{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T20:50:08Z","timestamp":1790110208504,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1480377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004616","name":"Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PNII-ID-PCCE-2011-2-0045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PNII-ID-PCCE-2011-2-0045"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004616","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167299","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]],"date-time":"2016-11-29T18:35:31Z","timestamp":1480444531000},"page":"e0167299","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Individual Differences in Emotion Regulation, Childhood Trauma and Proneness to Shame and Guilt in Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Aurora","family":"Szent\u00e1gotai-T\u0103tar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrei C.","family":"Miu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"446","article-title":"Handbook of self and identity","author":"JP Tangney","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0137-z","article-title":"Small or big in the eyes of the other: On the developmental psychopathology of self-conscious emotions as shame, guilt, and pride","volume":"17","author":"P Muris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(96)00034-4","article-title":"Conceptual and methodological issues in the assessment of shame and guilt","volume":"34","author":"JP Tangney","year":"1996","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022641","article-title":"Introducing the GASP Scale: A new measure of guilt and shame proneness","volume":"100","author":"TR Cohen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2012.06.021","article-title":"Guilt, empathy, and apology","volume":"53","author":"AJ Howell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1037\/a0011991","article-title":"Not so ugly after all: When shame acts as a commitment device","volume":"95","author":"IE de Hooge","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s11031-015-9513-y","article-title":"Resolving the paradox of shame: Differentiating among specific appraisal-feeling combinations explains pro-social and self-defensive motivation","volume":"40","author":"N Gausel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Motiv Emotion"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1037\/a0033904","article-title":"Do guilt- and shame-proneness differentially predict prosocial, aggressive, and withdrawn behaviors during early adolescence?","volume":"50","author":"S Roos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038235","article-title":"Shame and the motivation to change the self","volume":"14","author":"B Lickel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Emotion"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930341000077","article-title":"Morality- and identity-related antecedents of children&apos;s guilt and shame attributions in events involving physical illness","volume":"18","author":"T Olthof","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrp.2009.12.005","article-title":"Shaming, blaming, and maiming: Functional links among the moral emotions, externalization of blame, and aggression","volume":"44","author":"J Stuewig","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Res Pers"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1007\/s10826-006-9130-1","article-title":"What do mothers make adolescents feel guilty about? Incidents, reactions, and relation to depression","volume":"16","author":"J-AL Donatelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Child Fam Stud"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/ejpt.v6.25863","article-title":"The relationship between trauma, shame, and guilt: Findings from a community-based study of refugee minors in Germany","volume":"6","author":"SJ Stotz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Psychotraumatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-011-9591-6","article-title":"Inappropriate and excessive guilt: instrument validation and developmental differences in relation to depression","volume":"40","author":"C Tilghman-Osborne","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dr.2004.08.001","article-title":"Taking stock of the developmental literature on shame","volume":"25","author":"RSL Mills","year":"2005","journal-title":"Dev Rev"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.737","article-title":"The association between shame and substance use in young people: a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"M Rahim","year":"2015","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.56.091103.070145","article-title":"Moral emotions and moral behavior","volume":"58","author":"JP Tangney","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref18","first-page":"319","article-title":"Context effects and the (mal)adaptive nature of guilt and shame in children","volume":"126","author":"TJ Ferguson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Genet Soc Gen Psychol Monogr"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2007.09.003","article-title":"Shame, guilt, symptoms of depression, and reported history of psychological maltreatment","volume":"31","author":"M Webb","year":"2007","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327965pli1502_01","article-title":"Putting the self into self-conscious emotions: A theoretical model","volume":"15","author":"JL Tracy","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychol Inq"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2010.491303","article-title":"Children&apos;s and adolescents&apos; narratives of guilt: Antecedents and mentalization","volume":"8","author":"IG Gavazzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"91","article-title":"The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research","author":"KH Lagattuta","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"134","article-title":"The self-conscious emotions: Theory and research","author":"M Lewis","year":"2007"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1037\/a0021342","article-title":"Tracking the trajectory of shame, guilt, and pride across the life span","volume":"99","author":"U Orth","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","first-page":"321","article-title":"Developmental changes in adolescents&apos; guilt and shame: The role of family climate and gender","volume":"8","author":"JL Walter","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Am J Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559510379634","article-title":"Neglected children, shame-proneness, and depressive symptoms","volume":"15","author":"DS Bennett","year":"2010","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1002\/cpp.331","article-title":"Internalized shame and early interactions characterized by indifference, abandonment and rejection: Replicated findings","volume":"9","author":"K Claesson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Psychot"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559505279308","article-title":"The relation of child maltreatment to shame and guilt among adolescents: Psychological routes to depression and delinquency","volume":"10","author":"J Stuewig","year":"2005","journal-title":"Child Maltreat"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134716","article-title":"Shame and guilt-proneness in adolescents: Gene-environment interactions","volume":"10","author":"A Szentagotai-Tatar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1857","DOI":"10.2307\/1131736","article-title":"Differences in pride and shame in maltreated and nonmaltreated preschoolers","volume":"67","author":"SM Alessandri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-9536(88)90397-8","article-title":"Disclosure of traumas and psychosomatic processes","volume":"26","author":"JW Pennebaker","year":"1988","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015156","article-title":"Beyond simple models of self-control to circuit-based accounts of adolescent behavior","volume":"66","author":"BJ Casey","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739","article-title":"Emotion regulation and psychopathology","volume":"11","author":"G Sheppes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2004.12.009","article-title":"Specificity of relations between adolescents&apos; cognitive emotion regulation strategies and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology","volume":"28","author":"N Garnefski","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Adolescence"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-011-9220-2","article-title":"Emotional functioning in children and adolescents with elevated depressive symptoms","volume":"33","author":"EK Hughes","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-009-9154-0","article-title":"The Emotion Regulation Index for Children and Adolescents (ERICA): A psychometric investigation","volume":"32","author":"ST MacDermott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(00)00113-6","article-title":"Negative life events, cognitive emotion regulation and emotional problems","volume":"30","author":"N Garnefski","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pers Indiv Differ"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412950664.n388","article-title":"Shame and guilt","author":"JP Tangney","year":"2002"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2014.09.026","article-title":"Emotional non-acceptance links early life stress and blunted cortisol reactivity to social threat","volume":"51","author":"M Carnuta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","first-page":"111","article-title":"The standardization of the Cognitive Emotional Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) on Romanian population","volume":"15","author":"A Perte","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cognition, Brain, Behavior An Interdisciplinary Journal"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"The Test of Self-Conscious Affect for Adolescents (TOSCA-A)","author":"JP Tangney","year":"1991"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Manual pentru Scalele de Depresie, Anxietate \u015fi Stres\u2014DASS","author":"A Perte","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref43","article-title":"Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales","author":"SH Lovibond","year":"1995"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2009.05.014","article-title":"The short version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): Factor structure in a young adolescent sample","volume":"33","author":"M Szabo","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(96)00068-X","article-title":"Psychometric properties of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) in clinical samples","volume":"35","author":"TA Brown","year":"1997","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013021","article-title":"Multiple regression and correlation techniques: Recent controversies and best practices","volume":"53","author":"WT Hoyt","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rehabil Psychol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ps.46.020195.003021","article-title":"Multiple hypothesis-testing","volume":"46","author":"JP Shaffer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2005.06.004","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation in the prediction of depression, anxiety, stress, and anger","volume":"39","author":"RC Martin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-006-0562-3","article-title":"Cognitive emotion regulation strategies and emotional problems in 9\u201311-year-old children: The development of an instrument","volume":"16","author":"N Garnefski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013589","article-title":"Prospective effects of emotion-regulation skills on emotional adjustment","volume":"55","author":"M Berking","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Couns Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027930","article-title":"Gender differences in self-conscious emotional experience: A meta-analysis","volume":"138","author":"NM Else-Quest","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/S0191-8869(01)00198-2","article-title":"Characterizing stress tolerance: \u201cControllability awareness\u201d and its relationship to perceived stress and reported health","volume":"33","author":"JT Heth","year":"2002","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1159\/000330002","article-title":"Evaluating childhood adversity","volume":"32","author":"H Thabrew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Psychosom Med"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2013.02.022","article-title":"Desirable responding mediates the relationship between emotion regulation and anxiety","volume":"55","author":"JE Arndt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.06.030","article-title":"For better or for worse: Neural systems supporting the cognitive down- and up-regulation of negative emotion","volume":"23","author":"KN Ochsner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PSY.0000097338.75454.29","article-title":"Immunological effects of induced shame and guilt","volume":"66","author":"SS Dickerson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171151","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,25]],"date-time":"2017-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485302400000}}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167299","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T08:52:16Z","timestamp":1589014336000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167299"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Christian","family":"Schmahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167299","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171151","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,29]]}}}