{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:12:25Z","timestamp":1791349945036,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"German Science Foundation (DFG)","award":["BO1550\/19-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BO1550\/19-1"]}]},{"name":"German Science Foundation (DFG)","award":["WI1828\/4-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WI1828\/4-2"]}]},{"name":"United Bulgarian Bank"},{"name":"European Union, SYNTHESIS","award":["AT-TAF-2283 and GB-TAF-1678"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AT-TAF-2283 and GB-TAF-1678"]}]},{"name":"Special Account for Research Grants of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens","award":["70\/3\/9494, 70\/3\/10437, 70\/4\/3570, 70\/4\/11078 and 70\/3\/12977"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["70\/3\/9494, 70\/3\/10437, 70\/4\/3570, 70\/4\/11078 and 70\/3\/12977"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T13:37:53Z","timestamp":1495460273000},"page":"e0177347","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":84,"title":["Messinian age and savannah environment of the possible hominin Graecopithecus from Europe"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2100-6164","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Madelaine","family":"B\u00f6hme","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolai","family":"Spassov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Denis","family":"Geraads","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Latinka","family":"Hristova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uwe","family":"Kirscher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine","family":"K\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulf","family":"Linnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Prieto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Socrates","family":"Roussiakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Theodorou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregor","family":"Uhlig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Winklhofer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7388","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10842","article-title":"Insights into hominid evolution from the gorilla genome sequence","volume":"483","author":"A Scally","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"7589","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16510","article-title":"New geological and palaeontological age constraint for the gorilla\u2013human lineage split","volume":"530","author":"S Katoh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20329","article-title":"European Miocene Hominids and the Origin of the African Ape and Human Clade","volume":"21","author":"DR Begun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2011.10.008","article-title":"A hominid tooth from Bulgaria: The last pre-human hominid of continental Europe","volume":"62","author":"N Spassov","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"key":"ref5","article-title":"Potential hominin affinities of Graecopithecus from the late Miocene of Europe","author":"J Fuss","journal-title":"PlosOne"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"7","article-title":"Die Pikermifauna von Tour la Reine","volume":"3","author":"Freyberg Bv","year":"1949","journal-title":"Annales G\u00e9ologiques des Pays Hell\u00e9niques"},{"key":"ref7","first-page":"307","article-title":"Fossile \u00dcberreste von einem Affensch\u00e4del und anderen S\u00e4ugethierreste aus Griechenland","volume":"8","author":"A Wagner","year":"1839","journal-title":"Gelehrte Anzeiger der Bayerische Akademie der Wiessenschaften"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2006TC002007","article-title":"Disruption of the Hellenic arc: Late Miocene extensional detachment faults and steep Pliocene-Quaternary normal faults\u2014Or what happened at Corinth?","volume":"26","author":"DJ Papanikolaou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Tectonics"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"65","article-title":"Das Neogen Gebiet nordwestlich Athen","volume":"3","author":"Freyberg Bv","year":"1950","journal-title":"Annales G\u00e9ologiques des Pays Hell\u00e9niques"},{"key":"ref10","article-title":"Geological and paleogeographical study of the continental Neogene and Quaternary deposits of NE Attica and SE Beotia","author":"AI Mettos","year":"1992"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"40","article-title":"Geological, geomorphological and tectonic structure of NE Attica and seismic hazard implications for the northern edge of the Athens plain","author":"D Papanikolaou","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece"},{"key":"ref12","first-page":"664","article-title":"Zur Kenntnis neogener S\u00fcsswasserfaunen in Attika (Griechenland)","volume":"29","author":"A Papp","year":"1979","journal-title":"Annales G\u00e9ologiques Pays Hell\u00e9niques"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1144\/GSL.SP.2000.173.01.16","article-title":"Cenozoic extension in Bulgaria and northern Greece: the northern part of the Aegean extensional regime","volume":"173","author":"CB Burchfiel","year":"2000","journal-title":"Geological Society, London, Special Publications"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"49","article-title":"Lithostratigraphy of the Oligocene and Neogene sediments in Plovdiv and Pazardzik districts","volume":"11","author":"E Kojumdgieva","year":"1979","journal-title":"Paleontol Stratigr Lithol"},{"key":"ref15","first-page":"65","article-title":"Paleogeography of the Neogene in Plovdiv and Pazardzik districts","volume":"14","author":"L Dragomanov","year":"1981","journal-title":"Palaeontology, Stratigraphy and Lithology"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quageo.2015.05.012","article-title":"Authigenic Be as a tool to date river terrace sediments?\u2013An example from a Late Miocene hominid locality in Bulgaria","volume":"29","author":"M Schaller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary Geochronology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-38.x","article-title":"Comparison of laser grain size analysis with pipette and sieve analysis: a solution for the underestimation of the clay fraction","volume":"44","author":"M Konert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"key":"ref18","article-title":"Atlas of quartz sand surface textures","author":"DH Krinsley","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"973","article-title":"Grain surface texture","volume":"53","author":"K Pye","year":"1983","journal-title":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/0277-3791(95)00047-X","article-title":"The nature, origin and accumulation of loess","volume":"14","author":"K Pye","year":"1995","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"ref21","article-title":"Atlas of sand grain surface textures and applications","author":"WC Mahaney","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.3402\/tellusa.v14i1.9530","article-title":"Indirect evidence of the importance of water-soluble continentally derived aerosols","volume":"14","author":"AW Gambell","year":"1962","journal-title":"Tellus"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhydrol.2008.06.028","article-title":"Using the Cl\/Br ratio as a tracer to identify the origin of salinity in aquifers in Spain and Portugal","volume":"359","author":"FJ Alcal\u00e1","year":"2008","journal-title":"Journal of Hydrology"},{"issue":"17","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8883","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-14-8883-2014","article-title":"Long-term chemical characterization of tropical and marine aerosols at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory (CVAO) from 2007 to 2011","volume":"14","author":"KW Fomba","year":"2014","journal-title":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref25","first-page":"1","article-title":"The SushiBar: An automated system for paleomagnetic investigations","volume":"13","author":"MR Wack","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02601.x","article-title":"The least-squares line and plane and the analysis of palaeomagnetic data","volume":"62","author":"JL Kirschvink","year":"1980","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"The Geologic Time Scale","author":"FJ Hilgen","year":"2012"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1051\/0004-6361:20041335","article-title":"A long-term numerical solution for the insolation quantities of the Earth","volume":"428","author":"J Laskar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Astronomy & Astrophysics"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2015.01.008","article-title":"Mediterranean climate and oceanography, and the periodic development of anoxic events (sapropels)","volume":"143","author":"EJ Rohling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2015.06.008","article-title":"Precession and obliquity forcing of the freshwater budget over the Mediterranean","volume":"123","author":"JHC Bosmans","year":"2015","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-555X(97)00036-6","article-title":"Relative-age relationships of debris flow deposits in the Southern Blue Ridge, North Carolina","volume":"21","author":"J Liebens","year":"1997","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geomorph.2007.03.011","article-title":"Holocene debris-flow deposits and their implications on the climate in the upper Jinsha River valley, China","volume":"93","author":"J Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Geomorphology"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mci172","article-title":"International Code for Phytolith Nomenclature 1.0","volume":"96","author":"M Madella","year":"2005","journal-title":"Annals of Botany"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"Orgetta M. Erste Ergebnisse einer palynologischen Untersuchung der Lignite von Pikermi\/Attika. Ann Geol Pays Hellen. 1979;VII International Congress on Mediterranean Neogene(2):909\u201321."},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Atlas of pollen and spores of the Polish Neogene","author":"L Stuchlik","year":"2001"},{"key":"ref36","article-title":"Animaux fossiles et g\u00e9ologie de l&apos;Attique","volume":"2","author":"A Gaudry","year":"1862"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"125","article-title":"Ausgrabungen in Pikermi bei Athen, Griechenland","volume":"77","author":"N Symeonidis","year":"1973","journal-title":"Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Neue Funde aus Pikermi (Attika, Griechenland) und eine allgemeine geologische \u00dcbersicht dieses pal\u00e4ontologischen Raumes","volume":"26","author":"G Marinos","year":"1974","journal-title":"Annales G\u00e9ologiques des Pays Hell\u00e9niques"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Katsikatsos G, Mettos A, Vidakis M, Dounas A. Geological map of Greece,\u201cAthinai-Elefsis\u201d sheet, scale 1: 50.000: IGME Publications; 1986."},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Geological reconnaissance of the Rafina lignite basin","volume":"18","author":"G Marinos","year":"1955","journal-title":"Geological Reconnaissance"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2015.03.016","article-title":"Cooling Mediterranean Sea surface temperatures during the Late Miocene provide a climate context for evolutionary transitions in Africa and Eurasia","volume":"419","author":"A Tzanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsl.2009.03.010","article-title":"The upper Tortonian\u2013lower Messinian at Monte dei Corvi (Northern Apennines, Italy): Completing a Mediterranean reference section for the Tortonian Stage","volume":"282","author":"SK H\u00fcsing","year":"2009","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(88)90072-6","article-title":"The combined analysis of remagnetization circles and direct observations in palaeomagnetism","volume":"87","author":"P McFadden","year":"1988","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-4832-2894-5.50049-5","article-title":"AC demagnetization of rocks: analysis of results","volume":"3","author":"J Zijderveld","year":"1967","journal-title":"Methods in paleomagnetism"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1956.tb05561.x","article-title":"A test for randomness of directions","volume":"7","author":"G Watson","year":"1956","journal-title":"Geophysical Supplements to the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1990.tb05683.x","article-title":"Classification of the reversal test in palaeomagnetism","volume":"103","author":"PL McFadden","year":"1990","journal-title":"Geophysical Journal International"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Konidaris G. Palaeontological and biostratigraphical study of the Neogene Proboscidea from Greece. Unpublished PhD thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki. 2013."},{"key":"ref48","article-title":"Nouveaux Elephantoidea (Mammalia) dans le Mioc\u00e8ne du Kenya","author":"P Tassy","year":"1986"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"153","article-title":"The Turolian proboscideans (Mammalia) of Europe: preliminary observations","volume":"19","author":"G Markov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Historia naturalis bulgarica"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"595","article-title":"Asian neogene mammal biostratigraphy and chronology","author":"G Koufos","year":"2013"},{"key":"ref51","first-page":"109","article-title":"Mammalian remains from a new site near the classical locality of Pikermi (Attica, Greece)","volume":"99","author":"GE Theodorou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Scientific Annals, School of Geology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-821X(95)00207-S","article-title":"Extending the astronomical (polarity) time scale into the Miocene","volume":"136","author":"FJ Hilgen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/S0012-821X(00)00247-8","article-title":"Integrated stratigraphy and astrochronology of the Messinian GSSP at Oued Akrech (Atlantic Morocco)","volume":"182","author":"FJ Hilgen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2013.03.001","article-title":"Grain size of fine-grained windblown sediment: A powerful proxy for process identification","volume":"121","author":"J Vandenberghe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2016.01.006","article-title":"The physics of wind-blown loess: Implications for grain size proxy interpretations in Quaternary paleoclimate studies","volume":"154","author":"G \u00dajv\u00e1ri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"key":"ref56","first-page":"1","article-title":"Les vert\u00e9br\u00e9s du Turolien moyen du Mont Luberon \u00e0 Cucuron (Vaucluse)","volume":"1","author":"C Gu\u00e9rin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Bull Soc Et Sci nat Vaucluse"},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Dietze M, Dietze E. A flexible open-source toolbox for robust end-member modelling analysis-The R-package EMMAgeo. EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts2013. p. 2779."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.precamres.2013.08.007","article-title":"The Cadomian Orogen: Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian crustal growth and orogenic zoning along the periphery of the West African Craton\u2014Constraints from U\u2013Pb zircon ages and Hf isotopes (Schwarzburg Antiform, Germany)","volume":"244","author":"U Linnemann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Precambrian Research"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earscirev.2012.02.007","article-title":"The Cambrian to Devonian odyssey of the Brabant Massif within Avalonia: A review with new zircon ages, geochemistry, Sm\u2013Nd isotopes, stratigraphy and palaeogeography","volume":"112","author":"U Linnemann","year":"2012","journal-title":"Earth-Science Reviews"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lithos.2011.01.010","article-title":"Sands of West Gondwana: An archive of secular magmatism and plate interactions\u2014A case study from the Cambro-Ordovician section of the Tassili Ouan Ahaggar (Algerian Sahara) using U\u2013Pb\u2013LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon ages","volume":"123","author":"U Linnemann","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lithos"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gr.2013.05.018","article-title":"Plate interactions of Laurussia and Gondwana during the formation of Pangaea\u2014Constraints from U\u2013Pb LA\u2013SF\u2013ICP\u2013MS detrital zircon ages of Devonian and Early Carboniferous siliciclastics of the Rhenohercynian zone, Central European Variscides","volume":"25","author":"K Eckelmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gondwana Research"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2803","DOI":"10.1002\/hyp.6072","article-title":"Groundwater quality in Mesogea basin in eastern Attica (Greece)","volume":"20","author":"G Stamatis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hydrological Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3091.1966.tb01898.x","article-title":"Sedimentary characteristics and climatic analysis of easterly dust storms in the Negev (Israel)","volume":"6","author":"DH Yaalon","year":"1966","journal-title":"Sedimentology"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jafrearsci.2012.11.007","article-title":"U\u2013Pb LA-ICP-MS detrital zircon ages from the Cambrian of Al Qarqaf Arch, central-western Libya: Provenance of the West Gondwanan sand sea at the dawn of the early Palaeozoic","volume":"79","author":"MM Altumi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of African Earth Sciences"},{"key":"ref65","article-title":"Desert dust in the global system","author":"A Goudie","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref66","article-title":"The Ecology of Smoke Particulates and Charcoal Residues from Forest and Grassland Fires: A Preliminary Atlas","author":"E Komarek","year":"1973"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1130\/B30401.1","article-title":"Pedogenic carbonate stable isotope record of environmental change during the Neogene in the southern Great Plains, southwest Kansas, USA: carbon isotopes and the evolution of C4-dominated grasslands","volume":"124","author":"DL Fox","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geological Society of America Bulletin"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2000.0431","article-title":"Paleosols, stable carbon isotopes, and paleoenvironmental interpretation of Kanapoi, Northern Kenya","volume":"39","author":"JG Wynn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Human Evolution"},{"issue":"7358","key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10306","article-title":"Woody cover and hominin environments in the past 6 million years","volume":"476","author":"TE Cerling","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2\u20134","key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2006.10.012","article-title":"Comparative study of modern phytolith assemblages from inter-tropical Africa","volume":"246","author":"D Barboni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1086\/674530","article-title":"Is the &quot;savanna hypothesis&quot; a dead concept for explaining the emergence of the earliest hominins?","volume":"55","author":"M Dominguez-Rodrigo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Current Anthropology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gloplacha.2004.09.002","article-title":"A phytolith index as a proxy of tree cover density in tropical areas: calibration with Leaf Area Index along a forest\u2013savanna transect in southeastern Cameroon","volume":"45","author":"L Bremond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Global and Planetary Change"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1466-8238.2012.00769.x","article-title":"Fuel shapes the fire\u2013climate relationship: evidence from Mediterranean ecosystems","volume":"21","author":"JG Pausas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e76514","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0076514","article-title":"Dynamics of green Sahara periods and their role in hominin evolution","volume":"8","author":"JC Larrasoa\u00f1a","year":"2013","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref75","first-page":"436","article-title":"The Evolution of Neogene Terrestrial Ecosystems in Europe","author":"N Solounias","year":"1999"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.palaeo.2007.02.012","article-title":"The spread of grass-dominated habitats in Turkey and surrounding areas during the Cenozoic: Phytolith evidence","volume":"250","author":"CAE Str\u00f6mberg","year":"2007","journal-title":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9765","article-title":"Antarctic glacio-eustatic contributions to late Miocene Mediterranean desiccation and reflooding","volume":"6","author":"C Ohneiser","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature communications"},{"key":"ref78","article-title":"Late Miocene global cooling and the rise of modern ecosystems","author":"TD Herbert","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"issue":"7518","key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13705","article-title":"Aridification of the Sahara desert caused by Tethys Sea shrinkage during the Late Miocene","volume":"513","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tecto.2013.09.003","article-title":"Synchronous deformation on orogenic plateau margins: Insights from the Arabia\u2013Eurasia collision","volume":"608","author":"S Madanipour","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"issue":"5762","key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1120161","article-title":"The Age of the Sahara Desert","volume":"311","author":"M Schuster","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6894","key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1038\/nature00880","article-title":"Geology and palaeontology of the Upper Miocene Toros-Menalla hominid locality, Chad","volume":"418","author":"P Vignaud","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8325","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0832467100","article-title":"The Sahara as a vicariant agent, and the role of Miocene climatic events, in the diversification of the mammalian order Macroscelidea (elephant shrews)","volume":"100","author":"CJ Douady","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref84","article-title":"Studying fossil horses","author":"V Eisenmann","year":"1988"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref85","first-page":"43","article-title":"Les <italic>Tragoportax<\/italic> (Bovidae, Mammalia) des gisements du Mioc\u00e8ne sup\u00e9rieur de Dytiko (Mac\u00e9doine, Gr\u00e8ce)","volume":"74","author":"G Bouvrain","year":"1988","journal-title":"Ann Pal\u00e9ont"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T08:14:10Z","timestamp":1589012050000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177347"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Roberto","family":"Macchiarelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]},"references-count":85,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]}}}