{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T23:02:37Z","timestamp":1792018957480,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1495670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000024","name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOP-130489"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOP-130489"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000024","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0178043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]],"date-time":"2017-05-25T17:35:21Z","timestamp":1495733721000},"page":"e0178043","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":383,"title":["Transgender-inclusive measures of sex\/gender for population surveys: Mixed-methods evaluation and recommendations"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Greta R.","family":"Bauer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Braimoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayden I.","family":"Scheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoffer","family":"Dharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","article-title":"Asking questions","author":"N Bradburn","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref2","first-page":"1","article-title":"How many adults identify as transgender in the United States?","author":"AR Flores","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10042","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00684-X","article-title":"Global health burden and needs of transgender populations: a review","volume":"388","author":"SL Reisner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref4","first-page":"59","article-title":"What a difference sex and gender make","author":"GR Bauer","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"289","article-title":"International handbook on the demography of sexuality","author":"SLC Meier","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1215\/23289252-2848877","article-title":"\u201cCounting\u201d transgender and gender-nonconforming adults in health research: recommendations from the Gender Identity in US Surveillance Group","volume":"2","author":"SL Reisner","year":"2015","journal-title":"TSQ: Transgender Studies Quarterly"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Australian Bureau of Statistics. Standard for sex and gender variables, 2016. Canberra (AU); 2016. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats%5Cabs@.nsf\/0\/90A4657973B17E99CA257F4C00170BFE?Opendocument\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.abs.gov.au\/ausstats%5Cabs@.nsf\/0\/90A4657973B17E99CA257F4C00170BFE?Opendocument<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1917","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302659","article-title":"HIV testing by transgender status at Centers for Disease Control and prevention-funded sites in the United States, Puerto Rico, and US Virgin Islands, 2009\u20132011","volume":"105","author":"N Habarta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"ref9","unstructured":"Jans M, Grant D, Park R, Kil J, Viana J, Lordi N, et al. Using verbal paradata monitoring and behavior coding to pilot test gender identity questions in the California Health Interview Survey: the role of qualitative and quantitative feedback. Proceedings of the American Association for Public Opinion Research Annual Conference; 2015 May 14; Hollywood (FL)."},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Statistics New Zealand. Statistical standard for gender identity. 2015. p. 1\u201310."},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","first-page":"19","article-title":"Pap smear utilization in Canada: estimates after adjusting the eligible population for hysterectomy status","volume":"19","author":"JA Snider","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chron Dis Inj Can"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyg156","article-title":"Genders, sexes, and health: what are the connections\u2013and why does it matter?","volume":"32","author":"N Krieger","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref13","article-title":"Survey research methods","author":"FJ Fowler Jr","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref14","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recommendations for inclusive data collection of trans people in HIV prevention, care &amp; services","author":"LA Sausa","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref15","article-title":"Mail and internet surveys","author":"DA Dillman","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref16","article-title":"Survey methodology","author":"RM Groves","year":"2009"},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Public Religion Research Institute. PRRI Religion and Politics Tracking Survey. Washington (DC); 2011. p. 1\u20135. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.prri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/PRRI-RPTS-Transgender-Issues-Topline-Aug-Sep-Combined.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.prri.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/PRRI-RPTS-Transgender-Issues-Topline-Aug-Sep-Combined.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"44","article-title":"Best practices for asking questions to identify transgender and other gender minority respondents on population-based surveys","author":"Scout Nfn","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref19","article-title":"Injustice at every turn: a report of the National Transgender Discrimination Survey","author":"JM Grant","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2014.893553","article-title":"Sex and gender diversity among transgender persons in Ontario, Canada: results from a respondent-driven sampling survey","volume":"52","author":"AI Scheim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1080\/00224499.2012.690110","article-title":"A two-question method for assessing gender categories in the social and medical sciences","volume":"50","author":"CC Tate","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Sex Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1080\/15299716.2016.1261266","article-title":"Two-spirit and bisexual people: different umbrella, same rain","volume":"17","author":"M Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Bisex"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1224","article-title":"Monitoring the health of transgender and other gender minority populations: validity of natal sex and gender identity survey items in a U.S. national cohort of young adults","volume":"14","author":"SL Reisner","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"1","article-title":"Best practices for asking questions to identify transgender and other gender minority respondents on population-based surveys","author":"JL Herman","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref25","first-page":"9","article-title":"Best practices for asking questions to identify transgender and other gender minority respondents on population-based surveys","author":"KJ Conron","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s13178-016-0220-6","article-title":"The utility of the two-step gender measure within trans and cis populations","volume":"13","author":"EL Lombardi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sex Res Social Policy"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1007\/s10508-014-0314-2","article-title":"Using a two-step method to measure transgender identity in Latin America\/the Caribbean, Portugal, and Spain","volume":"43","author":"SL Reisner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Sex Behav"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Canadian Partnership for Tomorrow Project, Questionnaire Team. Ontario Health Study\u2013Baseline Questionnaire [online questionnaire]. 2010."},{"key":"ref29","unstructured":"Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey questionnaire [online questionnaire]. 2013. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb-bmdi\/instrument\/3226_Q1_V10-eng.pdf\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www23.statcan.gc.ca\/imdb-bmdi\/instrument\/3226_Q1_V10-eng.pdf<\/ext-link>"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02579.x","article-title":"Cognitive interviewing: verbal data in the design and pretesting of questionnaires","volume":"42","author":"J Drennan","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050801948102","article-title":"What is &apos;sex&apos; exactly? Using cognitive interviewing to improve the validity of sexual behaviour reporting among young people in rural Zimbabwe","volume":"10","author":"W Mavhu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cult Health Sex"},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Question Appraisal System QAS-99","author":"GB Willis","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref33","unstructured":"Cary, NC. SAS\/STAT Software. Version 9.4 [software]. 2013. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.sas.com\/en_ca\/home.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.sas.com\/en_ca\/home.html<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"QSR International Pty Ltd. NVivo qualitative data analysis software. Version 11 [software]. 2013. Available from: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/www.qsrinternational.com\/\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/www.qsrinternational.com\/<\/ext-link>"},{"key":"ref35","article-title":"Capitalist patriarchy and the case for socialist feminism","author":"ZR Eisenstein","year":"1978"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.2307\/1229039","article-title":"Mapping the margins: intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color","volume":"43","author":"K Crenshaw","year":"1991","journal-title":"Stanford Law Rev"},{"key":"ref37","first-page":"261","article-title":"Revisioning gender","author":"PH Collins","year":"1999"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-008-9400-z","article-title":"When black + lesbian + woman \u2260 black lesbian woman: the methodological challenges of quantitative intersectionality research","volume":"59","author":"L Bowleg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sex Roles"},{"key":"ref39","first-page":"209","article-title":"Handbook of mixed methods in social &amp; behavioral research","author":"J Creswell","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref40","first-page":"1","article-title":"Technical note: measuring gender identity","author":"F Glen","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref41","article-title":"Intersex and identity: the contested self","author":"SE Preves","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref42","article-title":"Virginia Transgender Health Initiative Study (THIS), 2005\u20132006","author":"JB Bradford","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction. Two-spirit people: Native American gender identity, sexuality, and spirituality","author":"SE Jacobs","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref44","article-title":"Systems map: gender identity documentation in the federal jurisdiction","author":"K James","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178043","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,8]],"date-time":"2020-05-08T19:41:35Z","timestamp":1588966895000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178043"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Andrew R.","family":"Dalby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0178043","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,25]]}}}