{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T19:07:46Z","timestamp":1792091266705,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T22:07:44Z","timestamp":1481321264000},"page":"e0167621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Preoperative CSF Melatonin Concentrations and the Occurrence of Delirium in Older Hip Fracture Patients: A Preliminary Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Rikie M.","family":"Scholtens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia E. J. A.","family":"de Rooij","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies E.","family":"Vellekoop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bart C.","family":"Vrouenraets","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara C.","family":"van Munster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9920","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60688-1","article-title":"Delirium in elderly people","volume":"383","author":"SK Inouye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1159\/000017177","article-title":"Predisposing and precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized older patients","volume":"10","author":"SK Inouye","year":"1999","journal-title":"Dementia and geriatric cognitive disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31814b2c4d","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for development of delirium in surgical and trauma intensive care unit patients","volume":"65","author":"P Pandharipande","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1013","article-title":"Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis","volume":"304","author":"J Witlox","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV-TR)","year":"2000"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2013.09.005","article-title":"Neuropathogenesis of delirium: review of current etiologic theories and common pathways","volume":"21","author":"JR Maldonado","year":"2013","journal-title":"The American journal of geriatric psychiatry: official journal of the American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2013.06.032","article-title":"Delirium: A disturbance of circadian integrity?","volume":"81","author":"JM Fitzgerald","year":"2013","journal-title":"Medical Hypothesis"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701163360306","article-title":"Melatonin in humans","volume":"336","author":"A Brzezinski","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.1.8585","article-title":"Melatonin enters the cerebrospinal fluid through the pineal recess","volume":"143","author":"H Tricoire","year":"2002","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.2174\/157015910792246182","article-title":"Significance of high levels of endogenous melatonin in Mammalian cerebrospinal fluid and in the central nervous system","volume":"8","author":"DX Tan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1111\/jne.12134","article-title":"Melatonin from cerebrospinal fluid but not from blood reaches sheep cerebral tissues under physiological conditions","volume":"26","author":"C Legros","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"9237","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02795-1","article-title":"Melatonin secretion after surgery","volume":"356","author":"AJ Cronin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1081\/CBI-120015958","article-title":"Aging and the circadian rhythm of melatonin: a cross-sectional study of Chinese subjects 30\u2013110 yr of age","volume":"19","author":"ZY Zhao","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chronobiol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00510-6","article-title":"Melatonin secretion rhythm disorders in patients with senile dementia of Alzheimer's type with disturbed sleep-waking","volume":"45","author":"K Mishima","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2016.05.005","article-title":"Physiological melatonin levels in healthy older people: A systematic review","volume":"86","author":"RM Scholtens","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of psychosomatic research"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2015.09.007","article-title":"The diurnal profile of melatonin during delirium in elderly patients-preliminary results","volume":"72","author":"K Piotrowicz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(01)00761-9","article-title":"Postoperative delirium and melatonin levels in elderly patients","volume":"182","author":"H Shigeta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"Cd005563","article-title":"Interventions for preventing delirium in hospitalised non-ICU patients","volume":"3","author":"N Siddiqi","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-079X.2003.00065.x","article-title":"Early neuropathological Alzheimer's changes in aged individuals are accompanied by decreased cerebrospinal fluid melatonin levels","volume":"35","author":"JN Zhou","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","first-page":"323","article-title":"Decreased melatonin levels in postmortem cerebrospinal fluid in relation to aging, Alzheimer's disease, and apolipoprotein E-epsilon4\/4 genotype","volume":"84","author":"RY Liu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14575","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms140714575","article-title":"Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"14","author":"L Lin","year":"2013","journal-title":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600603","article-title":"Endogenous melatonin increases in cerebrospinal fluid of patients after severe traumatic brain injury and correlates with oxidative stress and metabolic disarray","volume":"28","author":"MA Seifman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1111\/sbr.12039","article-title":"Sleep deprivation in humans: Effects on melatonin in cerebrospinal fluid and serum","volume":"12","author":"JM Bumb","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sleep and Biological Rhythms"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2015.11.018","article-title":"CSF generation by pineal gland results in a robust melatonin circadian rhythm in the third ventricle as an unique light\/dark signal","volume":"86","author":"DX Tan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1983.tb03391.x","article-title":"Assessing self-maintenance: activities of daily living, mobility, and instrumental activities of daily living","volume":"31","author":"S Katz","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1017\/S1041610204000390","article-title":"The Informant Questionnaire on cognitive decline in the elderly (IQCODE): a review","volume":"16","author":"AF Jorm","year":"2004","journal-title":"International psychogeriatrics \/ IPA"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.12635","article-title":"Validation of the Charlson Comorbidity Index in acutely hospitalized elderly adults: a prospective cohort study","volume":"62","author":"WJ Frenkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1891\/rtnp.17.1.31.53169","article-title":"The Delirium Observation Screening Scale: a screening instrument for delirium","volume":"17","author":"MJ Schuurmans","year":"2003","journal-title":"Research and theory for nursing practice"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2014.07.014","article-title":"Changing perspectives on delirium care: the new Dutch guideline on delirium","volume":"77","author":"AF Leentjens","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of psychosomatic research"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.4441","article-title":"Psychometric properties and feasibility of instruments for the detection of delirium in older hospitalized patients: a systematic review","volume":"31","author":"EL van Velthuijsen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2580","article-title":"Validation of the delirium observation screening scale in a hospitalized older population","volume":"11","author":"K Gavinski","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of hospital medicine"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2004-830130","article-title":"Endoscopic selective sampling of human ventricular CSF: a new perspective","volume":"47","author":"P Longatti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Minim Invasive Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00391.x","article-title":"Ventricular cerebrospinal fluid melatonin concentrations investigated with an endoscopic technique","volume":"42","author":"P Longatti","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00168-X","article-title":"Determination of free and total (free plus protein-bound) melatonin in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection","volume":"774","author":"V Rizzo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of chromatography B, Analytical technologies in the biomedical and life sciences"},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020050208","article-title":"Serum and cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of melatonin: a pilot study in healthy male volunteers","volume":"106","author":"A Rousseau","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.12.008","article-title":"Melatonin is released in the third ventricle in humans. A study in movement disorders","volume":"469","author":"J Leston","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E547","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.140495","article-title":"Effect of melatonin on incidence of delirium among patients with hip fracture: a multicentre, double-blind randomized controlled trial","volume":"186","author":"A de Jonghe","year":"2014","journal-title":"CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.2526","article-title":"Assessing severity of delirium by the Delirium Observation Screening Scale","volume":"26","author":"AC Scheffer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167621","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T01:22:00Z","timestamp":1540257720000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167621"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Terence J","family":"Quinn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167621","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]}}}