{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T14:16:48Z","timestamp":1785161808260,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495411200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (USAID\/OFDA)"},{"name":"Fulbright Foreign Student Program"},{"name":"P.E.O. Foundation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0177943","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]],"date-time":"2017-05-22T18:28:54Z","timestamp":1495477734000},"page":"e0177943","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":50,"title":["Selection of a Biosafety Level 1 (BSL-1) surrogate to evaluate surface disinfection efficacy in Ebola outbreaks: Comparison of four bacteriophages"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6412-1483","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Karin","family":"Gallandat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Lantagne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"57","article-title":"Encyclopedia of Virology","author":"KS Brown","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92000-1","article-title":"Isolation and partial characterisation of a new virus causing acute haemorrhagic fever in Zaire","volume":"309","author":"KM Johnson","year":"1977","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Ebola situation report [Internet]. 30 Mar 2016 [cited 9 Sep 2016]. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/ebola\/current-situation\/ebola-situation-report-30-march-2016<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1546","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001546","article-title":"Ebola and Marburg hemorrhagic fevers: neglected tropical diseases?","volume":"6","author":"A MacNeil","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S142","DOI":"10.1086\/520545","article-title":"Assessment of the Risk of Ebola Virus Transmission from Bodily Fluids and Fomites","volume":"196","author":"DG Bausch","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S177","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw254","article-title":"Ebola Virus Shedding and Transmission: Review of Current Evidence","volume":"214","author":"P Vetter","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0911.030339","article-title":"Ebola hemorrhagic fever transmission and risk factors of contacts, Uganda","volume":"9","author":"P Francesconi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0148476","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0148476","article-title":"Differences in the comparative stability of Ebola virus Makona-C05 and Yambuku-Mayinga in blood","volume":"11","author":"M Schuit","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Manual for the care and management of patients in Ebola care units. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 9 Sep 2016]. http:\/\/www.who.int\/csr\/resources\/publications\/ebola\/patient-care-CCUs\/en\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim Guidance for Environmental Infection Control in Hospitals for Ebola Virus. [Internet]. 2015 [cited 9 Sep 2016]. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/healthcare-us\/cleaning\/hospitals.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Interim Recommendations for Cleaning Houses Safely in West Africa Ebola-Affected Areas after Persons with Symptoms of Ebola are Transferred to Ebola Treatment Units or Community Care Centers. [Internet]. 2014 [cited 7 Sep 2016]. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/hcp\/cleaning-houses-safely-in-west-africa.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"M\u00e9decins Sans Fronti\u00e8res (MSF). Filovirus haemorrhagic fever guideline. [Internet]. 2008 [cited 9 Sep 2016]. https:\/\/www.medbox.org\/ebola-guidelines\/filovirus-haemorrhagic-fever-guideline\/preview<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO), UNICEF. Ebola virus disease (EVD): key questions and answers concerning water, sanitation and hygiene. [Internet]. 2014 [cited 9 Sep 2016]. http:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/handle\/10665\/137181<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1021\/ez5003715","article-title":"Ebola Virus Persistence in the Environment: State of the Knowledge and Research Needs","volume":"2","author":"K Bibby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.06582-11","article-title":"Criteria for Selection of Surrogates Used To Study the Fate and Control of Pathogens in the Environment","volume":"78","author":"RG Sinclair","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2009.11.017","article-title":"Optimal preparation and purification of PRD1-like bacteriophages for use in environmental fate and transport studies","volume":"44","author":"MMF Mesquita","year":"2010","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"ref17","article-title":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences","author":"W Lucas","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref18","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease)\u2014Interim Guidance for Environmental Infection Control in Hospitals for Ebola Virus [Internet]. 2014. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/vhf\/ebola\/healthcare-us\/cleaning\/hospitals.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1039\/C5EW00125K","article-title":"Emerging investigators series: the source and fate of pandemic viruses in the urban water cycle","volume":"1","author":"KR Wigginton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Env Sci Water Res Technol"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12069","DOI":"10.1021\/es3029473","article-title":"Virus Inactivation Mechanisms: Impact of Disinfectants on Virus Function and Structural Integrity","volume":"46","author":"KR Wigginton","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4584","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b00301","article-title":"Analysis of the Viral Replication Cycle of Adenovirus Serotype 2 after Inactivation by Free Chlorine","volume":"49","author":"AM Gall","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2035","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0791-0","article-title":"Persistence in darkness of virulent alphaviruses, Ebola virus, and Lassa virus deposited on solid surfaces","volume":"155","author":"J-L Sagripanti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"1531","article-title":"The survival of filoviruses in liquids, on solid substrates and in a dynamic aerosol: Survival of filoviruses","author":"TJ Piercy","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.3390\/v7041975","article-title":"Evaluating Environmental Persistence and Disinfection of the Ebola Virus Makona Variant","volume":"7","author":"B Cook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38293","DOI":"10.1038\/srep38293","article-title":"The Disinfection Characteristics of Ebola Virus Outbreak Variants","volume":"6","author":"BWM Cook","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-706X(03)00120-7","article-title":"Inactivation of Ebola virus with a surfactant nanoemulsion","volume":"87","author":"A Chepurnov","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-010-0847-1","article-title":"Sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation of Lassa, vaccinia, and Ebola viruses dried on surfaces","volume":"156","author":"J-L Sagripanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Poranen MM, Bamford DH, Oksanen HM. Membrane-Containing Bacteriophages. In: eLS [Internet]. 14 Apr 2015 [cited 20 Aug 2016]. http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/9780470015902.a0000779.pub3<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.12870","article-title":"Comparison of the virucidal efficacy of peracetic acid, potassium monopersulphate and sodium hypochlorite on bacteriophages P001 and MS2","volume":"119","author":"T Morin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.50.4.401-427.1986","article-title":"Ff coliphages: structural and functional relationships","volume":"50","author":"I Rasched","year":"1986","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"Encyclopedia of Virology","author":"HD Klenk","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.5b00029","article-title":"Inactivation of an Enveloped Surrogate Virus in Human Sewage","volume":"2","author":"LM Casanova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.6b00105","article-title":"Partitioning of Viruses in Wastewater Systems and Potential for Aerosolization","volume":"3","author":"M Titcombe Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5077","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.6b00876","article-title":"Survivability, Partitioning, and Recovery of Enveloped Viruses in Untreated Municipal Wastewater","volume":"50","author":"Y Ye","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1080\/10934520903217054","article-title":"The use of bacteriophages of the family Cystoviridae as surrogates for H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in persistence and inactivation studies","volume":"44","author":"NJ Adcock","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Environ Sci Health Part A"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2522","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5b04713","article-title":"Characterizing Bacteriophage PR772 as a Potential Surrogate for Adenovirus in Water Disinfection: A Comparative Analysis of Inactivation Kinetics and Replication Cycle Inhibition by Free Chlorine","volume":"50","author":"AM Gall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.6966","article-title":"Bacteriophages","author":"MH Adams","year":"1959"},{"key":"ref38","article-title":"Advances in biological tracer techniques for hydrology and hydrogeology using bacteriophages","author":"P Rossi","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"ASTM International. Standard Quantitative Disk Carrier Test Method for Determining Bactericidal, Virucidal, Fungicidal, Mycobactericidal, and Sporicidal Activities of Chemicals. 2011."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/492180a","article-title":"Research methods: Know when your numbers are significant","volume":"492","author":"DL Vaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7769","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02144-12","article-title":"Residual Viral and Bacterial Contamination of Surfaces after Cleaning and Disinfection","volume":"78","author":"E Tuladhar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7915","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01370-12","article-title":"Evaluation of Sample Recovery Efficiency for Bacteriophage P22 on Fomites","volume":"78","author":"AB Herzog","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-130","article-title":"How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"A Kramer","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Virus survival in the environment with special attention to survival in sewage droplets and other environmental media of fecal or respiratory origin","volume":"70","author":"MD Sobsey","year":"2003","journal-title":"Rep World Health Organ Geneva Switz"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177943","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,28]],"date-time":"2022-07-28T20:01:27Z","timestamp":1659038487000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177943"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Galdiero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0177943","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,22]]}}}