{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:43:31Z","timestamp":1770338611513,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1487116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 HL007287"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 HL007287"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0171422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]],"date-time":"2017-02-15T15:23:05Z","timestamp":1487172185000},"page":"e0171422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Presentation, management, and outcomes of sepsis in adults and children admitted to a rural Ugandan hospital: A prospective observational cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6695-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina E.","family":"Rudd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leonard K.","family":"Tutaryebwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. Eoin","family":"West","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61728-0","article-title":"Global and regional mortality from 235 causes of death for 20 age groups in 1990 and 2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010","volume":"380","author":"R Lozano","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050175","article-title":"Strategies to reduce mortality from bacterial sepsis in adults in developing countries","volume":"5","author":"AC Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61682-2","article-title":"Global, regional, and national age\u2014sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990\u20132013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013","volume":"385","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201504-0781OC","article-title":"Assessment of Global Incidence and Mortality of Hospital-treated Sepsis\u2014Current Estimates and Limitations","volume":"193","author":"C Fleischmann","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31827e83af","article-title":"Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2012","volume":"41","author":"RP Dellinger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9981","article-title":"Fitting a square peg into a round hole: are the current Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines feasible for Africa?","volume":"15","author":"ST Jacob","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"R10","article-title":"Availability of critical care resources to treat patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in Africa: a self-reported, continent-wide survey of anaesthesia providers","volume":"15","author":"I Baelani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care. BioMed Central Ltd"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"559","article-title":"Identifying resource needs for sepsis care and guideline implementation in the democratic republic of the Congo: A cluster survey of 66 hospitals in four eastern provinces","volume":"21","author":"I Baelani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Middle East J Anesthesiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.10.077073","article-title":"Nationwide survey on resource availability for implementing current sepsis guidelines in Mongolia","volume":"88","author":"O Bataar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"7","article-title":"Feasibility of modified surviving sepsis campaign guidelines in a resource-restricted setting based on a cohort study of severe S. aureus sepsis","author":"W Mahavanakul","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70135-5","article-title":"Surviving sepsis in low-income and middle-income countries: new directions for care and research","volume":"9","author":"JU Becker","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-11-107","article-title":"Integrating sepsis management recommendations into clinical care guidelines for district hospitals in resource-limited settings: the necessity to augment new guidelines with future research","volume":"11","author":"ST Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-012-2468-5","article-title":"Recommendations for sepsis management in resource-limited settings","volume":"38","author":"MW D\u00fcnser","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0b013e318291774b","article-title":"Preventing Intensive Care Admissions for Sepsis in Tropical Africa (PICASTA): An Extension of the International Pediatric Global Sepsis Initiative: An African Perspective","volume":"14","author":"G Pollach","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861.e9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2015.04.003","article-title":"A \u201cThree Delays\u201d Model for Severe Sepsis in Resource-Limited Countries","volume":"30","author":"A Papali","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Crit Care. Elsevier Inc"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Pulmonary ultrasound and pulse oximetry versus chest radiography and arterial blood gas analysis for the diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pilot study","volume":"19","author":"CM Bass","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000541","article-title":"Simplified Severe Sepsis Protocol: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Modified Early Goal-Directed Therapy in Zambia","volume":"42","author":"B Andrews","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12086","article-title":"Clinical care for severe influenza and other severe illness in resource-limited settings: The need for evidence and guidelines","volume":"7","author":"JR Ortiz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respi Viruses"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/s12245-015-0068-1","article-title":"Descriptive analysis of sepsis in a developing country","volume":"8","author":"GA Dagher","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/44.6.343","article-title":"Outcome for Children Under 5 Years Hospitalized with Severe Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Yemen : A 5 Year Experience","volume":"44","author":"SM Banajeh","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1086\/315367","article-title":"A hospital-based prevalence survey of bloodstream infections in febrile patients in Malawi: implications for diagnosis and therapy","volume":"181","author":"LK Archibald","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(01)90027-X","article-title":"Seasonal variation in the etiology of bloodstream infections in a febrile inpatient population in a developing country","volume":"5","author":"M Bell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2012.08.006","article-title":"Severe febrile illness in adult hospital admissions in Tanzania: A prospective study in an area of high malaria transmission","volume":"106","author":"B Nadjm","year":"2012","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"19","article-title":"The Etiology And Outcome Of Adult Patients Presenting With Sepsis To The University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia","volume":"39","author":"SM Chimese","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med J Zambia"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0139966","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0139966","article-title":"Severe Sepsis in Severely Malnourished Young Bangladeshi Children with Pneumonia: A Retrospective Case Control Study","volume":"10","author":"MJ Chisti","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709011853","article-title":"Increased prevalence of HIV-2 infection in hospitalized patients with severe bacterial diseases in Guinea-Bissau","volume":"29","author":"H Norrgren","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"11","article-title":"Sepsis carries a high mortality among hospitalised adults in Malawi in the era of antiretroviral therapy scale-up: A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"70","author":"PI Waitt","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Infect. Elsevier Ltd"},{"key":"ref28","article-title":"Mortality after fluid bolus in African children with severe infection","author":"K Maitland","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2050","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31824e65d7","article-title":"The impact of early monitored management on survival in hospitalized adult Ugandan patients with severe sepsis: a prospective intervention study","volume":"40","author":"ST Jacob","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89879","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089879","article-title":"Frequency of Vital Signs Monitoring and its Association with Mortality among Adults with Severe Sepsis Admitted to a General Medical Ward in Uganda","volume":"9","author":"SB Asiimwe","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0007782","article-title":"Severe sepsis in two Ugandan hospitals: A prospective observational study of management and outcomes in a predominantly HIV-1 infected population","volume":"4","author":"ST Jacob","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2011.10-0692","article-title":"Aggregate evaluable organ dysfunction predicts in-hospital mortality from sepsis in Uganda","volume":"85","author":"R Ssekitoleko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1086\/524665","article-title":"Point-of-care lactate testing predicts mortality of severe sepsis in a predominantly HIV type 1-infected patient population in Uganda","volume":"46","author":"CC Moore","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02528.x","article-title":"Septicaemia in a population-based HIV clinical cohort in rural Uganda, 1996\u20132007: Incidence, aetiology, antimicrobial drug resistance and impact of antiretroviral therapy","volume":"15","author":"BN Mayanja","year":"2010","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Heal"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182227bd2","article-title":"Hypoglycemia at admission is associated with inhospital mortality in Ugandan patients with severe sepsis","volume":"39","author":"R Ssekitoleko","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-6-7","article-title":"Risk factors in hospital deaths in severely malnourished children in Kampala, Uganda","volume":"6","author":"H Bachou","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2875-12-146","article-title":"Malaria is an uncommon cause of adult sepsis in south-western Uganda","volume":"12","author":"MA Auma","year":"2013","journal-title":"Malar J"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/0a53f994-bfe2-45db-9dbb-97fdfea023c5","article-title":"Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacteremia in a Cohort of HIV-Infected Patients Hospitalized with Severe Sepsis in Uganda-High Frequency, Low Clinical Sand Derivation of a Clinical Prediction Score","volume":"8","author":"ST Jacob","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"6","article-title":"Enrichment of HIV-1 Subtype AD Recombinants in a Ugandan Cohort of Severely Septic Patients","volume":"7","author":"NI Doka","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2009.80.723","article-title":"Treatment of severe sepsis with artemether-lumefantrine is associated with decreased mortality in ugandan patients without malaria","volume":"80","author":"CC Moore","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","article-title":"Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis","volume":"101","author":"RC Bone","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PCC.0000149131.72248.E6","article-title":"International pediatric sepsis consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ dysfunction in pediatrics","volume":"6","author":"B Goldstein","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Crit Care Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciq103","article-title":"Invasive bacterial and fungal infections among hospitalized HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults and adolescents in northern Tanzania","volume":"52","author":"JA Crump","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Uganda AIDS Commission. The HIV and AIDS Uganda Country Progress Report 2014. 2015;"},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Bwindi Community Hospital. Bwindi Community Hospital Annual Report 2013\/2014. 2014;"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0171422","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,18]],"date-time":"2019-09-18T14:45:17Z","timestamp":1568817917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0171422"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"John","family":"Schieffelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0171422","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,15]]}}}