{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T10:43:11Z","timestamp":1789728191411,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1489622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006010","name":"Bayer Schering","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006401","name":"Fondation Charcot","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006401","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003134","name":"Fonds pour la Formation \u00e0 la Recherche dans l\u2019Industrie et dans l\u2019Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003134","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]],"date-time":"2017-03-16T14:44:27Z","timestamp":1489675467000},"page":"e0173780","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["IL-22, GM-CSF and IL-17 in peripheral CD4+ T cell subpopulations during multiple sclerosis relapses and remission. Impact of corticosteroid therapy"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Muls","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zakia","family":"Nasr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hong Anh","family":"Dang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Sindic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2885-9004","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Vincent","family":"van Pesch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.177.1.566","article-title":"IL-17 plays an important role in the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"177","author":"Y Komiyama","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6924","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01355","article-title":"Interleukin-23 rather than interleukin-12 is the critical cytokine for autoimmune inflammation of the brain","volume":"421","author":"DJ Cua","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"Pt 12","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3329","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp289","article-title":"Phenotypical and functional characterization of T helper 17 cells in multiple sclerosis","volume":"132","author":"V Brucklacher-Waldert","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain: a journal of neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/135245859900500206","article-title":"Interleukin-17 mRNA expression in blood and CSF mononuclear cells is augmented in multiple sclerosis","volume":"5","author":"D Matusevicius","year":"1999","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21652","article-title":"T-helper 17 cells expand in multiple sclerosis and are inhibited by interferon-beta","volume":"65","author":"L Durelli","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annals of neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.194.7.873","article-title":"Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a new putative therapeutic target in multiple sclerosis","volume":"194","author":"JL McQualter","year":"2001","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1808","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.201444960","article-title":"GM-CSF promotes migration of human monocytes across the blood brain barrier","volume":"45","author":"DYS Vogel","year":"2015","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2015.08.010","article-title":"The Cytokine GM-CSF Drives the Inflammatory Signature of CCR2(+) Monocytes and Licenses Autoimmunity","volume":"43","author":"AL Croxford","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1472","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.200838811","article-title":"Memory IL-22-producing CD4+ T cells specific for Candida albicans are present in humans","volume":"39","author":"Y Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"European journal of immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1770","article-title":"Identification of a human helper T cell population that has abundant production of interleukin 22 and is distinct from T(H)-17, T(H)1 and T(H)2 cells","volume":"10","author":"S Trifari","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature immunology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6883","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1001392","article-title":"IL-22RA2 associates with multiple sclerosis and macrophage effector mechanisms in experimental neuroinflammation","volume":"185","author":"AD Beyeen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e87956","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087956","article-title":"Characterization of human CD39+ Th17 cells with suppressor activity and modulation in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"9","author":"MS Longhi","year":"2014","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humimm.2015.09.007","article-title":"CD39 expression on Treg and Th17 cells is associated with metabolic factors in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"76","author":"N Cortez-Espinosa","year":"2015","journal-title":"Human Immunology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2013.1692","article-title":"CD39\/CD73 and the imbalance of Th17 cells and regulatory T cells in allergic asthma","volume":"8","author":"LL Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecular medicine reports"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.021908.132715","article-title":"The inflammasomes: guardians of the body","volume":"27","author":"F Martinon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Annual review of immunology"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.111.226837","article-title":"Regulation of lymphocyte function by adenosine","volume":"32","author":"J Linden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2011.12.010","article-title":"Upregulation of IL-17, but not of IL-9, in circulating cells of CIS and relapsing MS patients. Impact of corticosteroid therapy on the cytokine network","volume":"243","author":"N Muls","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00262-2","article-title":"Glucocorticoids increase IL-10 expression in multiple sclerosis patients with acute relapse","volume":"85","author":"A Gayo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(97)00211-7","article-title":"Corticosteroids induce expression of transforming-growth-factor-beta1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"84","author":"LM Ossege","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"key":"ref20","article-title":"Regulation of Treg-associated CD39 in multiple sclerosis and effects of corticotherapy during relapse","author":"NG Muls","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22366","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria","volume":"69","author":"CH Polman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1651","article-title":"Human TH17 lymphocytes promote blood-brain barrier disruption and central nervous system inflammation","volume":"13","author":"H Kebir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20041257","article-title":"IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation","volume":"201","author":"CL Langrish","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e117","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000117","article-title":"Randomized phase 1b trial of MOR103, a human antibody to GM-CSF, in multiple sclerosis","volume":"2","author":"CS Constantinescu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458510379247","article-title":"Cytokine and chemokine profiles in neuromyelitis optica: significance of interleukin-6","volume":"16","author":"A Uzawa","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27473","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027473","article-title":"Increase in Th17 and T-reg lymphocytes and decrease of IL22 correlate with the recovery phase of acute EAE in rat","volume":"6","author":"B Almolda","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8098","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.179.12.8098","article-title":"IL-22 is expressed by Th17 cells in an IL-23-dependent fashion, but not required for the development of autoimmune encephalomyelitis","volume":"179","author":"K Kreymborg","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.5A0813-463RR","article-title":"Th22 cells are expanded in multiple sclerosis and are resistant to IFN-beta","volume":"96","author":"S Rolla","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G827","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00513.2005","article-title":"IL-22 is increased in active Crohn's disease and promotes proinflammatory gene expression and intestinal epithelial cell migration","volume":"290","author":"S Brand","year":"2006","journal-title":"American journal of physiology Gastrointestinal and liver physiology"},{"key":"ref30","first-page":"260473","article-title":"IL-17 and IL-22 in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are elevated in Guillain-Barre syndrome","volume":"2012","author":"S Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mediators of inflammation"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdermsci.2010.03.018","article-title":"Serum IL-22 correlates with psoriatic severity and serum IL-6 correlates with susceptibility to phototherapy","volume":"58","author":"YH Lo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of dermatological science"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1793","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0901829","article-title":"IL-24 transgenic mice: in vivo evidence of overlapping functions for IL-20, IL-22, and IL-24 in the epidermis","volume":"184","author":"M He","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1747.2003.12626.x","article-title":"Epidermal overexpression of interleukin-19 and -20 mRNA in psoriatic skin disappears after short-term treatment with cyclosporine a or calcipotriol","volume":"121","author":"J Romer","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Journal of investigative dermatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.0804169","article-title":"Expression of IL-24, an activator of the JAK1\/STAT3\/SOCS3 cascade, is enhanced in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"183","author":"A Andoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2012.10.009","article-title":"Evaluation of Th17-related cytokines and receptors in multiple sclerosis patients under interferon beta-1 therapy","volume":"255","author":"G Esendagli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of neuroimmunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2031","article-title":"The encephalitogenicity of T(H)17 cells is dependent on IL-1- and IL-23-induced production of the cytokine GM-CSF","volume":"12","author":"M El-Behi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature immunology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2014.154","article-title":"STAT5 programs a distinct subset of GM-CSF-producing T helper cells that is essential for autoimmune neuroinflammation","volume":"24","author":"W Sheng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"241","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241ra80","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3008706","article-title":"IL-17 and GM-CSF expression are antagonistically regulated by human T helper cells","volume":"6","author":"R Noster","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science translational medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1993","article-title":"Fate mapping of IL-17-producing T cells in inflammatory responses","volume":"12","author":"K Hirota","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature immunology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","first-page":"43","article-title":"Hydrodynamic gene delivery of interleukin-22 protects the mouse liver from concanavalin A-, carbon tetrachloride-, and Fas ligand-induced injury via activation of STAT3","volume":"1","author":"H Pan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cellular & molecular immunology"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2008.11.003","article-title":"Innate and Adaptive Interleukin-22 Protects Mice from Inflammatory Bowel Disease","volume":"29","author":"LA Zenewicz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2004.07.007","article-title":"IL-22 increases the innate immunity of tissues","volume":"21","author":"K Wolk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20092054","article-title":"Pathological versus protective functions of IL-22 in airway inflammation are regulated by IL-17A","volume":"207","author":"GF Sonnenberg","year":"2010","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2416","article-title":"Induction and molecular signature of pathogenic TH17 cells","volume":"13","author":"Y Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature immunology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20061308","article-title":"Interleukin (IL)-22 and IL-17 are coexpressed by Th17 cells and cooperatively enhance expression of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"203","author":"SC Liang","year":"2006","journal-title":"The Journal of experimental medicine"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0512-z","article-title":"Dual roles of the adenosine A2a receptor in autoimmune neuroinflammation","volume":"13","author":"J Ingwersen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cytogfr.2012.07.002","article-title":"Emerging role of interleukin-22 in autoimmune diseases","volume":"24","author":"HF Pan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine & growth factor reviews"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v17.i9.1095","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of glucocorticoid resistance in inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"17","author":"S De Iudicibus","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20130301","article-title":"Pro-inflammatory human Th17 cells selectively express P-glycoprotein and are refractory to glucocorticoids","volume":"211","author":"R Ramesh","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Distinct pattern of lesion distribution in multiple sclerosis is associated with different circulating T-helper and helper-like innate lymphoid cell subsets","author":"CC Gross","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mult Scler"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-015-0335-3","article-title":"Interleukin-22 is increased in multiple sclerosis patients and targets astrocytes","volume":"12","author":"G Perriard","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0173780","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:40:29Z","timestamp":1588966829000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0173780"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Derya","family":"Unutmaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0173780","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,3,16]]}}}