{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T18:21:27Z","timestamp":1791397287237,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]],"date-time":"2017-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1494979200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/zero\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0175674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,18]],"date-time":"2017-05-18T18:48:42Z","timestamp":1495133322000},"page":"e0175674","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Multiple modality biomarker prediction of cognitive impairment in prospectively followed de novo Parkinson disease"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Caspell-Garcia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Simuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Duygu","family":"Tosun-Turgut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Wei","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mike","family":"Nalls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Singleton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leslie A.","family":"Shaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Hee","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John Q.","family":"Trojanowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Siderowf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Coffey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shirley","family":"Lasch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag","family":"Aarsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Burn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lana M.","family":"Chahine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto J.","family":"Espay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric D.","family":"Foster","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith A.","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Litvan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Richard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Weintraub","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the Parkinson\u2019s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f39d0e","article-title":"Mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: A multicenter pooled analysis","volume":"75","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.3.387","article-title":"Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study","volume":"60","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"},{"issue":"15","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002001","article-title":"Longitudinal study of normal cognition in Parkinson disease","volume":"85","author":"K Pigott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000338632.00552.cb","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in incident, untreated Parkinson disease: The Norwegian ParkWest Study","volume":"72","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23664","article-title":"Parkinson's disease: the quintessential neuropsychiatric disorder","volume":"26","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2011","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1916","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.10.1916","article-title":"Alpha-synuclein cortical Lewy bodies correlate with dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"54","author":"H Hurtig","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1007\/s007020200027","article-title":"Impact of coexistent Alzheimer pathology on the natural history of Parkinson's disease","volume":"109","author":"K Jellinger","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Neural Transmission"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181b0bd3d","article-title":"Cholinergic denervation occurs early in Parkinson's disease","volume":"73","author":"N Bohnen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/S0149-7634(02)00065-9","article-title":"Functional imaging studies of dopamine system and cognition in normal aging and Parkinson's disease","volume":"26","author":"V Kaasinen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.5.986","article-title":"The locus ceruleus and dementia in Parkinson's disease","volume":"43","author":"R Zweig","year":"1993","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24946","article-title":"Genetic influences on cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"J Morley","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-0756-5","article-title":"The BDNF Val66<\/sup>Met polymorphism has a gender specific influence on planning ability in Parkinson's disease","volume":"252","author":"T Foltynie","year":"2005","journal-title":"Journal of Neurology"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm313","article-title":"Attentional control in Parkinson's disease is dependent on COMT val158<\/sup>met genotype","volume":"131","author":"C Williams-Gray","year":"2008","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2958","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp245","article-title":"The distinct cognitive syndromes of Parkinson's disease: 5 year follow-up of the CamPaIGN cohort","volume":"132","author":"C Williams-Gray","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh088","article-title":"Cerebral atrophy in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia: A comparison with Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and controls","volume":"127","author":"E Burton","year":"2004","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A1556","article-title":"White matter involvement in idiopathic Parkinson disease: a diffusion tensor imaging study","volume":"30","author":"G Gattellaro","year":"2009","journal-title":"American Journal of Neuroradiology"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2011.09.005","article-title":"The Parkinson Progression Marker Initiative (PPMI)","volume":"95","author":"K Marek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Progress in Neurobiology"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26170","article-title":"Cognitive performance and neuropsychiatric symptoms in early, untreated Parkinson's disease","volume":"30","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2015","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.24893","article-title":"Diagnostic criteria for mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease: Movement Disorder Society Task Force Guidelines","volume":"27","author":"I Litvan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fc29c9","article-title":"The MoCA: well-suited screen for cognitive impairment in Parkinson disease","volume":"75","author":"J Dalrymple-Alford","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.21507","article-title":"Clinical diagnostic criteria for dementia associated with Parkinson's disease","volume":"22","author":"M Emre","year":"2007","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-016-1552-2","article-title":"CSF biomarkers associated with disease heterogeneity in early Parkinson's disease: the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative study","volume":"131","author":"JH Kang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.01.021","article-title":"FreeSurfer","volume":"62","author":"B Fischl","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2012.02.084","article-title":"Within-subject template estimation for unbiased longitudinal image analysis","volume":"61","author":"M Reuter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1885","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26325","article-title":"Diffusion imaging of nigral alterations in early Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic deficits","volume":"30","author":"N Schuff","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Evans A, Collins D, Mills S, Brown E, Kelly R, Peters T, editors. 3D Statistical Neuroanatomical Models from 305 MRI Volumes. Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference; 1993 1993."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.01.002","article-title":"Atlas-based whole brain white matter analysis using large deformation diffeomorphic metric mapping: application to normal elderly and Alzheimer's disease participants","volume":"46","author":"K Oishi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.021","article-title":"An automated labeling system for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on MRI scans into gyral based regions of interest","volume":"31","author":"RS Desikan","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26374","article-title":"Baseline genetic associations in the Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI)","volume":"31","author":"M Nalls","year":"2016","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2649","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23429","article-title":"Systematic review of levodopa dose equivalency reporting in Parkinson's disease","volume":"25","author":"C Tomlinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000066","article-title":"Characterizing mild cognitive impairment in incident Parkinson disease: The ICICLE-PD Study","volume":"82","author":"A Yarnall","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm111","article-title":"Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson's disease cohort","volume":"130","author":"C Williams-Gray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25157","article-title":"Dopamine transporter imaging is associated with long-term outcomes in Parkinson's disease","volume":"27","author":"B Ravina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2014.2757","article-title":"Frequency of cholinergic and caudate nucleus dopaminergic deficits across the predemented cognitive spectrum of Parkinson disease and evidence of interaction effects","volume":"72","author":"NI Bohnen","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125312470130","article-title":"Acute and chronic cognitive effects of levodopa and dopamine agonists on patients with Parkinson's disease: a review","volume":"3","author":"M Poletti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181f39a78","article-title":"CSF amyloid B<\/italic> 1\u201342 predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease","volume":"75","author":"A Siderowf","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"1784","key":"ref37","first-page":"1790","article-title":"CSF A-Beta42<\/sub> predicts early-onset dementia in Parkinson disease","volume":"82","author":"G Alves","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.155","article-title":"Cerebrospinal fluid levels of B-amyloid 1\u201342, but not of tau, are fully changed already 5 to 10 years before the onset of Alzheimer dementia","volume":"69","author":"P Buchhave","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-010-0744-4","article-title":"Heterogeneous neuropathological findings in Parkinson's disease with mild cognitive impairment","volume":"120","author":"C Adler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26590","article-title":"Patterns of cortical thinning in nondemented Parkinson's disease patients","volume":"31","author":"C Uribe","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr031","article-title":"Lewy- and Alzeheimer-type pathologies in Parkinson's disease dementia: which is more important?","volume":"134","author":"Y Compta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr277","article-title":"Alzheimer's disease pattern of brain atrophy predicts cognitive decline in Parkinson's disease","volume":"135","author":"D Weintraub","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26312","article-title":"Gray and white matter imagine: a biomarker for cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease?","volume":"31","author":"G Duncan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20118","article-title":"Planning ability in Parkinson's disease is influenced by the COMT Val158<\/sup>Met polymorphism","volume":"19","author":"T Foltynie","year":"2004","journal-title":"Movement Disorders"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605 e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2014.08.023","article-title":"BDNF polymorphism associates with decline in set shifting in Parkinson's disease","volume":"36","author":"NM van der Kolk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2013.600","article-title":"APOE<\/italic> E4 increases risk for dementia in pure synulceinopathies","volume":"70","author":"D Tsuang","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Neurology"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2011.17","article-title":"Dementia risk in Parkinson disease: Disentangling the role of MAPT haplotypes","volume":"68","author":"N Seto-Salvia","year":"2011","journal-title":"Archives of Neurology"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175674","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,24]],"date-time":"2018-10-24T04:21:20Z","timestamp":1540354880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175674"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Ginsberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0175674","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,17]]}}}