{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T20:38:00Z","timestamp":1776371880904,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1491523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175125","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]],"date-time":"2017-04-07T18:06:42Z","timestamp":1491588402000},"page":"e0175125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Unintentional weight loss: Clinical characteristics and outcomes in a prospective cohort of 2677 patients"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Xavier","family":"Bosch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Moncl\u00fas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ona","family":"Escoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar","family":"Guerra-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neus","family":"Guasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alfons","family":"L\u00f3pez-Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2014.01.012","article-title":"Involuntary weight loss","volume":"98","author":"CJ Wong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2007.09.019","article-title":"Involuntary weight loss. Does a negative baseline evaluation provide adequate reassurance?","volume":"19","author":"C Metalidis","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(03)00115-3","article-title":"Clinical evaluation for cancer in patients with involuntary weight loss without specific symptoms","volume":"114","author":"JL Hern\u00e1ndez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-95-5-568","article-title":"Involuntary weight loss: diagnostic and prognostic significance","volume":"95","author":"KI Marton","year":"1981","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/S0953-6205(02)00032-8","article-title":"Assessing clinical probability of organic disease in patients with involuntary weight loss: a simple score","volume":"13","author":"J Bilbao-Garay","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1986.00360130224029","article-title":"Unintentional weight loss. A retrospective analysis of 154 cases","volume":"146","author":"M Rabinovitz","year":"1986","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1991.tb02496.x","article-title":"Unexplained weight loss in the ambulatory elderly","volume":"39","author":"MP Thompson","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.2001.00771.x","article-title":"Unintentional weight loss: diagnosis and prognosis. The first prospective follow-up study from a secondary referral centre","volume":"249","author":"P Lankisch","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.07.009","article-title":"Does this patient have cancer? The assessment of age, anemia, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in cancer as a cause of weight loss. A retrospective study based on a secondary care university hospital in Romania","volume":"17","author":"C Baicus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d1732","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d1732","article-title":"Investigation and management of unintentional weight loss in older adults","volume":"342","author":"J McMinn","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101471","article-title":"Unintentional weight loss in older adults","volume":"183","author":"S Stajkovic","year":"2011","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(11)62113-7","article-title":"Rational approach to patients with unintentional weight loss","volume":"76","author":"EP Bouras","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2005.01.004","article-title":"The diagnostic spectrum of unintentional weight loss","volume":"16","author":"S Vanderschueren","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Evans AT, Gupta R. Approach to the patient with unintentional weight loss. UpToDate. 2016. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/approach-to-the-patient-with-unintentional-weight-loss\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.uptodate.com\/contents\/approach-to-the-patient-with-unintentional-weight-loss<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"718","article-title":"Unintentional weight loss in older adults","volume":"89","author":"HL Gaddey","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"A3411","article-title":"Involuntary weight loss in elderly people","volume":"104","author":"C L\u00f6ser","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(10)70008-X","article-title":"Evaluating probability of cancer among older people with unexplained, unintentional weight loss","volume":"50","author":"SP Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2001.49258.x","article-title":"Weight change in old age and its association with mortality","volume":"49","author":"AB Newman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95286","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095286","article-title":"Cancer and involuntary weight loss: failure to validate a prediction score","volume":"9","author":"C Baicus","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"f2363","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.f2363","article-title":"Will austerity cuts dismantle the Spanish healthcare system?","volume":"346","author":"H Legido-Quigley","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.2190\/HS.44.1.c","article-title":"The painful effects of the financial crisis on Spanish health care","volume":"44","author":"X Bosch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Health Serv"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthpol.2014.10.020","article-title":"Reforming Spanish health care: a matter of survival","volume":"119","author":"X Bosch","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12087","article-title":"Should alternatives to conventional hospitalisation be promoted in an era of financial constraint?","volume":"43","author":"JM Peric\u00e1s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref24","article-title":"Health at a Glance: Europe","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"561","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis unit in a third level hospital. Descriptive study of the first year and a half","volume":"208","author":"M Rubio-Rivas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"157","article-title":"Inappropriate admissions and stays in internal medicine","volume":"118","author":"CM San Rom\u00e1n Ter\u00e1n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"653","article-title":"Characteristics of avoidable hospitalization in Spain","volume":"122","author":"S\u00e1nchez JL Alfonso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8510(00)00092-0","article-title":"Measuring appropriate use of acute beds. A systematic review of methods and results","volume":"53","author":"MS McDonagh","year":"2000","journal-title":"Health Policy"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1177\/014107680109401206","article-title":"Inappropriate admissions: thoughts of patients and referring doctors","volume":"94","author":"J Campbell","year":"2001","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02912.x","article-title":"Quick diagnosis units: a potentially useful alternative to conventional hospitalisation","volume":"191","author":"X Bosch","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"ref31","first-page":"247","article-title":"Quick and early diagnostic outpatient unit: an effective and efficient assistential model. Five years experience","volume":"123","author":"S Capell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e95","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000095","article-title":"Evaluation of unexplained peripheral lymphadenopathy and suspected malignancy using a distinct quick diagnostic delivery model: prospective study of 372 patients","volume":"93","author":"X Bosch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.20452\/pamw.1966","article-title":"A quick diagnosis unit as an alternative to conventional hospitalization in a tertiary public hospital: a descriptive study","volume":"123","author":"C Sanclemente-Ans\u00f3","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.931","article-title":"Quick diagnosis units versus hospitalization for the diagnosis of potentially severe diseases in Spain","volume":"7","author":"X Bosch","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1159\/000341658","article-title":"Comparison of quick diagnosis units and conventional hospitalization for the diagnosis of cancer in Spain: a descriptive cohort study","volume":"83","author":"X Bosch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2012.06.013","article-title":"Quick diagnosis units: avoiding referrals from primary care to the ED and hospitalizations","volume":"31","author":"X Bosch","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2296-15-75","article-title":"Primary care referrals of patients with potentially serious diseases to the emergency department or a quick diagnosis unit: a cross-sectional retrospective study","volume":"15","author":"X Bosch","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2011.02.013","article-title":"Quick diagnosis units or conventional hospitalisation for the diagnostic evaluation of severe anaemia: a paradigm shift in public health systems?","volume":"23","author":"X Bosch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.12287","article-title":"Diagnosing unexplained fever: can quick diagnosis units replace inpatient hospitalization?","volume":"44","author":"P Brito-Zer\u00f3n","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.12.015","article-title":"Cost-minimization analysis favors outpatient quick diagnosis unit over hospitalization for the diagnosis of potentially serious diseases","volume":"30","author":"C Sanclemente-Ans\u00f3","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1070-2","article-title":"Perception of quality of care of patients with potentially severe diseases evaluated at a distinct quick diagnostic delivery model: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"C Sanclemente-Ans\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Health Serv Res"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/jhm.2129","article-title":"Quick diagnosis units\u2014an effective alternative to hospitalization for diagnostic workup: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"S Gupta","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Hosp Med"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Cachexia: a new definition","volume":"27","author":"WJ Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1016\/0021-9681(87)90171-8","article-title":"A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation","volume":"40","author":"ME Charlson","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Chronic Dis"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(94)90129-5","article-title":"Validation of a combined comorbidity index","volume":"47","author":"M Charlson","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1300\/J018v05n01_09","article-title":"Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS): recent evidence and development of a shorter version","volume":"5","author":"JI Sheikh","year":"1986","journal-title":"Clin Gerontol"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1451","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1532-5415.2003.51465.x","article-title":"The Mini-Cog as a screen for dementia: validation in a population-based sample","volume":"51","author":"S Borson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/29.6.495","article-title":"The combination of bedside swallowing assessment and oxygen saturation monitoring of swallowing in acute stroke: a safe and humane screening tool","volume":"29","author":"HA Smith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2012.08.006","article-title":"Aspiration pneumonia in old patients with dementia. Prognostic factors of mortality","volume":"23","author":"X Bosch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10 Version: 2015). Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2015\/en#\/A18.2\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/apps.who.int\/classifications\/icd10\/browse\/2015\/en#\/A18.2<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00186-9","article-title":"Nutrition risk factors for institutionalization in a free-living functionally dependent elderly population","volume":"53","author":"H Payette","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref52","first-page":"R243","article-title":"Evidence for the anorexia of aging: gastrointestinal transit and hunger in healthy elderly vs. young adults","volume":"272","author":"WK Clarkston","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1994.tb06853.x","article-title":"Causes of weight loss in a community nursing home","volume":"42","author":"JE Morley","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.137.4.439","article-title":"Epidemiology of dysphoria and depression in an elderly population","volume":"137","author":"D Blazer","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref55","first-page":"20","article-title":"Physicians\u2019 attentiveness to medication use as etiology of weight loss","volume":"6","author":"RJ Goldeberg","year":"2005","journal-title":"Long term care interface"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-199609040-00001","article-title":"The role of medications in geriatric failure to thrive","volume":"9","author":"SM Carr-Lopez","year":"1996","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"ref57","first-page":"31","article-title":"Evaluation of weight loss in the elderly","volume":"44","author":"LJ Robbins","year":"1989","journal-title":"Geriatrics"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1993.tb07461.x","article-title":"Oral health problems and involuntary weight loss in a population of frail elderly","volume":"41","author":"DH Sullivan","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1994.11945824","article-title":"Evaluation of involuntary weight loss. Where do you start?","volume":"95","author":"GR Wise","year":"1994","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175125","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T21:25:39Z","timestamp":1750195539000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175125"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Wen-Chih Hank","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"editor","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175125","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,4,7]]}}}