}}}