{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T13:09:41Z","timestamp":1793884181032,"version":"4.7.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]],"date-time":"2016-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1481241600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0168024","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,10]],"date-time":"2016-12-10T10:23:23Z","timestamp":1481365403000},"page":"e0168024","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":114,"title":["High Prevalence of Faecal Carriage of ESBL-Producing Enterobacteriaceae among Children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marit G.","family":"Tellevik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn","family":"Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00d8yvind","family":"Kommedal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Y.","family":"Maselle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Langeland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabrina J.","family":"Moyo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"World Health Organization 2014: Antimicrobial Resistance\u2014Global Report on Surveillance. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/112642\/1\/9789241564748_eng.pdf?ua=1\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/10665\/112642\/1\/9789241564748_eng.pdf?ua=1<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.01.008","article-title":"Epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of pathogens causing urinary tract infections in the Asia-Pacific region: Results from the Study for Monitoring Antimicrobial Resistance Trends (SMART), 2010\u20132013","volume":"47","author":"SS Jean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Ag"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3409","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku307","article-title":"Homogeneity of antimicrobial policy, yet heterogeneity of antimicrobial resistance: antimicrobial non-susceptibility among 108,717 clinical isolates from primary, secondary and tertiary care patients in London","volume":"69","author":"LS Moore","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.2.745-749.2005","article-title":"High rate of fatal cases of pediatric septicemia caused by gram-negative bacteria with extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania","volume":"43","author":"B Blomberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2016.05.006","article-title":"Extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> causing bloodstream infections in rural Ghana, 2007\u20132012","volume":"306","author":"D Eibach","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-500","article-title":"Predominance of multi-drug resistant bacterial pathogens causing surgical site infections in Muhimbili National Hospital, Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"J Manyahi","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt500","article-title":"Proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates among <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> in Africa: evaluation of the evidence\u2014systematic review","volume":"69","author":"GS Tansarli","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51981","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051981","article-title":"Fecal carriage of ESBL-producing <italic>E<\/italic>. <italic>coli<\/italic> and <italic>K<\/italic>. <italic>pneumoniae<\/italic> in children in Guinea-Bissau: a hospital-based cross-sectional study","volume":"7","author":"J Isendahl","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2140","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt164","article-title":"High burden of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> in Gabon","volume":"68","author":"F Schaumburg","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0161685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0161685","article-title":"High Gastrointestinal Colonization Rate with Extended-Spectrum beta-Lactamase-Producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> in Hospitalized Patients: Emergence of Carbapenemase-Producing <italic>K<\/italic>. <italic>pneumoniae<\/italic> in Ethiopia","volume":"11","author":"K Desta","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"High rate of faecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> in healthy children in Bangui, Central African Republic","author":"A Farra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-015-2772-z","article-title":"Fecal ESBL <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> carriage as a risk factor for bacteremia in patients with hematological malignancies","volume":"24","author":"P Cornejo-Juarez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1086\/521260","article-title":"Screening for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> among high-risk patients and rates of subsequent bacteremia","volume":"45","author":"P Reddy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.12.005","article-title":"Risk of infection following colonization with carbapenem-resistant <italic>Enterobactericeae<\/italic>: A systematic review","volume":"44","author":"J Tischendorf","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1527-x","article-title":"Predictors of blaCTX-M-15 in varieties of <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> genotypes from humans in community settings in Mwanza, Tanzania","volume":"16","author":"SE Mshana","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-7-279","article-title":"Evaluation of existence and transmission of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria from post-delivery women to neonates at Bugando Medical Center, Mwanza-Tanzania","volume":"7","author":"E Nelson","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Res Notes"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e97562","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0097562","article-title":"Genetic diversity of circulating rotavirus strains in Tanzania prior to the introduction of vaccination","volume":"9","author":"SJ Moyo","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"489","article-title":"The presentation and use of height and weight data for comparing the nutritional status of groups of children under the age of 10 years","volume":"55","author":"JC Waterlow","year":"1977","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref19","unstructured":"European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters, Version 6.0. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/Breakpoint_tables\/v_6.0_Breakpoint_table.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.eucast.org\/fileadmin\/src\/media\/PDFs\/EUCAST_files\/Breakpoint_tables\/v_6.0_Breakpoint_table.pdf<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 23 February 2016."},{"issue":"No. 3","key":"ref20","article-title":"M100-S25","volume":"Vol. 35","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1111\/apm.12549","article-title":"Genetic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in Gram-negative sepsis\u2014impact on time to results in a routine laboratory","volume":"124","author":"O Kommedal","year":"2016","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv021","article-title":"Colonization with <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> producing ESBLs in children attending pre-school childcare facilities in the Lao People&apos;s Democratic Republic","volume":"70","author":"N Stoesser","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw283","article-title":"Fecal Colonization With Extended-spectrum Beta-lactamase-Producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> and Risk Factors Among Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review and Metaanalysis","volume":"63","author":"S Karanika","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkv441","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for carriage of ESBL-producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> in Amsterdam","volume":"71","author":"EA Reuland","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-204","article-title":"High prevalence of fecal carriage of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> and <italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/italic> in a pediatric unit in Madagascar","volume":"10","author":"T Andriatahina","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir522","article-title":"Massive increase, spread, and exchange of extended spectrum beta-lactamase-encoding genes among intestinal <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> in hospitalized children with severe acute malnutrition in Niger","volume":"53","author":"PL Woerther","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt519","article-title":"Prevalence of day-care centre children (France) with faecal CTX-M-producing <italic>Escherichia coli<\/italic> comprising O25b:H4 and O16:H5 ST131 strains","volume":"69","author":"V Blanc","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-016-0121-9","article-title":"Prevalence and characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> in healthy children and associated risk factors","volume":"15","author":"SM Hijazi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-43","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance predicts death in Tanzanian children with bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study","volume":"7","author":"B Blomberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1063","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-013-1851-7","article-title":"Faecal carriage of oxyiminocephalosporin-resistant <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> among paediatric units in different hospitals in the south of France","volume":"32","author":"A Boutet-Dubois","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2230","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku097","article-title":"The mother as most important risk factor for colonization of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> (ESBL-E)","volume":"69","author":"LA Denkel","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-015-0354-3","article-title":"Trends in paediatric bloodstream infections at a South African referral hospital","volume":"15","author":"A Dramowski","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-40","article-title":"High incidence of antimicrobial resistant organisms including extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing <italic>Enterobacteriaceae<\/italic> and methicillin-resistant <italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/italic> in nasopharyngeal and blood isolates of HIV-infected children from Cape Town, South Africa","volume":"8","author":"MF Cotton","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"Bacterial resistance and immunological profiles in HIV-infected and non-infected patients at Mbouda AD LUCEM Hospital in Cameroon","author":"WJ Marbou","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168024","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,16]],"date-time":"2022-07-16T20:56:31Z","timestamp":1658004991000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168024"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Patrick","family":"Butaye","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0168024","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,12,9]]}}}