{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T06:04:48Z","timestamp":1791266688405,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1490054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["25450419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["25450419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003008","name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Egypt","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003008","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]],"date-time":"2017-03-21T21:08:08Z","timestamp":1490130488000},"page":"e0173745","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Lactate dehydrogenase in Toxoplasma gondii controls virulence, bradyzoite differentiation, and chronic infection"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Abdelbaset E.","family":"Abdelbaset","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Fox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed H.","family":"Karram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmoud R.","family":"Abd Ellah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Bzik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Igarashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1994.1039","article-title":"Experimental induction of bradyzoite specific antigen expression and cyst formation by RH strain of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii in vitro<\/italic>","volume":"78","author":"M Soete","year":"1994","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.61.3.1141-1145.1993","article-title":"Induction of bradyzoite-specific Toxoplasma gondii antigens in gamma interferon-treated mouse macrophages","volume":"61","author":"W Bohne","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.62.5.1761-1767.1994","article-title":"Reduced replication of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> is necessary for induction of bradyzoite-specific antigens: a possible role for nitric oxide in triggering stage conversion","volume":"62","author":"W Bohne","year":"1994","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-7519(95)00066-B","article-title":"Interconnection between organellar functions, development and drug resistance in the protozoan parasite, <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"25","author":"S Tomavo","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-4758(99)01515-X","article-title":"Cytokines, nitric oxide, heat shock proteins and virulence in Toxoplasma","volume":"15","author":"CM Miller","year":"1999","journal-title":"Parasitol Today"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1221","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02344.x","article-title":"Cloning and characterization of a bradyzoite-specifically expressed gene <italic>(hsp30\/bag1)<\/italic> of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>, related to genes encoding small heat-shock proteins of plants","volume":"16","author":"W Bohne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00100-F","article-title":"Cloning of a bradyzoite-specific gene of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> encoding a cytoplasmic antigen","volume":"73","author":"SF Parmley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(95)00124-J","article-title":"A bradyzoite stage-specifically expressed gene of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> encodes a polypeptide homologous to lactate dehydrogenase","volume":"73","author":"S Yang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6851(96)02740-5","article-title":"Molecular cloning of the <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> sag4 gene encoding an 18 kDa bradyzoite specific surface protein","volume":"82","author":"C Odberg-Ferragut","year":"1996","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24888","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.35.24888","article-title":"The protozoan parasite <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> expresses two functional plant-like glycolytic enzymes. Implications for evolutionary origin of apicomplexans","volume":"274","author":"F Dzierszinski","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.2000.4556","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: Identification of a developmentally regulated family of genes related to SAG2","volume":"96","author":"C Lekutis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1006\/jmbi.2001.4730","article-title":"Differential expression of two plant-like enolases with distinct enzymatic and antigenic properties during stage conversion of the protozoan parasite <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"309","author":"F Dzierszinski","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.1.3.329-340.2002","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> Asexual Development: Identification of Developmentally Regulated Genes and Distinct Patterns of Gene Expression","volume":"1","author":"MD Cleary","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8038","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.174.12.8038","article-title":"Stage-specific expression of surface antigens by <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> as a mechanism to facilitate parasite persistence","volume":"174","author":"SK Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2007.10.005","article-title":"Identification of novel bradyzoite-specific <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> genes with domains for protein\u2013protein interactions by suppression subtractive hybridization","volume":"157","author":"J Friesen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2011.01.015","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: A bradyzoite-specific DnaK-tetratricopeptide repeat (DnaK-TPR) protein interacts with p23 co-chaperone protein","volume":"127","author":"A Ueno","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(96)00566-5","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> expresses two distinct lactate dehydrogenase homologous genes during its life cycle in intermediate hosts","volume":"184","author":"S Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1021\/bi035108g","article-title":"Structure of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> LDH1: active-site differences from human lactate dehydrogenases and the structural basis for efficient APAD+ use","volume":"43","author":"KL Kavanagh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1111\/mmi.12999","article-title":"Expression of the glycolytic enzymes enolase and lactate dehydrogenase during the early phase of Toxoplasma differentiation is regulated by an intron retention mechanism","volume":"96","author":"M Lunghi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00360-7","article-title":"The kinetic properties and sensitivities to inhibitors of lactate dehydrogenases (LDH1 and LDH2) from <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: comparisons with pLDH from <italic>Plasmodium falciparum<\/italic>","volume":"118","author":"C Dando","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52300","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M409175200","article-title":"The expression of lactate dehydrogenase is important for the cell cycle of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"279","author":"F Al-Anouti","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14010","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.24.14010","article-title":"Insertional tagging, cloning, and expression of the <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> hypoxanthine-xanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase gene. Use as a selectable marker for stable transformation","volume":"271","author":"RG Donald","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.13-0632","article-title":"Seroprevalences of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> and <italic>Neospora caninum<\/italic> in Pet Rabbits in Japan","volume":"76","author":"D Salman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Vet Med Sci"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-008-0909-4","article-title":"Molecular and biochemical characterization of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> \u03b2-hydroxyacyl-acyl carrier protein dehydratase (FABZ)","volume":"102","author":"G Dautu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exppara.2008.09.018","article-title":"<italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>: Identification and characterization of bradyzoite-specific deoxyribose phosphate aldolase-like gene (TgDPA)","volume":"121","author":"A Ueno","year":"2009","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"ref26","author":"J Sambrook","year":"2001"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1128\/EC.00357-08","article-title":"Efficient gene replacements in <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> strains deficient for nonhomologous end joining","volume":"8","author":"BA Fox","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eukaryot Cell"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molbiopara.2013.04.005","article-title":"A novel dense granule protein, GRA22, is involved in regulating parasite egress in <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic>","volume":"189","author":"T Okada","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e105820","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0105820","article-title":"Nuclear glycolytic enzyme Enolase of <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> functions as a transcriptional regulator","volume":"9","author":"T Mouveaux","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2148","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.02756-14","article-title":"Nonreplicating, Cyst-Defective Type II <italic>Toxoplasma gondii<\/italic> vaccine strains stimulate protective immunity against acute and chronic infection","volume":"83","author":"BA Fox","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Immun"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0173745","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,4]],"date-time":"2020-10-04T05:58:28Z","timestamp":1601791108000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0173745"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Mohamed Ali","family":"Hakimi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0173745","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,21]]}}}