{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:58:13Z","timestamp":1778853493666,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]],"date-time":"2017-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wellcome Trust of Great Britain","award":["106698\/B14\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["106698\/B14\/Z"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T17:22:02Z","timestamp":1483982522000},"page":"e0169307","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Defining Surrogate Endpoints for Clinical Trials in Severe Falciparum Malaria"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Atthanee","family":"Jeeyapant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hugh W.","family":"Kingston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Plewes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Richard J.","family":"Maude","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Josh","family":"Hanson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Trent","family":"Herdman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stije J.","family":"Leopold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thatsanun","family":"Ngernseng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakaykaew","family":"Charunwatthana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Hoan","family":"Phu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aniruddha","family":"Ghose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Mahtab Uddin","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Caterina I.","family":"Fanello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md Abul","family":"Faiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tran Tinh","family":"Hien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas P. J.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"White","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Arjen M.","family":"Dondorp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"ref1","first-page":"219","article-title":"World Malaria Day 2014: invest in the future","volume":"20","author":"H Atta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Defeat malaria. Eastern Mediterranean health journal = La revue de sante de la Mediterranee orientale = al-Majallah al-sihhiyah li-sharq al-mutawassit"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1086\/648409","article-title":"The Lambarene Organ Dysfunction Score (LODS) is a simple clinical predictor of fatal malaria in African children","volume":"200","author":"R Helbok","year":"2009","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1086\/589287","article-title":"The relationship between age and the manifestations of and mortality associated with severe malaria","volume":"47","author":"AM Dondorp","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis034","article-title":"Predicting the clinical outcome of severe falciparum malaria in african children: findings from a large randomized trial","volume":"54","author":"L von Seidlein","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"ref5","first-page":"7","article-title":"Severe malaria","volume":"19","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tropical medicine & international health: TM & IH"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref6","first-page":"245","article-title":"Adjuvant therapy in cerebral malaria","volume":"124","author":"S Mohanty","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Indian journal of medical research"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref7","first-page":"CD001474","article-title":"Iron chelating agents for treating malaria","author":"HJ Smith","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"issue":"9753","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61924-1","article-title":"Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): an open-label, randomised trial","volume":"376","author":"AM Dondorp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3 Suppl","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S150","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000161582.63265.B6","article-title":"Alternative outcome measures for pediatric clinical sepsis trials","volume":"6","author":"MA Curley","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatric critical care medicine: a journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies"},{"issue":"9918","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60024-0","article-title":"Malaria","volume":"383","author":"NJ White","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(94)90504-5","article-title":"Lactic acidosis and hypoglycaemia in children with severe malaria: pathophysiological and prognostic significance","volume":"88","author":"S Krishna","year":"1994","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780080407","article-title":"Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials: definition and operational criteria","volume":"8","author":"RL Prentice","year":"1989","journal-title":"Statistics in medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1377\/hlthaff.24.1.67","article-title":"Surrogate endpoints and FDA&apos;s accelerated approval process","volume":"24","author":"TR Fleming","year":"2005","journal-title":"Health affairs (Project Hope)"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-015-0365-9","article-title":"Microvascular obstruction and endothelial activation are independently associated with the clinical manifestations of severe falciparum malaria in adults: an observational study","volume":"13","author":"J Hanson","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit410","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of levamisole hydrochloride as adjunctive therapy in severe falciparum malaria with high parasitemia","volume":"209","author":"RJ Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-13-177","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain in adults with severe falciparum malaria","volume":"13","author":"RJ Maude","year":"2014","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87020","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087020","article-title":"Rapid clinical assessment to facilitate the triage of adults with falciparum malaria, a retrospective analysis","volume":"9","author":"J Hanson","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27273","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027273","article-title":"Timing of enteral feeding in cerebral malaria in resource-poor settings: a randomized trial","volume":"6","author":"RJ Maude","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1086\/649928","article-title":"A simple score to predict the outcome of severe malaria in adults","volume":"50","author":"J Hanson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181958dfd","article-title":"N-acetylcysteine as adjunctive treatment in severe malaria: a randomized, double-blinded placebo-controlled clinical trial","volume":"37","author":"P Charunwatthana","year":"2009","journal-title":"Critical care medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199607113350202","article-title":"A controlled trial of artemether or quinine in Vietnamese adults with severe falciparum malaria","volume":"335","author":"TH Tran","year":"1996","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Plewes K. Paracetamol Effect on Oxidative Stress and Renal Function in Severe Falciparum Malaria With Intravascular Haemolysis: A Randomised Controlled Clinical Trial. ClinicalTrialsgov Identifier: NCT016412892012."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1198\/sbr.2009.0070","article-title":"Evaluating the Proportion of Treatment Effect Explained by a Continuous Surrogate Marker in Logistic or Probit Regression Models","volume":"2","author":"J Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Statistics in biopharmaceutical research"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/der456","article-title":"Treatment should be considered a competing risk when predicting natural conception in subfertile women","volume":"27","author":"N Van Geloven","year":"2012","journal-title":"Human reproduction (Oxford, England)"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198202113060601","article-title":"Dexamethasone proves deleterious in cerebral malaria. A double-blind trial in 100 comatose patients","volume":"306","author":"DA Warrell","year":"1982","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir405","article-title":"Brain swelling and mannitol therapy in adult cerebral malaria: a randomized trial. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the","volume":"53","author":"S Mohanty","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)64885-7","article-title":"Axonal injury in cerebral malaria","volume":"160","author":"IM Medana","year":"2002","journal-title":"The American journal of pathology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1400116","article-title":"Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria","volume":"372","author":"KB Seydel","year":"2015","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"},{"issue":"9380","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)13974-8","article-title":"Neuropathological assessment of artemether-treated severe malaria","volume":"362","author":"TT Hien","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2006.02.017","article-title":"No hearing loss associated with the use of artemether-lumefantrine to treat experimental human malaria","volume":"100","author":"MB McCall","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jit116","article-title":"Lethal malaria: Marchiafava and Bignami were right","volume":"208","author":"NJ White","year":"2013","journal-title":"The Journal of infectious diseases"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-5-85","article-title":"Human malarial disease: a consequence of inflammatory cytokine release","volume":"5","author":"IA Clark","year":"2006","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827466d2","article-title":"Fluid resuscitation of adults with severe falciparum malaria: effects on Acid-base status, renal function, and extravascular lung water","volume":"41","author":"JP Hanson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical care medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270003251392","article-title":"Population kinetics, efficacy, and safety of dichloroacetate for lactic acidosis due to severe malaria in children","volume":"43","author":"T Agbenyega","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e69587","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069587","article-title":"A randomized pilot study of L-arginine infusion in severe falciparum malaria: preliminary safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics","volume":"8","author":"TW Yeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-12-176","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide for the adjunctive therapy of severe malaria: protocol for a randomized controlled trial","volume":"12","author":"M Hawkes","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2015.1000483","article-title":"Antimalarial compounds in Phase II clinical development","volume":"24","author":"J Held","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert opinion on investigational drugs"},{"issue":"44","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17097","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0805782105","article-title":"Angiopoietin-2 is associated with decreased endothelial nitric oxide and poor clinical outcome in severe falciparum malaria","volume":"105","author":"TW Yeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1186\/s12936-015-0946-2","article-title":"Inhaled nitric oxide as adjunctive therapy for severe malaria: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"14","author":"MT Hawkes","year":"2015","journal-title":"Malaria journal"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198908103210629","article-title":"Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST) Investigators","volume":"321","year":"1989","journal-title":"The New England journal of medicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169307","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T18:33:19Z","timestamp":1588962799000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169307"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Luzia Helena","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0169307","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,4]]}}}