{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T01:01:33Z","timestamp":1768438893697,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1484611200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000139","name":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NJAES-17111"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJAES-17111"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NJAES-17160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NJAES-17160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI076342"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI076342"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AI097137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AI097137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000861","name":"Burroughs Wellcome Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000861","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Lyme Research Alliance"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013479","name":"Bay Area Lyme Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Rutgers University Start Up"},{"name":"Rutgers Ecology and Evolution, Academic Excellence Award"},{"name":"Hutcheson Memorial Forest Research Grant"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0167810","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]],"date-time":"2017-01-17T19:19:59Z","timestamp":1484680799000},"page":"e0167810","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Influences of Host Community Characteristics on Borrelia burgdorferi Infection Prevalence in Blacklegged Ticks"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2071-402X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Holly B.","family":"Vuong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace S.","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter E.","family":"Smouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dina M.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dustin","family":"Brisson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter J.","family":"Morin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard S.","family":"Ostfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e25275","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0025275","article-title":"Identifying Hendra virus diversity in Pteropid bats","volume":"6","author":"I Smith","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.62.081307.163005","article-title":"Global spread and persistence of dengue","volume":"62","author":"JL Kyle","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1188836","article-title":"Host phylogeny constrains cross-species emergence and establishment of rabies virus in bats","volume":"329","author":"DG Streicker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.virusres.2011.05.016","article-title":"The community ecology of barley\/cereal yellow dwarf viruses in Western US grasslands","volume":"159","author":"AG Power","year":"2011","journal-title":"Virus Res"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5461","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0005461","article-title":"Experimental evidence for reduced rodent diversity causing increased Hantavirus prevalence","volume":"4","author":"G Suz\u00e1n","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pt.2009.02.004","article-title":"Environment can alter selection in host-parasite interactions","volume":"25","author":"J Wolinska","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Parasitol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1461-0248.2005.00879.x","article-title":"Seasonality and the dynamics of infectious diseases","volume":"9","author":"S Altizer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3059.2002.00683.x","article-title":"Evolution of gene-for-gene systems in metapopulations: the effect of spatial scale of host and pathogen dispersal","volume":"51","author":"PH Thrall","year":"2002","journal-title":"Plant Pathol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.018","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> RST1 (OspC type A) genotype is associated with greater inflammation and more severe Lyme disease","volume":"178","author":"K Strle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000034","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1000034","article-title":"The influence of host and bacterial genotype on the development of disseminated disease with <italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/italic>","volume":"4","author":"M Caws","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1561","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/172.6.1561","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> comprises three clonal lineages: correlation of parasite genotype with human disease","volume":"172","author":"DK Howe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12672","article-title":"<italic>Helicobacter pylori<\/italic> genetic diversity and risk of human disease","volume":"107","author":"MJ Blaser","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7043737","article-title":"Lyme disease-a tick-borne spirochetosis?","volume":"216","author":"W Burgdorfer","year":"1982","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1985.34.355","article-title":"Mice as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete","volume":"34","author":"JF Levine","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1451","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.Supplement_6.S1451","article-title":"Epizootiology of <italic>Borrelia<\/italic> in <italic>Ixodes<\/italic> tick vectors and reservoir hosts","volume":"11","author":"JF Anderson","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0233733100","article-title":"The ecology of infectious disease: Effects of host diversity and community composition on Lyme disease risk","volume":"100","author":"K LoGiudice","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2007.1208","article-title":"Conspicuous impacts of inconspicuous hosts on the Lyme disease epidemic","volume":"275","author":"D Brisson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc R Soc B-Biological Sci"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3911","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2009.1159","article-title":"Hosts as ecological traps for the vector of Lyme disease","volume":"276","author":"F Keesing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e85640","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085640","article-title":"Geography, deer, and host biodiversity shape the pattern of Lyme disease emergence in the Thousand Islands Archipelago of Ontario, Canada","volume":"9","author":"L Werden","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1644\/1545-1542(2000)081<0512:LLCOSM>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Landscape-level correlates of small-mammal assemblages in forest fragments of farmland","volume":"81","author":"TE Nupp","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Mammal"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1890\/02-3125","article-title":"Community diassembly, biodiversity loss, and the erosion of an ecosystem service","volume":"84","author":"RS Ostfeld","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2000.99014.x","article-title":"Biodiversity and disease risk: the case of Lyme disease","volume":"14","author":"RS Ostfeld","year":"2000","journal-title":"Conserv Biol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1890\/07-1047.1","article-title":"Impact of host community composition on Lyme disease risk","volume":"89","author":"K LoGiudice","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1739.2003.01260.x","article-title":"Effect of forest fragmentation on Lyme disease risk","volume":"17","author":"BF Allan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Conserv Biol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.806","article-title":"The propensity of different <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto<\/italic> genotypes to cause disseminated infections in humans","volume":"78","author":"DE Dykhuizen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1204.051016","article-title":"Epidemic spread of Lyme borreliosis, northeastern United States","volume":"12","author":"K Hanincov\u00e1","year":"2006","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2013.12.011","article-title":"Occurrence and transmission efficiencies of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi ospC<\/italic> types in avian and mammalian wildlife","volume":"27","author":"HB Vuong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0149345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0149345","article-title":"Evidence for host-genotype associations of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto<\/italic>","volume":"11","author":"S Mechai","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00153","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00153-10","article-title":"Evolution and distribution of the <italic>ospC<\/italic> gene, a transferable serotype determinant of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>","volume":"1","author":"AG Barbour","year":"2010","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/151.1.15","article-title":"Genetic diversity of <italic>ospC<\/italic> in a local population of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto<\/italic>","volume":"151","author":"I-N Wang","year":"1999","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1606.090329","article-title":"Evolution of northeastern and midwestern <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, United States","volume":"16","author":"D Brisson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1086\/592279","article-title":"<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> genotype predicts the capacity for hematogenous dissemination during early Lyme disease","volume":"198","author":"GP Wormser","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3518","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.67.7.3518-3524.1999","article-title":"Four clones of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto<\/italic> cause invasive infection in humans","volume":"67","author":"G Seinost","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.028738","article-title":"<italic>ospC<\/italic> diversity in <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>: different hosts are different niches","volume":"168","author":"D Brisson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0066798","article-title":"An experimental test of competition among mice, chipmunks, and squirrels in deciduous forest fragments","volume":"8","author":"JL Brunner","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref36","first-page":"338","article-title":"The ecology of Lyme-disease risk","volume":"85","author":"RS Ostfeld","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am Sci"},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"White M. Program MARK v 6.0. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/warnercnr.colostate.edu\/~gwhite\/mark\/mark.htm\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/warnercnr.colostate.edu\/~gwhite\/mark\/mark.htm<\/ext-link>. 2012."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1139\/z00-162","article-title":"Modeling the role of songbirds and rodents in the ecology of Lyme disease","volume":"78","author":"AR Giardina","year":"2000","journal-title":"Can J Zool Can Zool"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01219108","article-title":"A comparison of methods for sampling the deer tick, <italic>Ixodes dammini<\/italic>, in a Lyme disease endemic area","volume":"14","author":"RC Falco","year":"1992","journal-title":"Exp Appl Acarol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/160.3.833","article-title":"Geographic uniformity of the Lyme disease spirochete (<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>) and its shared history with tick vector (<italic>Ixodes scapularis<\/italic>) in the Northeastern United States","volume":"160","author":"W-G Qiu","year":"2002","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-015-0381-0","article-title":"First arrived takes all: inhibitory priority effects dominate competition between co-infecting <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> strains","volume":"15","author":"G Devevey","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65697","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065697","article-title":"Model-based assessment of estuary ecosystem health using the latent health factor index, with application to the Richibucto Estuary","volume":"9","author":"GS Chiu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stamet.2013.09.001","article-title":"A statistical social network model for consumption data in trophic food webs","volume":"17","author":"GS Chiu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stat Methodol"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15881","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1015359108","article-title":"A unifying approach for food webs, phylogeny, social networks, and statistics","volume":"108","author":"GS Chiu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.993","article-title":"Use of posterior predictive checks as an inferential tool for investigating individual heterogeneity in animal population vital rates","volume":"4","author":"T Chambert","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecol Evol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00434-12","article-title":"Experimental infections of the reservoir species <italic>Peromyscus leucopus<\/italic> with diverse strains of <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>, a Lyme disease agent","volume":"3","author":"E Baum","year":"2012","journal-title":"MBio"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e145","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0040145","article-title":"Climate, deer, rodents, and acorns as determinants of variation in lyme-disease risk","volume":"4","author":"RS Ostfeld","year":"2006","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.7589\/0090-3558-33.1.40","article-title":"Role of the eastern chipmunk (<italic>Tamias striatus<\/italic>) in the epizootiology of Lyme borreliosis in northwestern Illinois, USA","volume":"33","author":"T Slajchert","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Wildl Dis"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115306","article-title":"Comparing the relative potential of rodents as reservoirs of the Lyme disease spirochete (<italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic>)","volume":"130","author":"TN Mather","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meegid.2014.04.014","article-title":"Lyme disease risk not amplified in a species-poor vertebrate community: Similar <italic>Borrelia burgdorferi<\/italic> tick infection prevalence and OspC genotype frequencies","volume":"27","author":"SL States","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167810","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,21]],"date-time":"2022-07-21T22:55:32Z","timestamp":1658444132000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167810"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Utpal","family":"Pal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0167810","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,17]]}}}