{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T23:17:25Z","timestamp":1773789445360,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004440","name":"Wellcome Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["[099051\/Z\/12\/Z]"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["[099051\/Z\/12\/Z]"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170588","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]],"date-time":"2017-02-16T16:43:57Z","timestamp":1487263437000},"page":"e0170588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Uptake contexts and perceived impacts of HIV testing and counselling among adults in East and Southern Africa: A meta-ethnographic review"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"T. Charles","family":"Witzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wezzie","family":"Lora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shelley","family":"Lees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicola","family":"Desmond","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01923.x","article-title":"Expanding access to voluntary HIV counselling and testing in sub-Saharan Africa: alternative approaches for improving uptake, 2001\u20132007","volume":"12","author":"JKB Matovu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"UNAIDS Getting to Zero: HIV in Eastern & Southern Africa. Johannesburg. UNAIDS; 2013."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s6","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121003720994","article-title":"\u201cIt is not an easy decision on HIV, especially in Zambia\u201d: opting for silence, limited disclosure and implicit understanding to retain a wider identity","volume":"22","author":"VA Bond","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832b7dca","article-title":"Sexual transmission of HIV according to viral load and antiretroviral therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"S Attia","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"9657","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)61697-9","article-title":"Universal voluntary HIV testing with immediate antiretroviral therapy as a strategy for elimination of HIV transmission: a mathematical model","volume":"373","author":"RM Granich","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Service Delivery Approaches to HIV Testing and Counselling (HTC): A Strategic Policy Framework. Geneva: WHO; 2012."},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Consolidated Guidelines on HIV Testing Services","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref8","year":"2014"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1762","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.096263","article-title":"The Utilization of Testing and Counseling for HIV: A Review of the Social and Behavioural Evidence","volume":"97","author":"CM Obermeyer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref10","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref11","year":"2012"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2006.089235","article-title":"HIV Counseling and Testing: Less Targeting, More Testing","volume":"96","author":"DJ Koo","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Jo Public Health"},{"key":"ref13","year":"2015"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-13-220","article-title":"A systematic review of qualitative findings on factors enabling and deterring uptake of HIV testing in Sub-Saharan Africa","volume":"13","author":"M Musheke","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1397","article-title":"Effects of HIV counselling and testing on sexual risk behaviour: A meta-analytic review of published research, 1985\u20131997","volume":"89","author":"LS Weinhardt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"CD001224","article-title":"Voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) for changing HIV-related risk behaviour in developing countries (Review)","volume":"9","author":"VA Fonner","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1571","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-012-0241-y","article-title":"Provider-Initiated HIV Testing and Counselling in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"CE Kennedy","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"issue":"Suppl I","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02510.x","article-title":"Patient-reported barriers and drivers of adherence to antiretrovirals in sub-Saharan Africa: a meta-ethnography","volume":"15","author":"S Merten","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"9527","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60371-7","article-title":"Youth-friendly primary-care services: how are we doing and what more needs to be done?","volume":"369","author":"A Tylee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412985000","article-title":"Meta-Ethnography: Synthesizing Qualitative Studies","author":"GW Noblit","year":"1988"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzm042","article-title":"Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups","volume":"19","author":"A Tong","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J for Qual Health Care"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7226.50","article-title":"Assessing quality in qualitative research","volume":"320","author":"N Mays","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120500100718","article-title":"Living with discordance: Knowledge, challenges, and prevention strategies of HIV-discordant couples in Uganda","volume":"18","author":"RE Bunnell","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-8-263","article-title":"Voluntary HIV counselling and testing among men in rural western Uganda: Implications for HIV prevention","volume":"8","author":"FM Bwambale","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120701203931","article-title":"HIV testing and disclosure: a qualitative analysis of TB patients in South Africa","volume":"19","author":"A Daftary","year":"2007","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120902883077","article-title":"Katongole, D., Ehiri, J. Experiences of sexual violence among women in HIV discordant unions after voluntary HIV counselling and testing: a qualitative critical incident study in Uganda","volume":"21","author":"D Emusu","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120903311508","article-title":"The complexity of consent: women\u2019s experiences testing for HIV at an antenatal clinic in Durban, South Africa","volume":"22","author":"AK Groves","year":"2010","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2013.07.033","article-title":"The seven Cs of the high acceptability of home based VCT: Results from a mixed methods approach in Zambia","volume":"97","author":"M J\u00fcrgensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-966","article-title":"Home-based HIV counseling and testing: Client experiences and perceptions in Eastern Uganda","volume":"12","author":"D Kyaddondo","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802511844","article-title":"Partners at risk: motivations, strategies and challenges to HIV transmission risk reduction among HIV-infected men and women in Uganda","volume":"21","author":"K Lifshay","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S19327","article-title":"Sex inequality, high transport costs, and exposed clinic location: reasons for loss to follow-up of clients under prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission in eastern Uganda- a qualitative study","volume":"7","author":"M Lubega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Patient Preference and Adherence"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18020","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.15.2.18020","article-title":"Barriers and facilitators to linkage to ART in primary care: a qualitative study of patients and providers in Blantyre, Malawi","volume":"15","author":"P MacPherson","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Int AIDS Soc"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6963-13-97","article-title":"Couple experiences of provider-initiated couple HIV testing in an antenatal clinic in Lusaka, Zambia: lessons for policy and practice","volume":"13","author":"M Musheke","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Health Servs Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120802657498","article-title":"The role of HIV testing, counselling, and treatment in coping with HIV\/AIDS in Uganda: a qualitative analysis","volume":"21","author":"B Nyanzi-Wakholi","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/09540120512331314376","article-title":"\u2018What I\u2019ve noticed what they need is the stats\u2019: Lay HIV counsellors\u2019 reports of working in a task-oriented health care system","volume":"17","author":"P Rohleder","year":"2005","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17429","DOI":"10.7448\/IAS.15.2.17429","article-title":"\u201cTelling my husband I have HIV is too heavy to come out of my mouth\u201d: pregnant women\u2019s disclosure experience and support needs following antenatal HIV testing in eastern Uganda","volume":"15","author":"K Rujumba","year":"2012","journal-title":"J of the Int AIDS Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050903033423","article-title":"Changes in sexual risk taking with antiretroviral treatment: influence of context and gender norms in Mombasa, Kenya","volume":"11","author":"A Sarna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.4102\/curationis.v28i1.912","article-title":"Evaluation of HIV counselling and testing, self-disclosure, social support and sexual behaviour change among a rural sample of HIV reactive patients in South Africa","volume":"28","author":"E Sethosa","year":"2005","journal-title":"Curationis"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e431","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043148","article-title":"\u201cThat Pregnancy Can Bring Noise into the Family\u201d: Exploring Intimate Partner Sexual Violence during Pregnancy in the Context of HIV in Zimbabwe","volume":"7","author":"S Shamu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2010.047738","article-title":"Voluntary counselling and testing for HIV in a Zambian mining community: serial interviews with people testing negative","volume":"87","author":"J Sikasote","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-33","article-title":"Masculinity, social context and HIV testing: an ethnographic study of men in Busia district, rural eastern Uganda","volume":"14","author":"G Siu","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e645","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064527","article-title":"Challenges in Providing Counselling to MSM in Highly Stigmatized Contexts: Results of a Qualitative Study from Kenya","volume":"8","author":"M Taegtmeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-347","article-title":"Home-based voluntary counselling and testing found highly acceptable and to reduce inequalities","volume":"10","author":"W Mutale","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-698X-13-6","article-title":"HIV testing and care in Burkina Faso, Kenya, Malawi and Uganda: ethics on the ground","volume":"13","author":"CM Obermeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Int Health Hum Rights"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000655","article-title":"Men\u2019s heightened risk of AIDS-related death: the legacy of gendered HIV testing and treatment strategies","volume":"29","author":"K Dovel","year":"2015","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Guidelines on self-testing and partner notification: supplement to consolidated guidelines on HIV testing services","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328321e40b","article-title":"The costs and effectiveness of four HIV counselling and testing strategies in Uganda","volume":"23","author":"N Menzies","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0170588","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,23]],"date-time":"2018-10-23T23:51:13Z","timestamp":1540338673000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0170588"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Matthew P","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0170588","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,16]]}}}